Dmitri, age 5, suffers from extreme emotional deprivation. He is very short in stature,
shows decreased secretion of growth hormone (GH) and melatonin, has an immature
skeletal age, and displays serious adjustment problems. These are typical characteristics of
A)a vitamin C deficiency.
B)psychosocial dwarfism.
C)inadequate thyroxine.
D)an iron deficiency.
Most theories agree that
A)a child’s morality is regulated by inner standards from birth.
B)truly moral individuals do the right thing to conform to others’ expectations.
C)at first, a child’s morality is externally controlled by adults.
D)conscience does not begin to take shape until age 7.
Dioxin seems to impair the fertility of __________ prior to conception.
A)X-bearing ova
B)Y-bearing sperm
C)X-bearing sperm
D)Y-bearing ova
In cultures with little interest in art,
A)children nonetheless create elaborate drawings.
B)children still draw the universal tadpole image to represent a person.
C)the first drawings of the human figure typically emphasize the head and face.
D)even older children and adolescents produce simple forms.
Follow-up research on Piaget’s sensorimotor stage yields broad agreement on which of the
following issues?
A)Many cognitive changes of infancy are stagelike.
B)Most aspects of infant cognition develop together.
C)Many cognitive changes of infancy are gradual and continuous.
D)Most aspects of infant cognition develop abruptly.
In a study of the impact of class size on elementary school children, placing teacher’s aides
in regular-size classes
A)raised math scores.
B)raised reading scores.
C)had no impact.
D)predicted higher graduation rates.
Which of the following statements about chronically ill children is true?
A)About 10 percent of U.S. children suffer from severe chronic illnesses.
B)Children with chronic illnesses usually outperform agemates on academic progress.
C)A strong link exists between good family functioning and child well-being for
chronically ill children.
D)Most chronically ill children fare well in emotional and social adjustment.
In infants who have experienced birth trauma,
A)sleep behavior is organized and patterned.
B)disturbed REM-NREM sleep cycles are often present.
C)REM sleep is filled with vivid dreams.
D)sleep-wake cycles are affected more by darkness-light than by fullness-hunger.
Which of the following statements regarding the intergenerational continuity of
adolescent pregnancy and parenthood is true?
A)Becoming a second-generation teenage parent is inevitable for individuals born to an
adolescent mother.
B)Intergenerational continuity in adolescent daughters is far greater when teenage
mothers marry.
C)Marriage may limit the negative impact of teenage childbearing on development by
reducing family stress.
D)Adolescent parenthood does not increase the chances of teenage childbearing in the
next generation.
Between 3 and 5 months, babies can
A)discriminate positive from negative emotion in voices.
B)match faces with voices on the basis of lip-voice synchrony.
C)discriminate positive from negative emotion in faces.
D)remember the unique face-voice pairings of unfamiliar adults.
In one study, more active fetuses during the third trimester became 2-year-olds who
A)were easily overwhelmed by sensory stimulation.
B)had trouble establishing a regular sleep-wake pattern.
C)had irregular eating schedules.
D)were less fearful.
Keegan was given a test score that indicates the extent to which his raw score deviates
from the typical performance of same-age individuals. Keegan’s test score is known as a(n)
A)normal distribution.
B)intelligence quotient (IQ).
C)screening quotient.
D)standardization sample.
Lanugo appears over the entire body during the __________ of pregnancy.
A)second month
B)third month
C)second trimester
D)third trimester
Carter is highly talented and accomplished in art and music. His parents are likely to
A)be warm, sensitive, and reasonably demanding.
B)be highly intelligent.
C)arrange for rigorous, demanding teachers when he is young.
D)have strict rules and high expectations.
Fathers
A)are not as responsive as mothers to their infant’s social needs.
B)engage in more highly stimulating physical play with their daughters than with sons.
C)report feeling less anxiety than mothers about daily separations.
D)in the United States devote just over 4 hours per workday to children.
Define and provide an example of niche-picking.
Why are ethical concerns heightened when children take part in research? How is informed
consent used with children?
What is lateralization of the brain, and why does it occur?
What is inductive discipline, and how does it motivate children’s active commitment to
moral standards?
Identify the three basic issues on which theories of child development take a stand, and
briefly describe the opposing views taken on each basic issue.
Explain dynamic systems theory of motor development.
Bethany, age 3, spends, a large amount of time engaged in make-believe play. Her parents
are especially concerned because Bethany has a pair of imaginary mice that she talks to
and talks about. Bethany’s grandmother believes that this is a sign of maladjustment. What
can you tell Bethany’s parents and grandmother that might ease their minds?
Describe the signs that indicate that labor is near.
Ms. Aragon and her young son recently moved to the United States from Mexico. She is
considering whether to enroll him in a bilingual education program or immerse him in
an English-only school. How would you advise her?