The diversity of the hominins included increasingly specialized:
a. locomotion.
b. social patterns.
c. body sizes.
d. diets.
A symptom of anemia where spongy bone invades the eye sockets is called:
a. hyperostosis.
b. trabeculitis.
c. orbital arthritis.
d. cribra orbitalia.
Bipedalism is considered one of the hallmarks of hominid evolution because it:
a. was the first evolutionary development that distinguished humans from other
animals.
b. was possible only after the advent of simple material culture.
c. followed brain expansion in human evolution.
d. allowed hominids to come out of the trees and make tools 10 mya.
You are reading a scientific paper regarding the relationships of the anatomical and
behavioral characteristics of chimpanzees and their implications for early hominid
evolution. You note that the authors refer to human ancestors as hominids. This implies
that the researchers are relying on:
a. cladistic classifications of chimpanzees and humans, as this is most appropriate for
their research.
b. anatomical classifications of chimpanzees and humans, as this is most appropriate
when looking at adaptation and anatomy.
c. genetic classification of chimpanzees and humans, hence their use of the term
hominid to describe human ancestors.
d. both b. and c.
The earliest australopithecines first show up in the fossil record more than:
a. 0.5 mya.
b. 1 mya.
c. 2 mya.
d. 4 mya.
Uniformitarianism is the theory that:
a. the earth is very old, based on geologic evidence from stratigraphic layers in
Scotland.
b. the natural processes operating today are the same as the natural processes that
operated in the past.
c. the uniformity of species is derived from the common ancestor of all species.
d. processes such as earthquakes are evidence supporting catastrophism as proposed by
Lamarck.
The advantageous “attributes” to which Darwin refers are now known as:
a. traits.
b. genes.
c. alleles.
d. chromosomes.
What are the classification levels of humans from order to species?
a. Chordata, Mammalia, Haplorhini, Hominoidea, Homo, and sapiens
b. Primates, Haplorhini, Anthropoidea, Catarrhini, Hominoidea, Hominidea,
Homininae, Hominine, Homo, and sapiens
c. Primates, Strepsirhini, Catarrhini, Hominoidea, Hominidea, Homo, and sapiens
d. Mammalia, Platyrrhini, Hominioidea, Hominidae, Homo, and sapiens
Proteins consist of:
a. genes.
b. RNA plus mRNA.
c. chains of DNA nucleotides.
d. chains of amino acids.
Agriculture resulted in:
a. higher-quality nutrition.
b. a stable, healthy food source.
c. population sedentism and crowding.
d. a shift in social dynamics, resulting in larger families.
The cladistic primate classification includes:
a. anthropods and haplorhines.
b. hominoids and chordata.
c. strepsirhines and haplorhines.
d. pongidae and omomyidae.
Bipedalism’s advantages over quadrupedalism include:
a. an increased ability to see greater distances.
b. running faster.
c. ease of transporting food.
d. both a. and c.
Thomas Hunt Morgan:
a. demonstrated that chromosomes carry genetic material in the form of genes.
b. studied mutations in Homo sapiens.
c. thought change was gradual and occurred over long time periods.
d. proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics.
Relative to other primates, prosimian adaptations include:
a. an enlarged olfactory bulb and enlarged scent glands.
b. a larger brain.
c. a reduced number of teeth.
d. smaller eye orbits.
The results of a disadvantaged social environment include:
a. poor health, reduced height, and shortened life expectancy.
b. poor speech and excessive eating habits.
c. poor reading comprehension.
d. an inability to think critically and develop long-term planning.
The evolution of apes began in Africa and continued in:
a. Europe and Asia.
b. Asia and South America.
c. Europe and South America.
d. Greece and South America.
Nucleotide bases in nuclear DNA include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. thymine.
b. adenine.
c. uracil.
d. cytosine.
Compared to modern Homo sapiens, archaic Homo sapiens has:
a. a long and low skull, a smaller brain size, and a large masticatory complex.
b. a taller and wider nasal aperture, a more projecting occipital bone, larger teeth, and
no chin.
c. a longer and lower skull, a larger browridge, and a bigger and more projecting face.
d. both b. and c.
The typical catarrhine dental formula is:
a. 1 / 1 / 2 / 3.
b. 2 / 1 / 3 / 3.
c. 2 / 1 / 2 / 3.
d. 3 / 1 / 2 / 3.
Fossils attributed to Australopithecus garhi were found at the Bouri site, in Ethiopia,
along with:
a. abundant stone tools.
b. animal bones with cutmarks.
c. evidence for early Homo.
d. fossil footprints.
The three eras that make up Earth history are:
a. strata, stratigraphy, and striations.
b. Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Holocene.
c. Early, Middle, and Upper Miocene.
d. Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic.
If you are examining the fossil remains of the genus Dryopithecus, they are most likely
from where?
a. India
b. Bolivia
c. France
d. China
Hominins have canines that are:
a. small, blunt, and nonprojecting, with no diastema.
b. large and pointed, with a diastema.
c. projecting, with a diastema.
d. part of a honing complex.
A wooden tomb is discovered with a well-preserved mummy inside. Which of the
following methods could be used to date the tomb most accurately?
a. superposition
b. electron spin resonance
c. thermoluminescence
d. dendrochronology
Natural selection generally favors behaviors that:
a. increase body size.
b. increase brain size.
c. limit population size.
d. enhance survival and reproduction.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR):
a. allows us to use genetic methods to explore the origins and movements of
populations.
b. is used to amplify tiny sequences of DNA for study.
c. allows us to study small amounts of DNA available in ancient skeletons.
d. all of the above
Stone tools are more commonly found on archaeological sites thought to be associated
with:
a. Homo rudolfensis.
b. Paranthropus.
c. Australopithecus.
d. Homo habilis.
Paleosols and fauna in the Middle Awash Valley of Ethiopia show that the earliest
hominins lived in _______ settings.
a. wooded
b. unwooded grassland
c. marshy
d. desert
Which of the following are prosimians?
a. baboons
b. gibbons
c. lemurs
d. tamarins
How did Lamarck contribute to the theory of evolution?
a. He discovered genetic mutation through experiments with pea plants.
b. He proposed the concept of natural selection after his voyage to the Galapagos
Islands and his study of finches.
c. He proposed the first serious model of how traits are passed on from parent to
offspring through inheritance of acquired characteristics, though that idea turned out to
be incorrect.
d. He proposed a concept known today as gene flow.
The patchy forest hypothesis proposes that forests:
a. became patchy and food more dispersed.
b. became lush woodlands.
c. became wet and swamp-like.
d. did not change.
Which of the following species of early primates had the most biological diversity?
a. Eosimias
b. Proconsul
c. Dryopithecus
d. Oreopithecus
Rickets is the result of:
a. a lack of vitamin D.
b. a lack of melanin.
c. high UV exposure.
d. severe air pollution.