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J'varo shamans use Datura to deal with the wakani bird helping a bewitching shaman.
Because of negative experiences with Western medicine in the past, the
Hmong-American Lee family regarded a visit to the hospital as the last resort.
Trance is a technique of dissociation which the shaman is forced to enter and usually
has little control over.
Among the Kabana of West New Britain, the sorcerer's threat inhibits deviance and
mediates conflict so successfully that no one is actually ever sorcerized.
In the rituals discussed by Daugherty, the snakes are always handled with love and fear,
and there is never any attempt to kill them.
Although the Lawtey faith-based correctional facility is open to all religions, it is
defacto a Christian institution because of the demographic that volunteers there.
The Huichol utilize reversals to symbolically transform themselves into deities.
Vitebsky compares soul flight to hunting as evidence of shamanism's prehistoric roots.
Anthropologists consider all specialists whose power emanates from supernatural
agents to be in the realm of the religious (although some aim to serve and others to
harm).
Recent anthropological studies of cultural performance have demonstrated that meaning
is inherent in ritual signs and must be discovered by the performer.
By isolating novice priests from the rest of society, Mmas intend to ensure the spiritual
purity of such novices.
All henna tattooing rituals secular or scared involved blood sheading.
In the myth told by Urmilaji and recorded by Narayan about auspicious marriages all
five daughters-in-law and the one daughter approach the man to receive blessings and
positive wishes,
The comparison of ritual to theater has been a very useful analogy in the
anthropological approach.
"Magic" is a derogative term used by Voodoo practitioners to refer to others whom they
feel are "serving the spirits" in a defiled manner.
There are both good and evil Mmas that are active in Kogi society.
According to Foster, naturalistic etiologies have multiple levels of causality while
personalistic etiologies are limited to one level of causality.
The two geese in the myth told by Urmilaji and recorded by Narayan represent both a
marriage and the bonds of brother and sister.
Attitudes towards the dead and practices of morning are often strongly indicative of
social customs in societies.
According to Myerhoff, reversals are instituted and relaxed with formal ceremonies.
Non-rational beliefs form the basis of baseball taboos and fetishes
The use of marijuana is actually an insignificant part of Rastafarianism,
Harner asserts that curing shamans could be more prosperous and benefit the
community more if there was less witchcraft in J'varo culture.
Hutson states that unlike Rainbow Family practices, raves do not include the use of
"fakelore."
All participants in the Burning Man Festival experience healing, rites of passage, a
liminal space, and communitas.
In Oaxaca, visitors and outsider to the Days of the Dead celebrations are often
somewhat off put by the celebratory, jovial nature with which death is treated thinking
that celebrations are dangerous or sacrilegious.
Daugherty notes that West Virginians of other Christian denominations are markedly
more psychologically and emotionally healthy than their serpent-handling neighbors.
Historically, Anthropologists have contrasted Western and non-western religions and
religious practices, but this research focus has evolved starting in the last decades of the
20th Century.
Many studies have concluded that Hmong mothers share especially strong bonds with
their children.
Participants claim that raves promote individual identity.
The Western medical system considers economic, political, and environmental factors
in illness treatment.
Two of the few commodities sold at the Burning Man Festival are ice and coffee.
The ritual healing system of the Charismatic Renewal movement affirms the mother's
choice of pregnancy termination by creating a person of the aborted fetus.
Myths are used by the Nyoro to validate existing sociopolitical stratification.
Greenfield asserts that because Brazilian culture patterns social relationships similar to
those of hypnotist and client, patients of Brazilian healers are easily induced into trance.
Fleuhr-Lobban argues that the increase in the economic participation of women
correlates highly with secular politics and state support for the emancipation of women.
According to Kenyon's study, "zar" in Sudan can create a counter hegemony for women
within the larger patriarchal society.
In a Buddhist tree ordination ceremony monks establish limits on use of the forest,
often forbidding the cutting of any trees or killing of any wildlife within it. This
ceremony is carried out in solitude and is ritually scared and private which makes it
difficult to use as a part of performative politics.
Anthropologists are particularly interested in the ways altered states of consciousness
are interpreted in political systems.
Certain foods are linked to particular religious holidays in Oaxaca. Mole is associated
with Days of the Dead while King cake is associated with Epiphany
Brazilian Spiritist healer-mediums go into trance to
A.receive their spirit guides.
B.escape the reality of the surgery.
C.control the spirits that have taken over the client's body.
D.be able to conduct surgeries quickly and efficiently.
According to Geertz, symbols do all of the following for religion, EXCEPT:
A.Relate ontology and cosmology to aesthetics and morality.
B.Sum up the way the world is and the way one ought to behave while in it.
C.Provide false prophets to worship.
D.Give tangibility to an autonomous value system.
All of the following are negative impacts of globalization EXCEPT:
A.expansion of human rights and democracy
B.global spread of infectious diseases
C.exploitation of labor issues
D.global ecological issues such as deforestation
McCarthy Brown notes that Africa is a powerful concept in Voodooto say that a spirit is
frangine is to say that
A.the spirit has risen up from the heathenism of African traditions.
B.the spirit is dark and malicious with tremendous force.
C.the spirit has departed to go back to Africa.
D.the spirit is "truly African" and, therefore, is good, ancient, and proper.
The response and participation of white western feminists/activists in the battle against
the veil and its oppression of women
A.has given Muslim women a positive model to work toward.
B.actually implicates them in collaboration with a racist and patriarchal approach,
forcing Muslim women to choose between fighting racism or sexism.
C.has been a source of inspiration and financial support for the growing global
movement for Muslim women's rights.
D.has been inhibited by the fact that most Muslim women are opposed to "liberating
reforms" as they are "lost to the faith."
Gmelch concludes that fielding in baseball is very similar to
A.open sea fishing among the Trobriand because of its lack of associated magic.
B.open sea fishing among the Trobriand because of all the magic and ritual associated
with the practice.
C.inner lagoon fishing among the Trobriand because of the lack of associated magic
and ritual.
D.inner lagoon fishing among the Trobriand because of all the magic and ritual
associated with the practice.
The DJ at a rave can be described as a "technoshaman" because
A.many times he prepares the mind altering drugs used.
B.he helps participants to enter a trance state by chanting specific learned scriptures.
C.he takes ravers on a spiritual journey using learned techniques to control helper
spirits.
D.he takes ravers on a spiritual journey using specialized knowledge of the techniques
of ecstasy.
All of the following are causes of unbalance and lack of fluidity discussed in De La
Portilla's work EXCEPT:
A.disharmony of personal/internal forces
B.environmental factors such as wind
C.exploitative consumption of energy produced by the environment
D.the physical state of unbalance
All of the following are ways that "zar" has modernized and adapted with Sudanese
culture EXCEPT:
A.Providing a necessary scapegoat for people to cope with change
B.It has become increasingly public, performative, and profitable which contributes to
fraudulent fakis
C.It allows an outlet for women to have power and have discourse about issues and
changes that impacts them
D.It allows for an embodiment of knowledge form other cultures and novel stimuli
When a person is sanctioned as having been deviant among the Kabana,
A.the individual must enter into a period of forced isolation in order to purify herself to
prevent polluting the rest of the group.
B.one of the only socially sanctioned roles available to him in the community is the role
of sorcerer.
C.the individual is privately summoned by the village magistrate in order to work out
her punishment.
D.the aim of the sanction is to provide the culprit with the opportunity for expiation and
rectification of behavior.
In Thomas's article, Witchcraft is a popular explanation for HIV due to
A.rapid and often unpredictable socio-economic change
B.high rate of illness and death in persons of prime working age
C.traditional regional attribution of misfortune to witchcraft
D.All of the above
Wallace outlines __________ as the five major types of ritual.
A.Technological rituals, therapy and antitherapy rituals, sacrifice rituals, salvation
rituals, and birth/death rituals
B.Technological rituals, therapy and antitherapy rituals, conventional rituals,
supernatural rituals, and revitalization rituals
C.Exploitative rituals, medical rituals, ideological rituals, salvation rituals, and legal
rituals
D.Technological rituals, therapy and antitherapy rituals, ideological rituals, salvation
rituals, and revitalization rituals
Brown finds the New Age embrace of shamanism unsettling because
A.he is afraid that practitioners will unwittingly increase tension in their communities
instead of alleviating it.
B.shamanistic traditions are being incorporated into Christian rituals.
C.it lacks an appreciation of the cultural context and the rather stark facts about the
practice.
D.people are going to shamans when they should just go to the doctor.
Which term best denotes the meaning of aluna?
A.spiritual
B.libidinous
C.imaginary
D.otherworldly
The linkage of witchcraft to HIV/AIDS in Namibia has __________ incidence of
HIV/AIDS testing and diagnosis.
A.dramatically decreased
B.decreased
C.maintained
D.increased
Mason critiques the ways in which social scientists have tried to define "rite of passage"
and asserts that
A.an initiate has his/her own unique experience that does not necessarily fit into a
model.
B.Turner's definition is invalid.
C.nonverbal communication in a rite of passage is more important than verbal
communication.
D.the liminal stage is composed mainly of physical movements.
According to Brazilian Spiritists, the surgeries described by Greenfield were actually
performed by __________.
A.the spirits of deceased humans
B.the gods
C.animal spirits
D.shamans
Luhrmann, a witch herself, traces the modern revival of witchcraft to
A.ancient Pagan magico-religious cults rediscovered in Celtic texts and artifacts.
B.the anthropological dissemination of ancient (pre-Christian) Sumerian goddess rites
previously unknown in the Western world.
C.the fictitious ethnographies and other writings produced by Gerald Gardner in the
1940s.
D.a modern reexamination of the goddess cults and festivals held in Ancient Greece in
honor of Aphrodite.
Most rituals performed by baseball players come from
A.myths of baseball culture.
B.childhood mentors such as fathers and coaches.
C.really good personal performances.
D.Christian folk traditions.
The goal of this chapter is to explore
A.the typology of religious specialists and how they function within their religious and
cultural system.
B.which practices concerned with the supernatural are actually "religious."
C.how all religious figures have essentially the same role within their traditions if they
are understood within context.
D.why shamanism is a mark of less complex, and less structured societies.
In both Charismatic Renewal and Japanese post-abortion rituals, _________ is one of
the most important symbols.
A.fire
B.water
C.milk
D.food
Harris asserts that non-human species
A.display sound evidence to convince us that they too hold spiritual beliefs.
B.do not display anything seemingly religious that it similar to human superstition.
C.display false associations of causality, like human superstitions, which are not to be
counted as true religious behavior.
D.have a sense of ancestor worship.
The concept of Communitas, as described by Turner and utilized in Gilmore's analysis
of Burning Man includes all of the following components EXCEPT:
A.egalitarianism
B.dissolution of personal identity
C.disrupted sense of conventional hierarchy
D.unity
Which of the following elements are not usually involved in definitions of ritual?
A.reliance upon symbols
B.long-standing tradition
C.repetition
D.capacity to intensify bonds within a community
All of the following are socio-ethical ways that intensivists interviewed in Lock's study
cope with feelings of doubt about circumstances centered around diagnosis of brain
death EXCEPT:
A.Belief that the spirit or soul leaves the body in the event of brain death
B.Rationalization that the body wants to die along with the brain
C.Belief that brain death is essentially death
D.Rationalization that the brain death state prevents the body from experiencing pain
regardless of ongoing metabolic and endocrine activity
What evidence is there to suggest that Neanderthals may have been concerned with an
afterlife?
A.cave art
B.iconical artifacts believed to represent a Shepherd of the Ancestors
C.artifacts from burial rituals
D.hunting rituals
All of the following can be part of different families' Day of the Dead celebrations in
Oaxaca EXCEPT:
A.Construction of altars
B.Children going dor to door asking for additions to altars
C.Sad or heavy hearted mourning
D.Preparation of food that is delivered to the graveyard and to relatives and friends
Juergensmeyer concludes that movements of religious nationalism will continue to arise
and gain adherents until
A.the violence and animosity within the organizations turns them inward upon
themselves and they collapse, as has already happened with several militant religious
groups.
B.the conservative and exploitive tendencies of the Western superpowers are brought
under control.
C.the nations of the world all return to ideological religious political systems
representing cultural, ethnic, and religious heritage and traditions.
D.there is a surer sense of the moral legitimacy of secular nationalism.
Hutson argues that the two predominant genres of rave, future and primitive, share a
sense of disdain for the present age and reveal
A.why many participants consume mind altering drugs.
B.an attraction to alternative possibilities.
C.participants' rejection of organized religion.
D.problems of youth in contemporary society.
In his investigation into baseball magic, Gmelch defines ritual as
A.a prescribed behavior in which there is no empirical connection between the means
and the desired end.
B.a behavior that is done in a methodical and routinized way.
C.a prescribed behavior that supports the core beliefs of a system.
D.a symbolic assertion of control over the uncontrollable.
The anthropologist must pay attention to _____ when studying religion.
A.cross-cultural similarities and differences on a global level and varieties of
experiences amongst members of the same society
B.how assertions by scholars from other disciplines are correct or incorrect
C.whether or not beliefs and practices provide a positive function for the society
D.topics the society may view as taboo
