Chromosome number is reduced during:
a. mitosis.
b. recombination.
c. translation.
d. meiosis.
Children living at high altitudes develop a larger chest cavity by adulthood than
children living at lower altitudes. This is an example of:
a. environmental adaptations that occur at the individual level.
b. acclimatization at the individual level.
c. developmental adaptations that occur at the level of the individual during critical life
stages.
d. inheritance of increases in lung volume by high-altitude populations.
The discoverer of Homo erectus was:
a. Louis Leakey.
b. Richard Leakey.
c. Eugne Dubois.
d. Ernst Haeckel.
Approximately _________ of urban populations reside in slums without access to basic
sanitation.
a. 10%
b. 75%
c. 40%
d. 25%
Boas proposed that anthropologists could learn about though careful observation and
attention.
a. race, morality, and primitive religions
b. primitive humans and their societies
c. morality, human variation, and cultures
d. cultures, societies, and peoples’ biology
A symptom of anemia where spongy bone invades the eye sockets is called:
a. hyperosteitis.
b. trabeculitis.
c. orbital arthritis.
d. cribra orbitalia.
Microsatellites are:
a. small satellite transmitters used in genetic research.
b. useful for determining group but not individual identification.
c. highly individualized repetitive stretches of nuclear DNA.
d. known from Watson and Crick’s 1950s research.
Which of the following is NOT an ideal environment for fossilization?
a. mud
b. acidic soil (as in a jungle)
c. sand
d. rock
Together, all of the alleles contained within a group of interbreeding individuals is
known as a:
a. gene pool.
b. population.
c. clinal distribution.
d. polymorphism.
Transcription:
a. occurs in the nucleus.
b. occurs in the ribosome.
c. results in the production of proteins.
d. results in the transformation of mitochondria.
The scientific method:
a. relies on making hunches about the natural world.
b. involves empirical data collection and hypothesis testing.
c. is used to support preconceived notions or theories.
d. seeks to establish the absolute scientific truth.
Like that of Dryopithecus, a modern gorilla mandible has:
a. sharp high crests on the teeth.
b. large canines and no diastema.
c. a Y-5 molar pattern and Sinodonty.
d. a Y-5 molar pattern, low rounded cusps, large canines, and a diastema.
The diversity of the hominins included increasingly specialized:
a. locomotion.
b. social patterns.
c. body sizes.
d. diets.
Parasitic infections are a primary cause of __________in many regions of the globe.
a. iron-deficiency anemia
b. Staphylococcus aureus
c. treponematoses
d. endemic disease
The earliest fossil evidence for Homo erectus in Western Europe dates from:
a. 1.6 mya, from Sima de los Heusos.
b. .3 mya, from France.
c. 1.6 mya, from Dmanisi, Georgia.
d. 1.2 mya, from Sima del Elefante.
Paleontologists find a fossil ape with long arms. What type of environment can they
infer it inhabited?
a. savannah
b. woodland
c. grassland
d. swamp
Gregor Mendel’s discovery of the principles of inheritance contributed to the field of:
a. psychology.
b. paleontology.
c. zoology.
d. biology.
After the 1960s, children in rural Oaxaca developed shorter, rounder heads and
narrower faces. This is likely related to:
a. increased intelligence.
b. higher amounts of protein in the diet.
c. softer, more processed corn and other foods.
d. none of the above
What is the basic difference between relative and absolute dating?
a. the use of species
b. the use of bones and teeth
c. the use of an actual number of years
d. the use of wood
Traits of anatomically modern humans include:
a. a robust build of the postcranial skeleton.
b. large browridges.
c. an average cranial capacity of 750 cc.
d. a “globular” brain case.
A round cross section of a long bone suggests that:
a. the bone will have greater strength through one of its axes.
b. the bone will have less strength though its y-axis.
c. the bone will have equal strength in all directions.
d. the bone will break given a small amount of tension.
During crucial periods of human evolution, the Pleistocene was characterized by:
a. massive glaciation, then warm interglacials.
b. high humidity.
c. aridity then humidity.
d. glaciation then aridity.
Bipedalism is considered one of the hallmarks of hominid evolution because:
a. it was the first evolutionary development that distinguished humans from other
animals.
b. it was possible only after the advent of simple material culture.
c. it followed brain expansion in human evolution.
d. it allowed hominids to come out of the trees and make tools 10 mya.
Among all primates, humans have:
a. the largest body relative to other animals.
b. the greatest level of biological adaptability.
c. the largest body size.
d. the largest brain relative to body size.
Which of the following are NOT known primate residence patterns?
a. one-male, multifemale; all-male; solitary
b. one-female, multimale; one-male, multifemale; one-male, one-female
c. one-male, multifemale; multimale, multifemale; solitary
d. all-female; multimale, one female; solitary
A publication in the year 2020 reports on the results of autopsies of elderly people in
three cultures. Of individuals in the study, 90% showed signs of osteoporotic fractures
and osteoporosis. The researchers suggest that in these cultures:
a. longevity of individuals is decreasing.
b. longevity of individuals is increasing.
c. fewer dairy products were consumed than by individuals in other cultures, leading to
bone conditions.
d. interpersonal violence leading to the fractures was more common.
Modern diseases made possible by overcrowding include, but are not limited to:
a. measles, mumps, and cholera.
b. smallpox and influenza.
c. chicken pox.
d. both a. and b.
The melting of glaciers and the polar ice caps poses a devastating threat of potential
flooding for low-lying areas. Scientists predict that a sea level rise of_________would
inundate areas such as the delta regions of Africa and Asia, peninsular Florida,
Bangladesh, and most major coastal cities.
a. 10 meters
b. 4″6 millimeters
c. 4″6 meters
d. none of the above
Fission track dating can provide dates when used on which type of material?
a. sedimentary rock
b. shell
c. bone
d. igneous rock
Vocalization in chimp groups:
a. occurs only to communicate a food source.
b. exists only among the dominant hierarchies.
c. sounds like howls and growls.
d. is unique to specific groups or regions.
Which of the following is NOT a genetic disorder that decreases susceptibility to
malaria?
a. G6PD deficiency (favism)
b. sickle-cell anemia
c. Huntington’s chorea
d. thalassemia
The shift from the Miocene, which had greater diversity of ape species and fewer
monkey species, to a living assemblage with greater diversity of monkey species and
fewer ape species may be the result of:
a. global climate changes that resulted in cooler, wetter environments less optimal for
ape species.
b. differences in ability to exploit the habitats that resulted after a change in global
climate.
c. cooler climates, where it is more difficult to preserve larger ape fossils.
d. declines in ape diversity, caused by competition from hominin species.