Which of the following individuals is the most likely to have an especially hard time
following a divorce?
A) Anna, who has always had a full-time job
B) Rico, who has custody of his three children
C) Beatrice, who was a homemaker throughout her marriage
D) Trent, who has a prestigious career
Toddlers who sleep alone and experience frequent daytime separations from their
parents
A) usually develop an insecure attachment to their parents.
B) sometimes develop strong emotional ties to comfort objects, such as blankets and
stuffed animals.
C) are at-risk for disorganized/disoriented attachment.
D) may develop a secure attachment to their child-care provider but have trouble
bonding with their parents.
Inactivity is __________ excessive weight gain in children.
A) unrelated to
B) both a cause and consequence of
C) more important than nutrition in predicting
D) caused by serious hormonal imbalances and predicts
Researchers believe that odor perception __________ with age.
A) increases
B) wanes and becomes distorted
C) becomes more discriminating
D) does not change
Andrew received a combined Apgar score of 5. This means that Andrew
A) is in good physical condition.
B) needs assistance in establishing breathing and other vital signs.
C) is in serious danger and should receive emergency medical attention.
D) was in danger at birth, but quickly recovered and is now in good physical condition.
Which of the following statements about sibling relationships in middle adulthood is
true?
A) As siblings grow older, good relationships often get worse and poor relationships get
better.
B) Baby-boom brothers are not as warm and expressive in middle age as those of the
preceding cohort.
C) Despite reduced contact, many siblings feel closer in midlife, often in response to
major life events.
D) In industrialized nations, sibling relationships are generally involuntary.
The abnormal ApoE4 gene is the most commonly known risk factor for
A) familial Alzheimer’s disease.
B) vascular dementia.
C) sporadic Alzheimer’s disease.
D) Parkinson’s disease.
About _____ percent of North American and Western European teenage girls are
affected by anorexia nervosa.
A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7
Which of the following statements regarding handedness is true?
A) For the majority of individuals, handedness is inherited from the mother’s side of the
family.
B) Ordinary siblings are more likely than identical or fraternal twins to differ in
handedness.
C) Left-handedness occurs more frequently among people with mental retardation and
mental illness than in the general population.
D) Right-handed children are more likely than their left-handed agemates to develop
outstanding verbal and mathematical talents.
Which of the following statements about language development is true?
A) Babies typically say their first words around 6 months of age.
B) By age 6, children understand the meaning of about 1,000 words.
C) Sometime between 12 and 15 months, most babies combine two words.
D) By age 6, most children speak in elaborate sentences and are skilled
conversationalists.
Follow-up research indicates that even though preschoolers have difficulty with
Piagetian class inclusion tasks, they
A) have very complex category systems.
B) organize their everyday knowledge into nested categories at an early age.
C) are capable of abstract reasoning.
D) cannot use logic or causal reasoning to form global categories.
Research on children’s ability to provide eyewitness testimony in legal situations shows
that
A) children younger than age 5 or 6 are unable to provide legally relevant, accurate
details about experienced events.
B) there are no reliable age differences in children’s resistance to misleading
questioning.
C) children are rarely misled into fabricating false details in response to repeated,
suggestive questioning.
D) the more distinctive and personally relevant an event is, the more likely children are
to recall it accurately over time.
Social-interactionsts emphasize that
A) a language acquisition device helps children rapidly learn new words.
B) children’s social skills and language experiences are centrally involved in language
development.
C) brain regions housing language also govern similar perceptual and cognitive
abilities.
D) a single system of grammar underlies all languages.
Which of the following statements about men who choose nontraditional careers is
true?
A) Their co-workers often assume that they are less knowledgeable than they actually
are.
B) They have fewer opportunities than their female co-workers to move into
supervisory positions.
C) They usually report feeling socially accepted while in training and on the job.
D) They are more likely than females in their fields to change jobs often, eventually
settling on more traditional careers.
While 80-year-old Naomi’s contemporaries have died, she faces the reality of death
constructively through efforts to make life more secure, meaningful, and gratifying for
younger generations. According to Peck, Naomi has attained
A) body transcendence.
B) ego transcendence.
C) ego differentiation.
D) future differentiation.
In Substage 5 of the sensorimotor period, toddlers
A) create mental representations.
B) repeat chance behaviors largely motivated by basic needs.
C) repeat behaviors with variation.
D) arrive at solutions suddenly rather than through trial-and-error.
Quinn knows that he should group items when memorizing lists, but he does not always
do so. Quinn is not yet good at
A) selective attention.
B) flexibility of attention.
C) metacognition.
D) cognitive self-regulation.
Frank and Derol are both college students. Derol is functioning at a higher moral
reasoning level than Frank. Which of the following statements is the most likely to be
true?
A) Derol is just as likely as Frank to cheat on tests.
B) Frank is more likely than Derol to act prosocially.
C) Frank is more likely than Derol to display behavior that is in line with his beliefs.
D) Derol is more likely than Frank to defend victims of injustice.
Which of the following statements about the psychological impact of attending college
is true?
A) The type of four-year institution attended makes little difference in psychological
outcomes or even in ultimate career success and earnings.
B) Cognitive growth is greater at a four-year institution than at a two-year community
college.
C) The best psychological outcomes, the greatest career successes, and the highest
earnings are found in individuals who attended highly selective, private universities.
D) Research shows that there are only limited psychological changes that occur in
college students from the freshman to the senior year.
When reports indicate that many children are not achieving well in school, the state
government grants more tax money to school districts. This is an example of a(n)
__________ policy.
A) individualistic
B) collectivist
C) public
D) socialistic
Which of the following is strongly canalized?
A) personality
B) intelligence
C) infant motor development
D) athletic ability
Which of the following 22-year-olds is the most likely to experience emerging
adulthood?
A) Pramada, a middle-SES female in India
B) Percy, a high-SES male in the United Kingdom
C) Huan, a low-SES female in China
D) Albert, a high school dropout in the United States
Pramada attends a child-care program that stresses formal academic training. As a
result, Pramada is more likely to __________ than peers who attend a child-centered
program.
A) show significant gains in IQ throughout her school years
B) display a decrease in motivation and emotional well-being
C) have better study habits
D) prefer more challenging tasks
According to George Vaillant, which factor outweighs the others with regards to
predicting a happy, active old age?
A) parental SES
B) family warmth in childhood
C) early physical health
D) use of effective coping strategies
If a family history of mental retardation, psychological disorders, physical defects, or
inherited diseases exists, a genetic counselor prepares a __________, which identifies
affected relatives in a couple’s family tree.
A) pedigree
B) carrier detector
C) prenatal diagnosis
D) genetic diagnosis
To inspect Jasmine’s fetus for defects of the limbs and face, as well as to allow a sample
of fetal blood to be obtained, permitting diagnosis of hemophilia and sickle cell anemia,
her doctor should use
A) amniocentesis.
B) chorionic villus sampling.
C) ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging.
D) fetoscopy.
One reason that the majority of children prenatally exposed to nicotine are at high risk
for learning and behavior problems is that the DD genotype is
A) rare.
B) the only gene that contributes to ADHD symptoms.
C) widespread.
D) impossible to study.
Cross-cultural research on memory indicates that
A) people in non-Western cultures who lack formal schooling do not use or benefit
from instruction in memory strategies.
B) in all cultures, effective use of memory strategies is required for day-to-day problem
solving.
C) people in non-Western cultures who lack formal schooling are especially likely to
benefit from instruction in memory strategies.
D) memory strategies develop in a universal sequence among all cultures studied.
Which of the following statements about suicide in late adulthood is true?
A) More older women than older men take their own lives.
B) Ethnic minority older adults have higher suicide rates than the white majority.
C) Failed suicides are much rarer in old age than in adolescence.
D) Medical examiners are more likely to pursue suicide as a cause of death when a
person is old.
About 30 percent of U.S. preschoolers
A) lack essential immunizations.
B) are fully immunized.
C) receive mercury-free immunizations.
D) sustain frequent childhood injuries.
Fifteen-year-old Mary has become critical of her parents and siblings, yet envisions a
world with no injustice or discrimination. This is typical of the __________ that
manifests during the development of abstract reasoning.
A) idealism
B) imaginary audience
C) personal fable
D) metacognition
The main reason for limiting saturated fats is that they are strongly connected with
A) decreased fertility.
B) development of stomach ulcers.
C) cardiovascular disease.
D) production of free radicals.
During a conversation, 4-year-old Maleeka will
A) adjust her speech to fit the age, sex, and social status of her listener.
B) dominate the discussion, not allowing the other person to speak.
C) give more specific directions in person than over the phone.
D) avoid using gestures and objects to help sustain the discussion.
Which of the following statements about children grieving the loss of a parent or sibling
is true?
A) Children grieving the loss of a parent or sibling suffer fewer physical symptoms than
adults grieving the loss of a partner or child.
B) Many children say they actively maintain mental contact with their dead parent or
sibling, dreaming about and speaking to them regularly.
C) Typically, children experience physical symptoms of grief for a few weeks and then
experience more internal symptoms.
D) In follow-up studies, children report that they rarely think about the deceased parent
or sibling after one to three years.