Research on gender differences in identity development reveals that
A)boys tend to focus on intimacy development before they become concerned with
establishing an identity.
B)girls show less sophisticated reasoning than boys in identity domains related to intimacy.
C)young people of both sexes typically make progress on identity concerns before
experiencing genuine intimacy in romantic relationships.
D)young people of both sexes who are identity-diffused are more likely to experience
intimacy in romantic relationships.
Who is most likely to influence children’s athletic attitudes and capabilities?
A)peers
B)parents
C)coaches
D)teachers
__________ improves the efficiency of message transfer.
A)Stimulation
B)Synaptic pruning
C)Tomography
D)Myelination
Most preschoolers believe that
A)women cannot be police officers.
B)men can wear kilts.
C)women can play roughly.
D)men can take care of babies.
Which of the following mothers is most likely to actively discourage rapid motor
development?
A)Elyse, a Canadian mother
B)Indira, a West Indian mother
C)Biyaki, a Gusii mother
D)Cheruiyot, a Kipsigis mother
Which of the following individuals is most likely to have achieved commitment within
relativistic thinking?
A) Aisling, who earned her GED at age 20
B) Jessica, who earned an associate’s degree
C) Deondre, who just graduated with a bachelor’s degree
D) Martin, who is pursuing a PhD degree
A study showed that students who had both academic and mental health problems during
middle school typically __________ after the transition to high school.
A)show academic improvement
B)show increased out-of-school problem behaviors
C)experience an increase in self-esteem
D)have fewer mental health problems
An investigator wanted to speak candidly with high school students about their use of
substances. He felt that the students would be more honest if their parents were unaware
that they were participating in the study. If the investigator chooses to interview the
students without their parents€ knowledge, he will violate which of the following
children€s research rights?
A)privacy
B)protection from harm
C)informed consent
D)beneficial treatments
Children who are expert in an area
A)are usually highly motivated.
B)acquire knowledge slowly, but accurately.
C)know the information inherently, without prior experience.
D)have difficulty organizing information.
Lee, an academically gifted young woman, is especially talented in math and science. In
college, Lee is likely to
A)find that she is simply unable to grasp the complex, abstract math and science concepts.
B)find added support from professors interested in breaking down barriers to women in
STEM fields.
C)continue to excel compared to her male and female peers, as she did in high school.
D)see her career aspirations decline as many will question her capacity to succeed in
male-dominated fields.
Janetta and four friends chose a vocational track in high school, similar to the path their
parents had chosen. None of these students was interested in going to college. They will
A)have a number of alternatives for vocational counseling and job placement as they
transition from school to work.
B)have little competition from college-educated workers for entry-level positions.
C)have fewer work opportunities than their parents did several decades ago.
D)have more work opportunities available to them than their parents did.
Casey repeatedly engages in out-of-control binge eating but does not purge afterwards.
Casey probably suffers from
A)compulsive overeating.
B)binge-eating disorder.
C)bulimia nervosa.
D)anorexia nervosa.
Which of the following children is most at risk for delinquency in adolescence and
criminality in adulthood?
A)David, an average child
B)Marie, a rejected child
C)Leo, a controversial child
D)Lisa, a popular child
Preschoolers whose parents offer suggestions, questions, and comments that help the child
overcome frustration and sustain direction on a challenging task
A)are more mature when reassessed a year or two later.
B)have difficulty forming friendships in the early school years.
C)tend to be delayed in problem solving and planning activities.
D)are more socially mature than they are cognitively mature.
Ms. Setzer provides her second graders with opportunities to communicate in many
situations. Her students show gains in the communicative side of language. Ms. Setzer
emphasizes
A)pragmatics.
B)semantics.
C)grammar.
D)syntax.
When practicing induction, warnings, disapproval, and commands are
A)strictly forbidden.
B)sometimes necessary.
C)often inconducive to the inductive message.
D)poorly received by the child.
The fact that postconventional morality is so rare poses a key challenge to Kohlberg’s
theory because
A)these stages do not adequately represent the morality of boys and men.
B)if people must reach Stages 5 and 6 to be considered truly morally mature, few
individuals anywhere would measure up.
C)research on moral development has been limited by insufficient attention to rights and
justice.
D)advancing to postconventional morality is unrelated to participation in higher education.
An investigation of more than 17,000 youths in China found that depression is
A)more common in boys than in girls.
B)more common in urban areas than in rural areas.
C)unrelated to stressful life events.
D)more common in adolescents with a “feminine” gender identity.
The extent to which parents ________ contributes strongly to early language process,
which, in turn, predicts intelligence and academic achievement in elementary school.
A)engage their children in physical activity
B)watch educational television with their children
C)converse with their infants and toddlers
D)take part in make-believe play with their children
Which of the following statements is supported by research on sex differences in motor
skills?
A)Sex differences in motor skills increase with age, but they remain small throughout
childhood.
B)Sex differences in motor skills are largely due to genetically based differences.
C)Boys’ greater overall physical maturity may be partly responsible for their better balance
and precision of movement.
D)From an early age, boys and girls are usually channeled into similar physical activities.