In Gideon v. Wainwright, the court took the first major step on the issue of right to
counsel.
a. True
b. False
Boot camps are a form of shock incarceration.
a. True
b. False
Federal funding accounts for most of all direct justice system spending.
a. True
b. False
National data indicate that 60 percent of probationers successfully complete their
probationary sentence.
a. True
b. False
Most juvenile aftercare involves:
a. parole.
b. probation.
c. community service.
d. Counseling.
Most criminal cases are processed through the entire formal justice system.
a. True
b. False
The right to a public trial is guaranteed by the _____ Amendment.
a. First
b. Fifth
c. Sixth
d. Eighth
Which of the following is false regarding the age”crime relationship?
a.Young people are part of a youth culture that favors risk taking and behaviors that
may involve law violation.
b.Youths have unlimited access to their parent’s money.
c.Youths are psychological immature.
d.Youths are aware of the lack of punitiveness of the juvenile justice system.
Wayne is an architect. He designs all kinds of buildings, but lately he has found that
designing correctional institutions is a very lucrative business. He knows a couple of
people that have gone to jail and prison and has been asked to come up with the best
way to maintain security in each facility.
Wayne is working on a project that will be a free-standing structure that houses inmates
in pods. This will allow officers to supervise them differently. What is Wayne building?
a. Medium-security prison
b. New-generation jail
c. Private prison
d. Maximum-security prison
Technology in the courtroom is a controversial issue because much of the information
used infringes on the rights of the accused.
a. True
b. False
Becky is a 17 years old and has always been trouble. She disobeys her parents, skips
school, and seems to have some anger toward authority figures. She also has some
developmental delays that she was born with and although she is 17, she acts as if she is
12. She is standing in front of Judge Brown for the first time and is being charged with
shoplifting. The judge has a lot of options for punishment because Becky lives in a state
where 17 is the legal age to be considered an adult.
Becky is back in court for her second shoplifting offense. The judge still feels that an
alternative sentence is appropriate for Becky, possibly one that provides her skills that
will help in the future. What type of facility will likely accomplish his goal?
a. Boot camp
b. Halfway house
c. Private prison
d. Prison camp
In cases where the offender is convicted of two or more charges, and the judge’s
sentences begin on the same day and are completed when the longest term is served it is
called a _____________ sentence.
a. consecutive
b. determinate
c. concurrent
d. mandatory maximum
Which of the following is the least punitive alternative on the punishment ladder?
a. Forfeiture
b. Pretrial release
c. Fines
d. Restitution
The US Secret Service was initially tasked with investigating the counterfeiting of US
currency and it continues to do so today.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not a factor that distinguishes private policing from public
policing?
a. Private policing focuses their efforts on public and private property.
b. Private police are concerned almost solely with prevention.
c. Private policing is concerned more on loss prevention than on crime.
d. Private policing often employs private justice.
Which of the following types of cyber crime was not discussed in the text?
a. Cyber terrorism
b. Phishing
c. E-tailing
d. Chiseling
More than half of all-male inmates are held in minimum-security prisons.
a. True
b. False
The ____ Amendment to the Constitution prohibits excessive bail.
a. Sixth
b. Eighth
c. Fourteenth
d. Sixteenth
Shock incarceration occurs in prison farms.
a. True
b. False
Courts of limited jurisdiction are named as such because:
a. all cases in that type of jurisdiction handle 1″2 particular types of crime, making a
limited scope.
b. they are restricted to hearing minor or less serious civil and criminal cases.
c. they not only review facts but procedures of the case to limit judicial decision
making.
d. they were named this when each state was only allowed to have one court.
Approximately _____ percent of local police departments serve populations of fewer
than 10,000 people.
a. 25
b. 50
c. 75
d. 90
Sara, an 18-year old college student uses cocaine occasionally and was just arrested for
buying $200 worth. After spending the night in jail, she is ready to put this whole
episode behind her. When she appears before the judge, she has a public defender
representing her and the attorney has assured Sara that this is no big deal as it was her
first offense.
Sara finally calls her parents. They are troubled by her addiction and want her to go to
rehab, so they give her some money. This is enough to cover about 10 percent of the
bail fee. In order to get back to her classes and life, what is the best option for Sara?
a. Post direct bail
b. Post surety bail
c. Request a reduction in bail
d. Get an unsecured bond
It is estimated that more than half of all logging activities in the most vulnerable forest
regions is conducted illegally.
a. True
b. False
Working in a department that is located in a high crime area is an example of a peer
factor of discretion.
a. True
b. False
Charles Loring Brace was the philanthropist who developed the Children’s Aid Society.
a. True
b. False
What is the core goal of using mandatory life sentences so criminals cannot hurt other
citizens?
a. Restitution
b. Incapacitation
c. Retribution
d. General deterrence
The Jones family lives in Washington D.C. and has a booming methamphetamine
business out of their house. One night a tree falls on their home exposing their
operation to the fire department who in turn calls the police.
Mr. Jones has requested that a jury be present to hear this case. Where will his case be
heard?
a. D.C. courts of general jurisdiction
b. US district court
c. Drug court
d. Federal circuit court
Since the early 1920s and continuing to present day, strides have been made to keep
policing professional and educated, and several efforts have been made to increase the
caliber of police officers. The public has always been critical of these changes because
they often come as a response to an incident.
Dissatisfied with their status in society, which event occurred to heighten interest in
police reform?
a. Boston Police Strike
b. Rodney King beating
c. Watts Riot
d. Bow Street Run
In early US policing, which area of the country encouraged individual initiative and
offered rewards for the capture of felons and law breakers?
a. The rural south
b. Western territories
c. The east
d. Most areas employed this practice
The Jones family lives in Washington D.C. and has a booming methamphetamine
business out of their house. One night a tree falls on their home exposing their
operation to the fire department who in turn calls the police.
Mr. Jones is angry at his private attorney. He keeps him on retainer for the very reason
of potential criminal action against him and his meth business. Mr. Jones has now been
placed with a public defender. One major difference between a public and private
attorney is:
a. conviction rates
b. sentence lengths
c. quality of representation
d. cost
What was the most common state-administered punishment in fifth century Roman
civilization?
a. Mutilation
b. Burning at the stake
c. Banishment (exile)
d. Flogging
_____ are the underground criminal societies based in Hong Kong that control secret
markets, bus routes, and are often involved in money laundering and drug trafficking.
a. Asian Gangs
b. Yakuza
c. Red Dragons
d. Triads
Legal factors are at play when an officer’s police practices are shaped by how the
department that he or she is part of and how his or her fellow officer’s act.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is a reason for which a jury can nullify the facts and evidence of
a case?
a. The jury believes that the law is unjust.
b. The jury believes the punishment is excessive.
c. The jury believes the law is being unjustly applied.
d. All of the above are reasons for jury nullification.
List and discuss each of the factors that influence sentencing.
Identify and describe the factors that have been related to police shootings.
The ____________ or the “product test” states that an accused is not responsible if his
or her unlawful act was a product of mental disease or defect.
Explain the selection and functions of a trial judge.
Police subculture is considered a(n) ____________ decision-making factor.
The FBI, DEA, ATF, and USMS are housed under the __________.
____________________ is an aggressive law enforcement style that emphasizes
attacking crimes head-on and in advance rather than waiting for calls for service.
The ____________________ Amendment was the basis for the Miranda decision.
Discuss the major functions of a defense attorney in the justice process.
The court created a reasonableness standard for the use of force in the case of
____________________.
Discuss the history and development of juvenile justice, including a discussion of the
child savers and their vision of juvenile justice.
A(n) ____________________ is a sentence of incarceration that is not carried out
unless the offender disobeys the rules of probation while in the community.
The suggestion that low rates of female crime are a reflection of the leniency of police
and judges toward female offenders is the __________.
Compare and contrast three forms of correctional treatment, including a discussion of
the effectiveness of each treatment.
In 1994 in Rhode Island, the nation’s first ______court was created.
In Graham v. Conner, the Supreme Court ruled that issues related to nondeadly force
must be judged from the standpoint of a __________ officer.
Discuss the deterrence impact of determinate, mandatory, and truth-in-sentencing
models.
In Ring v. Arizona, the court found that ________, not judges, must make the critical
findings that send convicted killers to death row.
Through the use of examples, discuss the factors affecting the prosecutor’s discretionary
decision-making process.
Perhaps the greatest factor in controlling the use of ______________ is the threat of
civil judgments against individual officers.