Minority youths accused of delinquent acts are less likely than white youths to be
diverted from the court system into informal sanctions.
a. True
b. False
By the start of the 20th century, women represented about ____________________
percent of wardens and superintendents of the state correctional facilities for men.
a. 1
b. 10
c. 30
d. 50
Bob has been incarcerated for 16 years. He is serving a 20-year sentence for armed
robbery. During his 16 years in prison he has been housed in seven different
facilities around the state.
If Bob continues to behave, he will be eligible for release in 1 year. He has requested a
transfer to a prison closer to his hometown that has a relaxed perimeter security. Here,
he will have more freedom and be permitted to work outside jobs. Which type of
facility is Bob requesting to be transferred to?
a. minimum
b. medium
c. maximum
d. supermax
Three-strike laws have contributed to overcrowded prisons.
a. True
b. False
Wide public support for “just desert” sentencing caused interest in community sanctions
geared toward:
a. the seriousness of the crime.
b. repeat offenders.
c. violent offenders.
d. sex offenders.
The juvenile justice system was established more than 100 years ago to provide for the
care of law-violating youth.
a. True
b. False
The basic purpose for vocational training is to:
a. keep inmates busy in prison.
b. earn money for the state.
c. prepare inmates for jobs in the community.
d. make inmates happy.
When did prison officials realize that they had to take away the gangs’ authority over
prison life?
a. 1970s
b. 1980s
c. 1990s
d. 2000s
Which of the following is Not a goal of diversion today?
a. avoiding the harsh impacts of incarceration
b. providing a range of alternatives for decision makers to choose from
c. dealing with the punitively oriented alternative
d. providing a “more justifying justice” for victims and communities
Brad just graduated from the corrections academy in his state. He has been
assigned to a maximum security prison that houses all types of offenders. He is
shadowing a veteran correctional officer named Carl.
Carl mentioned to Brad on his first day that he may not understand everything the
inmates are saying because the inmates have their own unique language. This language
is known as:
a. argot.
b. prisonese.
c. slang.
d. toughman tone.
Edward is 16 years old. He was sentenced to a juvenile facility for possession of
marijuana and for armed robbery. He is a habitual offender who previously
violated his probation and was thrown out of his residential program.
After he completes his time in the residential facility, Edward is supervised so that he
can make an adjustment to community living. This supervision is known as:
a. aftercare.
b. boot camp.
c. probation.
d. wilderness program.
When boot camps are used in adult corrections, they are usually used for:
a. first-time offenders in their late teens or early twenties.
b. first-time offenders who have a drug problem.
c. habitual offenders who have a violent criminal history.
d. habitual offenders who have a drug problem.
There is a growing movement to make the staff in women’s prisons more competent and
professional.
a. True
b. False
It is appropriate for judges to consider a defendant’s prior record in making their
sentencing decision.
a. True
b. False
Jack was just placed on probation for the crime of burglary. He has been arrested
several times but never convicted of a crime. Last year, he was arrested and placed
in the TASC program. He successfully completed this program and remained out
of trouble for 1 year.
In Jack’s case, who had the final approval in the decision of probation?
a. judge
b. jury
c. probation officer
d. victim
An in rem proceeding is not an action against the property involved but against the
violator involved.
a. True
b. False
Perinatal mortality and morbidity are high for women prisoners.
a. True
b. False
Jails are constitutionally mandated to make available adequate health care delivery
systems.
a. True
b. False
Your state has a severe prison overcrowding problem. One option to alleviate this
overcrowding is to release inmates from prison early. Mr. Green, the head of the
Department of Corrections in your state, meets with Mrs. Jones, who oversees the
agency that determines whether an inmate serving his or her sentence is ready to
be released early. They also discuss the requirements of the supervision of these
inmates once they are released.
Mr. Green and Mrs. Jones come up with a system where they will review the cases of
inmates who have served their minimum sentence and those who have reached a
rehabilitative level sufficient to deal with the outside world. Mrs. Jones and the rest of
her boardwill then meet with each inmate and decide who they release early. This
method is referred to as:
a. automatic parole.
b. discretionary parole.
c. mandatory parole.
d. selective parole.
The most widely used type of sentence today is:
a. mandatory.
b. determinate.
c. indeterminate.
d. presumptive.
One task of the prosecution in a death penalty case is to establish that the sentence
should be death because the aggravating causes in the case exceed mitigating causes.
a. True
b. False
Warden Jones is the first female warden of the only correctional institution in the
state. She was promoted from assistant warden at a medium-security male prison.
During her first week of work, she realizes that running a female prison is
completely different than running a male prison.
Warden Jones was brought into the prison to help fix the problem of sexual assaults of
inmates by staff members. The previous warden and 20 officers were terminated
because of a sex abuse scandal that occurred at the institution. She is determined to
eradicate the prison of sexual assaults committed by her staff. She reaches out to the
international nongovernmental organization that is concerned with the rights of
prisoners for help with the development of new policies to ensure she puts an end to
these sexual assaults. What is the name of this organization?
a. American Civil Liberties Union
b. Human Rights Watch
c. National Organization of Women
d. U.S. Department of Justice
Which law authorized funding for additional state prisons and jails in order to ensure
that convicted offenders serve a large portion of their sentence?
a. The Anti-Drug Abuse Act
b. The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act
c. The Firearm Owner’s Protection Act
d. The Sentencing Reform Act
Which researcher found that women in prison cope by establishing homosexual
relationships?
a. Giallombardo
b. Gresham and Sykes
c. Hefferman
d. Ward and Kassebaum
Police officers are only allowed to use discretion with adult offenders.
a. True
b. False
What percentage of all prison inmates have experienced symptoms of a mental health
problem or have had a recent history of mental disturbance?
a. 25 percent
b. 50percent
c. 66percent
d. 75percent
Bob has been incarcerated for 16 years. He is serving a 20-year sentence for armed
robbery. During his 16 years in prison he has been housed in seven different
facilities around the state.
One of the institutions where Bob spent 5 years had long central corridors. This design
made it possible to house prisoners by classification levels. What architectural design
was this prison?
a. radial
b. telephone-pole
c. courtyard
d. campus style
Management in first-generation jails assumes that they hold violent inmates who
express their rage by victimizing each other, assaulting staff members, destroying
property, and attempting to escape.
a. True
b. False
John Irwin refers to disorderly and disorganized jail inmates as “rabble” and contends
that the jail was invented and continues to be operated in order to manage society’s
rabble.
a. True
b. False
Prisoners have a right to assemble without restriction.
a. True
b. False
In ____________________, the U.S. Supreme Court held that probationers have fewer
constitutional protections than the general public and specifically that their homes can
be searched without a warrant.
a. List v. Indiana University of Pennsylvania
b. Griffin v. Wisconsin
c. Gagnon v. Scarpelli
d. Gardner v. Florida
An arrangement when a jurisdiction with an adequate jail is willing to contract with
neighboring cities and counties to house prisoners on a per diem basis is known as
__________________________.
A ____________________ is one who acts with premeditated and politically directed
violence directed against noncombatants.
What precautions do prison staff take when dealing with HIV/AIDS inmates?
The _____________________ model views the losses experienced by an inmate during
incarceration as one of the costs of imprisonment.
Discuss the probation population in the United States today. Specifically, discuss who is
more likely to be on probation, what offenses are probationers more likely to have
committed, and what states have the majority of probationers.
What is the difference between specific and general deterrence? Discuss at least two
points.
Because of concern over violent juvenile offenders and the threat they pose to the
community, state legislatures have passed laws permitting juveniles to be
____________________to adult court.
The _________________________ doctrine gave correctional administrators freedom
from excessive lower court interference.
The basic functions of a probation officer’s job include supervision, investigation, and
____________________.
Discuss the two explanations for prison culture presented in the text.
A(An) _________________ is a sanction that requires convicted offenders to pay a
specified sum of money.
The _______________ view believes that convicted felons do not have rights other
than those conferred on them by law.
If the conditions of their release are violated, mandatory releasees can have their
________________ revoked and be returned to the institution to serve the remainder of
their unexpired term.
Discuss the findings of the three classic studies of women in prison.
The enactment of equal employment legislation, especially ____________, which
prohibited sex discrimination in hiring by state and local government, opened the doors
for women in men’s prisons.
Discuss at least two pros and two cons of a locally operated probation department.
The new-generation jails are based on the ____________________model.
The primary goal of placing juveniles in institutions is to help them reenter the
____________________ successfully.