Gene flow differs from genetic drift because it is the:
a. random change in the frequency of alleles.
b. random change in a gene or chromosome.
c. guiding force of evolution.
d. spread of new genetic material from one gene pool to another.
Vocalization in chimp groups:
a. occurs only to communicate a food source.
b. exists only among those high up in the dominance hierarchy.
c. sounds like howls and growls.
d. is unique to specific groups or regions.
Grooming involves:
a. the development of alliances between females only.
b. the development of alliances between males only.
c. bonding between individuals of the same rank, picking through the skin and hair of
another individual.
d. bonding between two members of a social group, calming or appeasing the primate
being groomed if he or she has a higher dominance.
Homo erectus walked just like a modern human, with traits like:
a. long legs and opposable toes.
b. double arches and an adducted big toe.
c. long arms.
d. a foramen magnum at the back of the skull.
The typical dental formula of lorises and lemurs is:
a. 2 / 1 / 3 / 3.
b. 1 / 1 / 3 / 3.
c. 2 / 1 / 3 / 2.
d. 2 / 1 / 2 / 3.
A feature unique to human teeth and human ancestors’ teeth is:
a. the presence of a canine-premolar honing complex.
b. a canine that shows no wear on any surface.
c. the Y-5 cusp pattern.
d. a canine that shows wear on the tip.
During the Holocene artifacts like _______ began to appear.
a. bones and teeth
b. ceramics
c. shells
d. wooden objects
Physical anthropologists seek to study:
a. humans from a cultural perspective.
b. humans from a biological perspective only.
c. humans from a biological and cultural perspective.
d. human behavior only.
What was the cause of the biological change in the indigenous people of St. Catherines
Island after AD 1000?
a. They became sedentary and had less food to eat because they stayed in the same area.
b. They became sedentary and consumed more corn, which caused dental disease due to
its high sugar content.
c. They became sedentary and did not have enough exercise to keep their bodies fit and
healthy.
d. They continued as nomads, but loss of animals due to climate change created a
decline in their food source.
Variation in predator-specific vocalizations in the monkeys of the Tai Forest includes:
a. stress calls between kin only.
b. mating calls between dominant primates only.
c. two different alarm calls indicating another group of chimpanzees or humans.
d. two different loud alarm calls in response to predators, aerial and terrestrial.
What effect does natural selection have on population variation?
a. It increases variation.
b. It decreases variation.
c. It both increases and decreases variation.
d. It does not affect variation.
Eugne Dubois was one of the first researchers in the nineteenth century who used the
scientific method to test the hypothesis of early human ancestors in Asia with:
a. fossil evidence.
b. comparative anatomy.
c. genetics.
d. archaeological remains.
In his work on pea plants, Mendel found that plant height was inherited independently
of the type or color of the seed coat. This finding:
a. applies only to genes on the same chromosome.
b. demonstrates the law of independent assortment.
c. explains gene linkage.
d. explains inheritance only in simple organisms.
In his experiments with garden peas, Mendel found that one physical unit is inherited
from the father and one from the mother. This provided evidence for:
a. Mendel’s law of independent assortment.
b. Thomas Hunt Morgan’s ideas of mutation.
c. Mendel’s law of segregation.
d. Mendel’s concept of nondisjunction.
In an ape, the space between the upper lateral incisor and the canine that accommodates
a large, projecting lower canine is a:
a. dental gap.
b. gingival space.
c. mesial bridge.
d. diastema.
Neandertals’ cold-adapted traits include:
a. a narrow nasal aperture.
b. long limbs.
c. a wide torso.
d. a projecting midface.
While on an archaeological dig in Europe, you find a stone tool that is rounded on one
side and has had flakes removed from the other side, giving it the appearance of a
tortoise shell. This is likely
to be a(n):
a. prepared core typical of prehistoric modern humans that inhabited this region.
b. example of the Levallois technique of Homo erectus.
c. completed tool that is similar to those you have seen from the Solutrean toolkit.
d. none of the above
A study of Galapagos finches after a long period of drought found that all species of
finch on one of the islands had wide beaks well adapted to breaking open seeds. The
type of evolution that leads to this phenotype distribution is _______ selection.
a. directional
b. natural
c. disruptive
d. stabilizing
Allen’s rule indicates that humans will have:
a. larger lungs in hot environments and smaller lungs in cold environments.
b. smaller bodies in cold environments and larger bodies in hot environments.
c. longer limbs in hot environments and shorter limbs in cold environments.
d. taller bodies in cold environments and shorter bodies in hot environments.
Traits of anatomically modern humans include:
a. a robust build of the postcranial skeleton.
b. large browridges.
c. an average cranial capacity of 1,500 cc.
d. a long and low brain case.
The long limb measurements of Turkana pastoralists indicate that the population:
a. is on the continuum of variation observed in Allen’s rule.
b. represents the variability that results from Wolff’s law of skeletal replacement.
c. has body proportions that are not well adapted to warmer climates.
d. is well adapted for life at high latitudes, as Allen’s rule predicts for pastoralist
populations.
Modern diseases made possible by overcrowding include, but are not limited to:
a. measles, mumps, and cholera.
b. smallpox and influenza.
c. chicken pox.
d. both a. and b.
James Hutton is associated primarily with:
a. adaptation.
b. catastrophism.
c. uniformitarianism.
d. principles of heredity.
Sexual selection is best defined as:
a. the physical competition for access to females.
b. the competition for resources to access females.
c. natural selection in one sex caused by a trait’s attractiveness to members of the
opposite sex.
d. selection of males by females on the basis of disposition, physical appearance, and
hierarchical position.
Extreme anemia can lead to:
a. cancer.
b. porotic hyperostosis.
c. heart disease.
d. measles.
When individuals of the same species are reproductively isolated, genetic differences
may accumulate in sufficient number so that new species could emerge. Such an event
would be an example of:
a. microevolution.
b. the founder effect.
c. equilibrium.
d. macroevolution.
Homo erectus differed from earlier hominids in having traits such as:
a. a smaller brain.
b. larger teeth.
c. a bigger sagittal keel.
d. a larger brain.
Tooth size and jaw size have reduced in the last:
a. 17,000 yBP.
b. 10,000 yBP.
c. 6,000 yBP.
d. 3,000 yBP.
Based on the molecular clock, geneticists believe the split between chimps and
hominins occurred _______ mya.
a. 10″12
b. 8″10
c. 6″8
d. 4″6
Anatomically modern human fossils were discovered in the European Upper Paleolithic
site of:
a. Atapuerca, Spain.
b. Mauer, Germany.
c. Petralona, Greece.
d. Cro-Magnon, France.
Homo erectus‘s high degree of adaptive success is evidenced by its:
a. increased reliance on material culture.
b. apparent increased intelligence.
c. reliance on unchanging environments.
d. both a. and b.
A stratigraphic layer in one location overwhelmingly represents one species, while the
same species is discovered in a similar stratigraphic layer hundreds of kilometers away.
What method is used to provide an estimate of age for this layer and this species?
a. biostratigraphy
b. dendrochronology
c. Steno’s law of superposition
d. carbon 14 dating
Physical anthropologists view how humans come to be the way they are as the result of:
a. their biological makeups, which primarily define who they are.
b. both evolutionary history and their own individual life histories.
c. what their genes make them; environment has very little effect.
d. their environment; genes have very little effect.
Living lemurs are found only in:
a. Asia.
b. Africa.
c. South America.
d. Madagascar.