Arboreal adaptation is:
a. adaptation to life in the trees.
b. the ability to brachiate.
c. adaptation to life in the savanna.
d. the ability to move on four limbs.
Primate societies are complexly organized. This means:
a. several species of primates coexist socially.
b. within any primate group, individuals representing different kinships, ranks, ages,
and sexes often form alliances.
c. some primate societies are male only.
d. some primate societies are female only.
During your lab you are asked to identify the pathological feature of spongy bone
invading the eye socket that occurs in the interior upper surface of the eye sockets; you
diagnose the condition as:
a. porotic hyperostosis, resulting from iron-deficiency anemia.
b. periosteal reaction, resulting from changes in diet.
c. ameloblasts, resulting from changes in diet and parasitic infection.
d. cribra orbitalia, resulting from iron-deficiency anemia or parasitic infection.
Which of the following is NOT a cause of evolution in a population?
a. inheritance of acquired traits
b. mutation
c. gene flow
d. genetic drift
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach:
a. discovered the existence of three races.
b. categorized skulls into five racial types.
c. used blood types and skin colors to create a racial taxonomy for humans.
d. showed that skull shape changed over time.
In East Africa robust australopithecines are also called:
a. Orrorin.
b. Sahelanthropus.
c. Gigantopithecus.
d. Paranthropus.
Chimpanzee communication involves different combinations of sounds, such as:
a. screams, gnashing, and hissing.
b. grunts, pants, and hoots.
c. howling, hoots, and high-pitched screams.
d. pants, coos, and gurgles.
Primate females:
a. invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals.
b. give birth to more offspring than do most other mammals.
c. give birth to fewer offspring than do many other mammals.
d. give birth to twins regularly.
The ABO and MN blood-type frequencies of the Dunkers differ significantly from those
of current American and German populations due to:
a. genetic drift.
b. natural selection.
c. gene flow.
d. mutation.
The multiregional continuity hypothesis supposes that:
a. modern Homo sapiens first evolved in Africa and then spread to Asia and Europe,
replacing archaic Homo sapiens populations.
b. the transition to modernity took place regionally and without involving replacement.
c. Homo erectus populations migrated out of Africa to replace archaic Homo sapiens.
d. archaic Homo sapiens migrated out of Africa to replace Neandertals in Europe.
Scientists can determine the type of plant consumed based on:
a. carbon 14.
b. radioisotopes.
c. index fossils.
d. carbon 13 and carbon 12.
The prenatal stage in humans is divided into:
a. trimesters.
b. the neonatal period versus after the end of lactation.
c. infancy, childhood, the juvenile period, puberty, adolescence, and adulthood.
d. the neonatal period, infancy, the juvenile period, puberty, and adolescence.
For dating hominin fossils that go back 4 million years, what dating methods might be
used?
a. electron spin resonance
b. thermoluminescence
c. amino acid method
d. both a. and b.
Homo erectus fossils date to:
a. 3″1 mya.
b. 2.5″0.5 mya.
c. 1.8″300,000 mya.
d. 1.2″800,000 mya.
The study of primate vocal communication:
a. has been used to understand the language evolution of all primates.
b. has resulted in chimps and gorillas demonstrating an ability to speak.
c. can give us insights into the selective pressures that may have shaped the evolution of
language.
d. demonstrates that gossip is not exclusively human.
Polyandrous:
a. refers to a social group that includes one reproductively active female and several
adult males and their offspring.
b. refers to a social group that includes one female and several males.
c. means “many offspring.”
d. refers to a social group that includes one adult male and several adult females and
their offspring.
Why are primates social in the long term?
a. to reduce stress, promote longevity, and enhance reproductive success
b. to increase relationships between kin for the improvement of the society
c. to emphasize care of the young
d. to develop support for females to increase fecundity
The postnatal stage includes:
a. the first, second, and third trimesters.
b. menarche and senescence.
c. the growth or development of the deciduous teeth, motor skills, and cognitive
abilities.
d. the human growth cycle from the embryo stage.
Paleocene organisms that may have been the first primates were:
a. adapids.
b. proconsulids.
c. dryopithecids.
d. plesiadapiforms.
Darwinian evolution proposes that:
a. species adapt and change over time based on the environment.
b. an individual can change within its own lifetime.
c. species adapt based on individual goals.
d. individuals determine their own biological adaptations.
_______ iron is found in some foods that provide all the amino acids humans require in
their diet.
a. Heme
b. Nonheme
c. Flat
d. Raw
During crucial periods of human evolution, the Pleistocene was characterized by:
a. massive glaciation, then warm interglacials.
b. high humidity.
c. aridity, then humidity.
d. glaciation, then aridity.
Which of the following is an adaptive characteristic of bipedalism?
a. opposable thumb
b. nails instead of claws
c. convergent eyes
d. longitudinal arch in the foot
The suborder prosimians includes:
a. New World and Old World monkeys.
b. lemurs, lorises, galagos, and tarsiers.
c. great apes and lesser apes.
d. lemurs, lorises, and Old World monkeys.
To date, the majority of Neandertal fossils have been found in:
a. India.
b. Europe and western Asia.
c. northern Africa.
d. southeast Asia.
Igneous rock can be dated with which of the following methods?
a. radiopotassium dating
b. dendrochronology
c. radiocarbon dating
d. fluorine dating
Haplotypes are:
a. not likely to recombine during crossovers.
b. likely to recombine during crossovers.
c. genes that code for similar things.
d. genetic material that come from one parent only.
Adaptive radiation occurs when:
a. one species gives rise to multiple closely related species.
b. several species adapt to one environment.
c. species adapt to environments with high radiation levels.
d. an individual adapts to varying environments.
What is special about primate societies and social behavior?
a. They are not diverse.
b. They welcome newcomers as humans do.
c. They are highly diverse.
d. They share and cooperate as humans do not.
The first recognizable ancestors of the lineage leading to humans include:
a. Australopithecus afarensis.
b. Paranthropus.
c. Sahelanthropus tchandensis.
d. Orrorin tugenensis.
A species that is adapted to a wide range of environments, climates, and diets is:
a. highly specialized.
b. likely undergoing further evolution.
c. biologically diverse.
d. likely to go extinct.
A central theme of human evolution is a(n):
a. increasing adaptive flexibility.
b. decreasing cranial capacity.
c. decreasing body size.
d. more robust jaw.