Which of the following children can likely dress and undress without supervision?
A)Shang, who is 2 years old
B)Penelope, who is 3 years old
C)Jason, who is 3½ years old
D)Lillian, who is 4 years old
The most frequently occurring form of Down syndrome results from
A)an extra broken piece of a twenty-first chromosome attaching to another chromosome.
B)an error during the early stages of mitosis.
C)a failure of the twenty-first pair of chromosomes to separate during meiosis.
D)the inheritance of an extra X chromosome.
The Fishers are a dual-earner family. The Fisher children probably __________ than their
friends in single-earner households.
A)participate in fewer household chores
B)have more rigid views of gender roles
C)have more behavioral and academic problems
D)devote more daily hours to doing homework under parental guidance
While filling in a connect-the-dots page, Amir hesitated. His father asked him, “What
comes after 7? Start counting from 1 and see if that helps you remember.” Amir recited the
numbers and remembered that 8 comes after 7. This is an example of
A)scaffolding.
B)private speech.
C)guided participation.
D)assisted discovery.
Wanda is concerned that her son, Max, will be in pain during his circumcision. You can tell
Wanda that
A)newborn males do not experience much pain during circumcision.
B)offering a nipple that delivers a sugar solution reduces discomfort during circumcision.
C)local anesthetics cannot be used during newborn circumcisions because they elevate the
heart rate.
D)local anesthetics can actually cause increased pain during minor procedures like
circumcision.
In Piaget’s theory, each time the back-and-forth movement between equilibrium and
disequilibrium occurs,
A)children regress to a previous stage of development.
B)less effective schemes are produced.
C)children adapt more than they organize.
D)more effective schemes are produced.
One reason that the psychoanalytic perspective is no longer in the mainstream of child
development research is because
A)many psychoanalytic ideas, such as ego functioning, are too vague to be tested
empirically.
B)psychoanalytic theorists accept the clinical method in which age-related averages
represent typical development.
C)modern researchers have demonstrated that personality development does not take place
in stages.
D)it failed to consider the early parent-child relationship, which is central to modern
theories.
The most rapid prenatal changes take place during the
A)germinal period.
B)period of the fetus.
C)period of the embryo.
D)final trimester.
In industrialized nations, the leading cause of infant mortality between 1 week and 12
months is
A)birth trauma.
B)congenital defects.
C)child abuse.
D)sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Results of Jerome Kagan’s longitudinal research on the development of shyness and
sociability found that
A)about 70 percent of 4-month-olds were easily upset by novelty.
B)nearly all of the extreme groups retained their temperamental styles as they get older.
C)most children’s dispositions became less extreme over time.
D)as infants, more children were shy than were highly sociable.
A person in Piaget’s formal operational stage
A)can come up with general logical rules through internal reflection.
B)is able to use inductive reasoning for the first time.
C)can “operate on reality” and will eventually learn to “operate on operations.”
D)has just learned that hypotheses must be confirmed by appropriate evidence.
Which of the following statements about the impact of peer interaction on moral
understanding is true?
A)Peer interaction in adolescence often interferes with advanced moral understanding.
B)Teenagers who report more close friendships lag behind in moral understanding.
C)Interaction among peers who present differing viewpoints promotes moral
understanding.
D)Intergroup contact affects minority adolescents morally more so than majority
adolescents.