As processing speed slows,
A) attention heightens.
B) executive function improves.
C) working memory declines.
D) short-term memory improves.
The physical changes of late life lead to an increased need for certain nutrients,
including
A) vitamin D to prevent free radicals.
B) vitamin E to protect the bones.
C) vitamin C to protect the immune system.
D) calcium to protect the immune system.
Which of the following statements about multisystemic therapy aimed at preventing
delinquency is true?
A) It works better with low-SES adolescents than high-SES adolescents.
B) It leads to improvement in parent”adolescent relationships and school performance.
C) It is exclusively a family-based intervention that focuses on parenting techniques.
D) Research has concluded that it is not as effective as conventional services or
individual therapy.
With regard to scientific knowledge, Ross has an extensive, highly organized, and
integrated knowledge base that can be used to support a high level of performance.
Ross has __________ in science.
A) metacognitive knowledge
B) practical problem-solving ability
C) expertise
D) intuition
Danielle saw a man carrying a sign that said “I”m hungry.” She took the man’s
perspective, imagined how he felt, and asked her mom if she could give her allowance
to the man so that he could buy some food. Danielle has developed
A) pride.
B) guilt.
C) empathy.
D) industry.
Some theorists believe that a general slowing of __________ underlies nearly all
age-related declines in cognitive performance.
A) processing speed
B) synaptic connections
C) verbal IQ
D) central nervous system functioning
Which of the following statements about personality traits in late adulthood is true?
A) Old age is a time in which the personality inevitably becomes rigid and morale
declines.
B) Most seniors show a modest age-related dip in acceptance of change.
C) A flexible, optimistic approach to life is common in old age.
D) Older adults tend to score higher in extraversion than middle-aged adults.
As they move through a hope trajectory, many dying patients first hope for
A) a cure.
B) prolonging life.
C) strength.
D) a peaceful death.
During __________, children use their current schemes to interpret the external world,
whereas in __________, children create new schemes or adjust old ones after noticing
that their current ways of thinking do not capture the environment completely.
A) assimilation; accommodation
B) equilibration; disequilibration
C) adaptation; organization
D) accommodation; assimilation
At age 6, the average North American child weighs _____ pounds and is _____ feet
tall.
A) 35; 3
B) 40; 3
C) 45; 3
D) 55; 3
Music thanatology
A) focuses on providing palliative care to the dying through music.
B) can actually increase anxiety about impending death.
C) is practiced more in Eastern than in Western cultures.
D) works only on those who are heavily medicated.
The amnion
A) develops into the nervous system and the skin.
B) surrounds the chorion.
C) contains one large vein that delivers blood to the developing organism.
D) encloses the developing organism in amniotic fluid.
Arthur is looking forward to having more time for leisure pursuits after retirement. He
is excited about trying out new options. Arthur should know that leisure activities
pursued during retirement typically include
A) more vigorous physical activities.
B) new activities never pursued before.
C) activities that earn extra money.
D) things that have been lifelong interests.
Which of the following learning experiences should Cheryl, a caregiver, use to promote
experience-expectant brain growth?
A) reading and writing
B) playing a game of peekaboo
C) playing computer games
D) practicing the piano
Which of the following employees with similar years of experience will probably
perform more competently in the workplace?
A) Brandon, a high school graduate
B) Bertram, a college-level intern
C) Bronson, a middle-aged adult
D) Blake, a young adult
Children who develop __________ attribute their failures, not their successes, to ability.
A) learned helplessness
B) mastery-oriented attributions
C) a realistically oriented view of ability
D) an ideal self
When __________ persists, it can prevent the heart from pumping enough blood and
result in faintness.
A) BRCA2
B) arrhythmia
C) osteoporosis
D) angina pectoris
Which of the following older adults is the most likely to be institutionalized?
A) Reggie, an 83-year-old African American
B) Ethel, an 80-year-old Caucasian American
C) Rosa, a 90-year-old Hispanic American
D) Akari, an 84-year-old Asian American
Which of the following statements about brain development is true?
A) At birth, the brain is nearly 70 percent of its adult weight.
B) By age 2, the brain is approximately 50 percent of its adult weight.
C) Brain development is complete by the end of the first year.
D) Gains in neural fibers and myelination account for the extraordinary gain in overall
brain size.
Jamal is able to think through a series of steps and then mentally return to the starting
point. Therefore, Jamal is capable of
A) reversibility.
B) decentration.
C) transitive interference.
D) class inclusion.
Compared with nuclear-family households, extended-family arrangements
A) produce higher levels of divorce and teenage pregnancy.
B) place less emphasis on moral and religious values.
C) produce more adolescents with antisocial behavior.
D) place more emphasis on cooperation and on moral and religious values.
Research shows that __________ predicts school performance at least as well as, and
sometimes better than, IQ does.
A) self-discipline
B) SES
C) the size of the cerebral cortex
D) emotional intelligence
Margerite passed Piaget’s class inclusion problem. This indicates that Margerite can
A) think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction.
B) focus on relations between a general and two specific categories at the same time.
C) solve problems using abstract reasoning.
D) order items along a quantitative dimension.
Around age _____, children first become certain that a video image of themselves
replayed a few minutes after it was filmed is still “me.”
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Thomas and Chess’s New York Longitudinal Study demonstrated that
A) temperament is unrelated to psychological well-being.
B) the stability of temperament across childhood is high.
C) temperament is genetically determined.
D) temperament can protect a child from the negative effects of a highly stressful home
life.
Tanner’s parents are withdrawn. They make no demands of Tanner and are indifferent to
his point of view. Tanner’s parents have a(n) __________ style of child rearing.
A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) permissive
D) uninvolved
Among American young people, cohabitation
A) is less likely to serve as preparation for marriage as it is to serve as an alternative to
marriage.
B) is now the preferred mode of entry into a committed intimate partnership.
C) in less common than it was a generation ago.
D) is more common than it is in Western Europe.
__________ predicts the quality of the grandparent”adult grandchild relationship.
A) Proximity
B) The amount of practical assistance an adult grandchild provides
C) Degree of grandparent involvement during childhood
D) Age of the adult grandchild
One major limitation of the clinical, or case study, method is
A) that researchers’ theoretical preferences may bias their observations and
interpretations.
B) that it must be conducted with large groups of people at the same time.
C) it provides little information on how children and adults actually behave.
D) it provides little information about the reasoning behind responses and behaviors.
Kyle, age 52, has collections of pigment under his skin, especially on his face and
hands. Kyle has developed
A) dermatitis.
B) age spots.
C) eczema.
D) crow’s-feet.