__________ is common in middle adulthood.
A) Midlife crisis
B) Dissatisfaction
C) Drastic life alteration
D) Life evaluation
According to Noam Chomsky, all children have a __________ device that contains a
universal grammar.
A) language acquisition
B) listening
C) speaking
D) neurotransmission
The exchange of chromosome segments during meiosis results in
A) severe mutations.
B) incredible variability among siblings.
C) higher rates of fraternal twins.
D) higher numbers of female zygotes than male zygotes.
In high school, Jamie is a class leader. She is highly social and involved in several
activities. Jamie socializes with a large, loosely organized group of popular classmates.
This group is Jamie’s
A) crowd.
B) social family.
C) clique.
D) circle.
Most Americans say they hope to die
A) at home.
B) in a nursing home.
C) in a family member’s home.
D) in a hospital.
Which of the following statements about retirement policies is true?
A) Few U.S. retirees experience falling living standards due to generous social security
benefits.
B) In the United States, time devoted to child rearing is given some credit when
figuring retirement benefits.
C) In most Western nations, generous social security benefits sustain the standard of
living of most workers after they retire.
D) When compared with other Western nations, U.S. policies make retirement more
feasible for the economically disadvantaged.
There was a failure of the twenty-first pair of chromosomes to separate during meiosis,
so Aziz received three of these chromosomes rather than the normal two. Aziz has
__________ syndrome.
A) XYY
B) Klinefelter
C) Turner
D) Down
Theorists who emphasize plasticity believe that
A) change in response to influential experiences is possible.
B) heredity, rather than the environment, influences behavior.
C) individuals who are high in anxiety as children will remain so at later ages.
D) early experiences establish a lifelong pattern of behavior.
Compared with securely attached infants, avoidant babies tend to receive __________
care.
A) disorganized/disoriented
B) understimulating, inconsistent
C) overstimulating, intrusive
D) unresponsive
Mothers engage in __________ more often than fathers, whereas fathers engage in
__________ more often than mothers.
A) neglect; sexual abuse
B) physical abuse; emotional abuse
C) sexual abuse; neglect
D) emotional abuse; physical abuse
Information-processing researchers focus on
A) interactions between the various core domains of thought.
B) many aspects of thinking, from attention, memory, and categorization skills to
complex problem solving.
C) general concepts like assimilation and accommodation to describe how children
think.
D) learning within the zone of proximal development.
One valid criticism of youth sports is that
A) participation in organized sports often results in psychological damage to children.
B) they overemphasize competition and substitute adult control for children’s natural
experimentation with rules and strategies.
C) participation in youth sports is the leading cause of childhood injury.
D) they often interfere with school work and can cause a sharp decline in academic
achievement.
A baby who first habituates to a visual pattern and then recovers to a new one appears
to
A) have forgotten the first pattern.
B) perceive the second pattern as the same as the first pattern.
C) perceive the second pattern as new and different from the first pattern.
D) be accessing her remote memory.
In industrialized nations, childhood diseases have declined dramatically during the past
half-century, largely as a result of
A) generous government nutrition programs.
B) government-funded health care.
C) widespread immunization of infants and young children.
D) a reduction in the number of viral and bacterial infections worldwide.
Prenatally malnourished babies frequently
A) reject breast milk.
B) have enlarged hearts.
C) have a higher-than-average birth weight.
D) catch respiratory illnesses.
Which of the following statements about hospice care is true?
A) On-call services are usually available from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m., Monday through Friday.
B) Hospice programs do not typically provide respite care.
C) Follow-up bereavement services are offered to families in the year after a death.
D) The benefits of hospice care have not been verified through research.
The U.S. Supreme Court’s decision involving Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act
A) explicitly allows physicians to prescribe drugs so terminally ill patients can end their
lives.
B) bans assisted suicide in all 50 U.S. states.
C) leaves the question of the legality of assisted suicide up to the states.
D) favors assisted suicide in Oregon, and rejects the rights of other states to ban the
practice.
Individuals who are high in openness to experience are
A) imaginative, creative, original, curious, and liberal.
B) worrying, temperamental, self-pitying, and vulnerable.
C) affectionate, talkative, active, and passionate.
D) soft-hearted, trusting, generous, and good-natured.
In middle and late adulthood, __________ memory suffers much less than __________
memory.
A) spatial; nonverbal
B) nonverbal; verbal
C) verbal; spatial
D) short-term; long-term
Which of the following statements about factors related to cognitive maintenance and
change is true?
A) There is no genetic contribution to individual differences in cognitive change in late
adulthood.
B) Retirement affects cognitive change both positively and negatively.
C) As seniors grow older, their cognitive scores show smaller fluctuations from one
occasion to the next.
D) Most chronic conditions are not associated with cognitive declines.
Research suggests that __________ cause(s) girls to do worse than their abilities allow
on difficult math problems.
A) stereotype threat
B) poor problem-solving skills
C) a biological disadvantage
D) mediocre math instruction
Which of the following individuals will likely show stronger gender intensification?
A) Evan, a 7-year-old boy
B) Eve, a 9-year-old girl
C) Reece, a 12-year-old boy
D) Tamar, a 14-year-old girl
Developmental science is a field of study devoted to
A) proving contemporary theories of development.
B) understanding abnormal development in children and adolescents.
C) understanding constancy and change throughout the lifespan.
D) identifying genetic contributions to disease and illness.
Zookeeper Ross knows that he shares some of his genetic makeup with the chimpanzee,
Chumley. You could tell Ross that between __________ percent of their DNA is
identical.
A) 20 and 25
B) 50 and 55
C) 75 and 80
D) 98 and 99
The average age of leaving home
A) is higher today than it was at the beginning of the twentieth century.
B) is lower in the United States than it is in the Scandinavian countries.
C) has risen since the 1960s.
D) is higher in the United States than it is in Mediterranean countries.
Harold, age 82, has little difficulty walking but, nonetheless, recently experienced a fall.
What is the best thing that Harold’s family can do to help prevent further falls?
A) encourage Harold to decrease his activity level
B) take Harold to the eye doctor to ensure that he has proper corrective eyewear
C) encourage Harold to rely on a cane or a walker
D) discourage Harold from walking unassisted
To acquire effective social skills, inhibited children need
A) medication to increase left frontal brain wave activity.
B) to be exposed to increasingly stressful social situations.
C) permissive child-rearing.
D) parenting tailored to their temperaments.
Harry holds socially responsible values. Which of the following statements is he most
likely to make?
A) “My parents never discuss religion, politics, or controversial issues.”
B) “I think most unemployed people are less intelligent than those who are
economically independent.”
C) “If someone is homeless, it’s probably because he drinks or takes drugs.”
D) “I think the unemployment rate is caused by a combination of government policies
and the state of the economy.”
As infants understand more about their world, they laugh
A) at events with subtler elements of surprise.
B) only in response to very active stimuli.
C) at dynamic, eye-catching sights.
D) less often.
Threats to __________ health accelerate puberty, whereas threats to __________ health
delay it.
A) emotional; physical
B) physical; social
C) social; emotional
D) physical; emotional
Jack and Jami are concerned that their chubby infant son Angus will become an
overweight adult. Which of the following steps can they take to help prevent that?
A) Bottle-feed Angus for the first six months.
B) Give Angus foods containing saturated fats.
C) Limit the time Angus spends in front of the TV.
D) Cut back on Angus’s caloric intake throughout infancy and toddlerhood.
What percent of Americans have been married at least once?
A) 60
B) 70
C) 80
D) 90
Name and describe the four identity statuses that researchers use to evaluate progress in
identity development.
Discuss episodic memory, including memory for familiar events and memory for
one-time events.
Identify and describe the challenges of never-married, childless older adults.
Describe separation anxiety. When does it occur?
What is an advance medical directive? What types are available in the United States?
Discuss the changes that the skin undergoes during the aging process.