Which of the following statements about morality is true?
A)Adolescents and adults mention relying on intuition as their most frequent strategy for
resolving moral dilemmas.
B)Adolescents rarely report feeling confused or torn by temptation when confronting
real-life dilemmas.
C)Situational factors seem to play a very small part in people’s responses to moral
dilemmas.
D)Real-life conflicts often elicit moral reasoning below a person’s actual capacity.
Kwame’s parents are immigrants. As children, they suffered from long periods of food
deprivation. As a result, they pressure Kwame to eat. This practice could
A) lead Kwame to establish a higher basal metabolism rate.
B) disrupt Kwame’s appetite control centers in his brain.
C) undermine Kwame’s ability to regulate his own food intake.
D) ensure that Kwame eats a well-balanced diet.
In her efforts to develop a separate sense of self, Juanita tries to rely more on herself and
less on her parents for support and guidance. She is striving for
A)moral self-relevance.
B)an ideal self.
C)a secure identity.
D)autonomy.
Pregnant women are wise to avoid __________ to reduce the likelihood of mercury
exposure.
A)getting X-rays
B)changing cat litter boxes
C)painting
D)eating long-lived predatory fish
Bulous is 20 months old and was recently weaned. He has an unbalanced diet very low
in protein. Bulous has an enlarged belly, swollen feet, a skin rash, and thinning hair.
Bulous most likely has
A)iron-deficiency anemia.
B)kwashiorkor.
C)nonorganic failure to thrive.
D)marasmus.
Professor Hardwick is interested in the strong affectionate tie children have with special
people in their lives that leads them to experience pleasure and joy when they interact with
those people and to be comforted by their nearness in times of stress. Professor Hardwick
studies
A)attachment.
B)goodness of fit.
C)temperament.
D)sociocultural theory.
In the 1950s, a famous experiment of rhesus monkeys reared with terry-cloth and
wire-mesh ‘surrogate mothers” provided evidence that
A)attachment does not depend on hunger satisfaction.
B)the infant’s characteristics play the largest role in the relationship.
C)sensitive caregiving is key to the development of a secure attachment pattern.
D)attachment security in infancy is highly dependent on hunger satisfaction.
The social smile
A)first appears during REM sleep.
B)is evoked by parent-child interaction.
C)emerges during the second week of life.
D)first appears in response to dynamic, eye-catching sights.
Compared with past generations, children today spend less time
A)gathering informally on sidewalks.
B)in adult-organized sports.
C)watching television.
D)playing video games.
In incomplete dominance,
A)both alleles are expressed in the phenotype.
B)children have a 25 percent chance of being carriers.
C)children have a 50 percent chance of inheriting the disorder.
D)one allele is expressed in the phenotype.
Which of the following statements about child care in the United States is true?
A)Most child-care centers require that caregivers have special training in child
development.
B)Child-care centers are nationally regulated and funded to ensure their quality.
C)In studies of quality, about 20 to 25 percent of child-care centers offer substandard care.
D)Child-care standards are set by the individual states and vary widely.
Akna is short and stocky. She probably lives in a
A)cold, Arctic area.
B)disease-ridden region.
C)wealthy nation.
D)tropical locale.
Cross-cultural research suggests that
A)compared to non-Western societies, comprehension of conservation in Western
societies is greatly delayed.
B)Non-Western and Western children attain conservation at about the same age.
C)taking part in everyday activities helps children master conservation and other
Piagetian problems.
D)conservation is not a relevant concept in non-Western societies.
Which of the following is more likely to be found in shy children than in sociable
children?
A)a higher heart rate from the first few weeks of life
B)lower levels of amygdala activity in response to novel stimuli
C)lower levels of saliva concentrations of cortisol
D)a drop in blood pressure when faced with novelty
Which of the following statements is consistent with the proximodistal trend of body
growth?
A)During the prenatal period, the head develops more rapidly than the lower part of the
body.
B)During infancy and childhood, the body grows from “head to tail.”
C)During the prenatal period, the trunk grows first, followed by the chest and the head.
D)During infancy and childhood, the arms and legs grow somewhat ahead of the hands
and feet.
Evan covers his eyes when the Wicked Witch of the West appears on the screen while he is
watching The Wizard of Oz. Evan is using
A)a secure base.
B)emotional self-regulation.
C)social referencing.
D)self-soothing.
When forging a committed relationship, emerging adults
A) often rely on feedback from friends regarding romantic partners.
B) take their time, as many say they do not feel ready to make this choice.
C) choose mates who their families and friends would not approve.
D) are relunctant to “date around,” as many say they feel pressure to marry quickly.
Ty’s dad is a lawyer and his mom is an business executive. To which of the following
occupations is Ty most likely to aspire?
A)receptionist
B)doctor
C)painter
D)bus driver
Erikson regarded play as a means through which
A)children escape from the demands of their lives into a fantasy world.
B)preschoolers symbolically represent their unconscious wishes and desires.
C)children seek to avoid punishment and maintain the affection of parents.
D)young children learn about themselves and their social world.