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Due to its contribution to later academic performance, readiness for kindergarten must be
assessed in terms of not only academic skills but also
A)language skills.
B)social skills.
C)emotional understanding.
D)effortful control.
When Samer was born, stimulation in his brain resulted in a massive overabundance of
synapses. Neurons that were seldom stimulated soon lost their synapses. This process is
known as
A)myelination.
B)synaptic pruning.
C)neuroimaging.
D)neurotransmission.
Heather is lining up crayons in order from shortest to longest. This skill is known as
A)continuum of acquisition.
B)decentration.
C)conservation of length.
D)seriation.
Gains in __________ permit preschoolers to generate increasingly complex play and
problem-solving goals.
A)planning ability
B)working memory
C)episodic memory
D)metacognition
Chromosomes
A)store and transmit genetic information.
B)come in 46 matching pairs.
C)are inherited from the mother only.
D)are inherited from the father only.
Three-month-old Jefferson will probably listen longer to __________ than to __________.
A)pure tones; voices
B)pure tones; noises
C)human speech; nonspeech sounds
D)a foreign language; his native language
Which of the following two major theories emphasize emotional and social development?
A)the psychoanalytic perspective and ethology
B)ethology and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory
C)behaviorism and the dynamic systems perspective
D)ecological systems theory and social learning theory
Jonathan views himself as reaching great heights of omnipotence and also sinking to
unusual depths of despair. Which of the following cognitive distortions contribute to
Jonathan's views?
A)the personal fable
B)learned helplessness
C)the imaginary audience
D)metacognition
Elisabeth is a preschooler who spends much of her time in sociodramatic play. She is
likely to be seen as __________ by observers than peers who do not participate in
sociodramatic play.
A)more cognitively competent
B)more socially competent
C)less creative
D)less verbal
Kevin, a sexually active teen, has fluid-filled blisters on his genitals, a high fever, and a
severe headache. Kevin's doctor will probably find that Kevin has
A) chlamydia.
B) gonorrhea.
C)syphilis.
D)herpes simplex 2.
Continuous fetal monitoring
A)measures the baby's blood oxygen levels during labor.
B)is required in most U.S. hospitals and used in over 85 percent of U.S. births.
C)is linked to a decreased rate of cesarean deliveries.
D)reduces the rate of infant brain damage and death in all pregnancies.
Discuss direct and indirect influences on family functioning, and provide an example of
each.
Describe the four identity statuses described by James Marcia, and cite factors that
promote identity development.
Define resilience, and describe the factors that seem to offer protection from the damaging
effects of stressful life events.
Describe ways parents and caregivers can soothe a crying baby, and explain how or why
each technique works.
Explain how young people find lasting intimate relationships. How does partner similarity
contribute to long-term relationships?
Using Thomas and Chess's model of temperament, identify and describe the three
categories of children. Do all children fit into one of these categories? Explain.
Describe the long-term consequences of pubertal timing, especially for early-maturing
girls. What are some possible reasons for the difficulties early-maturing girls face?
What are teratogens? What factors determine their impact?
List some interventions for chronically ill children that foster positive family relationships,
help parents and children cope with the disease, and improve adjustment.
Cite reasons that some women do not seek prenatal care.
