What was a result of the Kansas City Gun Experiment?
a. There was a measurable effect on gun crimes in the target area during the experiment.
b. Assaults on police officers increased in the target area.
c. Gun crimes in the target area marginally increased.
d. Gun crimes were displaced to contiguous beats.
____ refers to the process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial
appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceedings.
a. Intake
b. Presentence investigation
c. Diagnosis
d. Adjudication
Since September 11, 2001, which agency is considered the main federal investigative
agency for terrorism?
a. Secret Service
b. DEA
c. FBI
d. USMS
The elderly crime rate has remained stable for the past 20 years.
a.True
b.False
Approximately 75 percent of Americans self-report having a gun at home or elsewhere
on their property.
a.True
b.False
Approximately _____ of the people now entering prison are parole violates.
a. one-fourth
b. one-third
c. half
d. three-fourths
Since the early 1920s and continuing to present day, strides have been made to keep
policing professional and educated, and several efforts have been made to increase the
caliber of police officers. The public has always been critical of these changes because
they often come as a response to an incident.
What era was deemed one of reform, where police should be evaluated on their
courteousness and helpfulness, not for their crime-fighting abilities?
a. 1960s
b. 1970s
c. 1980s
d. 1990s
The vast majority of law enforcement agencies, more than 75 percent, require recruits
to have a college degree.
a. True
b. False
According to ____ theory, indicators of neighborhood disorder are highly predictive of
crime rates.
a.social structure
b.developmental
c.social process
d.conflict
Floaters were abandoned ships anchored in harbors and used in eighteenth century
England to house prisoners.
a. True
b. False
Efforts to control transnational organized crime are typically handled by local and state
agencies working together.
a. True
b. False
Which is a difference between juvenile and adult justice systems?
a. Discretion is used by police officers, judges, and correctional personnel.
b. The right to receive the Miranda warning.
c. Community treatment as a sentencing option.
d. The constitutional right to a jury trial in all states.
Which of the following is not one of the six core beliefs at the heart of the police
culture?
a. Loyalty to colleagues counts above all else.
b. The war against crime cannot be won without bending the rules.
c. No one else understands the nature of police work.
d. Patrol work is a necessary and vital part of police work.
Judges are generally granted discretion to tailor the restrictions of a probation sentence
to fit what they deem to be the needs of the individual offender.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is false regarding the success of probation?
a. National data indicate that only 30 percent of probationers are successful in
completing their probationary sentence.
b. Most revocations occur for technical violations during the first three months of
probation.
c. Felons who receive probation are less likely to recidivate than felons who are sent to
prison for committing similar crimes.
d. Incarcerating offenders increases the likelihood of recidivism.
In what landmark decision did the Supreme Court rule that police can perform a stop
and frisk when they have reasonable suspicion to believe criminal activity is afoot?
a. Miranda v. Arizona
b. Mapp v. Ohio
c. Terry v. Ohio
d. Tennessee v. Garner
Until 1881, the New York police were responsible for street sweeping.
a. True
b. False
Juveniles held in adult prisons and jails are five times more likely to be victims of
attempted sexual assaults and rapes that those in juvenile facilities.
a. True
b. False
Carding and spoofing are concepts associated with mortgage fraud.
a. True
b. False
What type of study is the best measure of unreported crimes??
a. Victimization surveys
b. Prison data
c. Self-report studies
d. Official records
Which state had the earliest example of state police?
a. Massachusetts
b. Pennsylvania
c. Texas
d. Arizona
Wayne is an architect. He designs all kinds of buildings, but lately he has found that
designing correctional institutions is a very lucrative business. He knows a couple of
people that have gone to jail and prison and has been asked to come up with the best
way to maintain security in each facility.
Wayne has been contacted by the GEO group to design a facility. What type of work is
he about to sign-on for?
a. Private prison
b. Boot camp
c. Super-maximum facility
d. Halfway house
What happens during the fact-finding hearing?
a. Evidence is heard.
b. The offender is adjudicated.
c. A bail decision is made.
d. The case is screened by probation officers.
The determinate sentence is still the most widely used type of sentence in the United
States.
a. True
b. False
Which goal of sentencing attempts to convince the criminal through punishment that
future crime would not be in their own best interests?
a. General deterrence
b. Retribution
c. Specific deterrence
d. Incapacitation
A sentencing target of 8″25 years in prison is an example of a determinate sentence.
a. True
b. False
The average time it takes to carry out an execution is 12 years because of:
a. numerous appeals.
b. time between conviction and jury decision.
c. sentencing by the judge.
d. prison administration delays.
Which factors have been linked to recidivism?
a. A history of physical and sexual abuse
b. Maintenance of criminal peer association
c. Harboring of aggressive feelings
d. All of the above have been linked to recidivism.
Whether the crime was committed for monetary gain is one of the factors that affect
sentencing.
a. True
b. False
Gary is a police officer who is also a forensic scientist. Currently, his job is in the crime
lab and includes processing fingerprints, examining blood spatter evidence, and testing
evidence for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). One day he would like to work for the civil
justice system instead of the criminal justice system.
Gary has been reassigned to a patrol unit that is focused on reducing youth crime by
saturating the area with police officers. Gary has become part of a ______ policing unit.
a. community-oriented
b. hot spot
c. aggressive
d. Problem-oriented
Research suggests that gang members are responsible for a large proportion of all
violent offenses committed during the adolescent years.
a.True
b.False
Once a juvenile has been taken into custody, the child has the same ____ Amendment
rights to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures as an adult does.
a. First
b. Fourth
c. Fifth
d. Eighth
Describe the criteria used by the courts in determining whether a punishment
constitutes cruel and unusual conduct.
Discuss the various types of police corruption. What causes such behavior and how can
it be controlled?
What is risk classification and is it an effective tool in the fight against repeat
offending?
The _____________________ states that as the poverty of minorities in the population
increases, so too does the amount of social control that the public directs at those
minority group members.
_____ law became the standardized law of the land in England and eventually formed
the basis of criminal law in the United States.
Female inmates often form groups called ____________________ to cope with prison
life.
The ____________________ style of policing is characterized by an emphasis on
maintaining public order.
It has become common for police departments to institute _____ oversight over police
practices and to establish review boards to listen to complaints and conduct
investigations.
If a lawyer is appointed by the court to represent a defendant in a criminal case because
the person is too poor to hire counsel, this is referred to as _________.
Most defendants appearing before the courts plead ______ prior to the trial stage.
_________________integrates information from different jurisdictions into a single
database that detectives can access when working on investigations.
An inmate trained in law who helps other inmates prepare legal briefs and appeals is
often referred to as a __________.
List the five primary purposes of the nation’s jails. Who are the typical jail inmates?
Explain the meaning of right to a speedy trial and how this right may be violated.
Discuss the difference between the medical model and the penal harm model.
A ______ is the action by a grand jury when it votes not to indict an accused suspect.
A(n) ____________________ is an operation designed to encourage and observe
criminal behavior so the officers can make an arrest.