No other industrial nation has allowed the kind of decline and deterioration that faces
U.S. urban centers.
A minority may have more political power than the majority.
Throughout U.S. history, individuals have organized to change elements of society that
they deemed unethical, unjust, racist, sexist, or oppressive.
Where minority groups have narrowed the gap in educational attainment between
themselves and Whites, they have also narrowed the economic differences.
The severity of drug laws is related to the dangers the specific drugs pose to individuals
and society.
Segmented labor markets result from the capitalist economy being divided into two
separate sectors that have different characteristics, different roles, and different rewards
for workers in each.
Among rich industrialized societies, the most equal societies are the healthiest.
Income inequality is increasing in the United States.
The disability rights movement first sought to ensure that the disabled have ready
access to all public buildings and bathroom facilities and to draw attention to the
demeaning characterization of the disabled by people like Jerry Lewis.
As more minorities enter high-status jobs, they are confronted by new forms of
discrimination in the form of the “job ceilings” that limit their access to top-level jobs.
Political lobbyists represent a balance of viewpoints that legislators weigh in their
decision making.
The elderly who are members of racial or ethnic minorities are disproportionately poor.
Television commercials help promote equality between the sexes.
Though some civil rights battles have been won, the war for racial equality has not been
won.
Programs that work to hold educators accountable by instituting standardized exams
often lead to slow learners being encouraged to drop out of school.
It is estimated that in 2010, __________ million people in the United States had no
medical insurance.
A) 5
B) 20
C) 25
D) 50
When low-density, automobile dependent development takes place outside of a central
city, this is characterized as __________.
A) triage
B) regional government
C) suburban sprawl
D) colonias
When banks and other companies refuse to make home and small-business loans and
insure property in poor and minority neighborhoods it is called __________.
A) gentrification
B) White flight
C) warehousing
D) redlining
Union membership has __________.
A) declined significantly
B) increased significantly
C) declined slightly
D) increased slightly
__________ is/are one of the major challenges to the United States.
A) Russia
B) WMDs
C) Saddam Hussein
D) Immigration
In order to stop the cradle to prison pipeline __________ must be instituted to deal with
inherent institutional inequalities that put people at risk of committing crimes and being
detected and prosecuted for those crimes.
A) more humane prisons
B) a prison-industrial complex
C) a uniform crime report
D) early childhood intervention programs
The educational process in the United States is largely __________.
A) conservative
B) liberal
C) libertarian
D) progressive
The arrest rate for drugs in rural areas is lower because __________.
A) there is not enough land in these areas to grow drugs
B) law enforcement agents do most of the drug farming
C) law enforcement officers have less resources and more space to patrol
D) law enforcement agents are not paid enough and resort to drugs to supplement their
income
The new U.S. healthcare system signed into law in 2010 __________.
A) requires all people to get a government-sponsored insurance plan
B) requires everyone to have health insurance
C) forces younger adults off of their parents’ health insurance plans earlier
D) requires businesses of all sizes to provide employee healthcare
The ways nations organize to protect themselves and guard against threats both internal
and external is commonly referred to as __________.
A) national security
B) the defense budget
C) official development assistance
D) international law
If an owner of a company that produces a lot of waste wants to be able to keep
polluting, what, according to the text, is that owner’s best strategy?
A) Lobby and otherwise use the political system to ensure regulations are lax
B) Realize the pollution is too damaging, take responsibility for causing the pollution,
and pay for the cleanup.
C) Do nothing.
D) Only pollute at night when fewer people will notice
When disabled men experience stereotyping they __________.
A) may cope with their failure to live up to the hegemonic norms by being less
competitive
B) tend to be treated as weak, pitiful, and dependent rather than being treated as strong,
independent, and self-reliant
C) may reject society’s standards by denying their disability
D) take on a feminine identity
The culture-of-poverty hypothesis __________.
A) is based on the belief that the poor have a deviant cultural pattern that is transmitted
from generation to generation
B) argues that those who are poor are unfit
C) is an example of institutional theory
D) is the commonly accepted explanation of poverty within sociology
Conclusions made from __________ will be reliable about the entire population.
A) participant observation
B) a control group
C) a probability sample
D) an experiment
Mark takes the position that poverty is caused not by individuals, but rather by
institutions that are arranged to ensure that some groups of people remain poor while
others thrive. Mark expresses a point of view in line with __________ theory.
A) deficiency
B) structural
C) institutional
D) conflict
The poorer you are, the more likely you are to __________.
A) avoid tobacco
B) have a diet of plain, raw vegetables
C) not have access to medical services
D) live longer
White-collar crime refers to crime that is __________.
A) committed by people from working-class backgrounds
B) often termed “hustles”
C) committed by middle- and upper-middle-class people in the course of their business
and social activities
D) committed by the Mafia
A standard of living below the minimum needed for the maintenance of adequate diet,
health, and shelter, known as __________, is a significant social problem even in
wealthy countries.
A) old poor
B) new poor
C) working poor
D) poverty
The system-blame approach assumes that social problems results from __________.
A) psychological conditions
B) social conditions
C) religious tradition
D) institutionalized deviance
People labeled as criminals in the United States are disproportionately __________.
A) women
B) the rich
C) racial minorities
D) Whites
Some companies employ workers in low-wage countries to provide services to people
in the United States instead of employing Americans to do the same work as they had in
the past. This practice is known as __________.
A) contingent work
B) primary sector work
C) outsourcing
D) tax evasion
Which of the following is commonly expressed as a concern about immigration?
A) Immigrants help to provide more jobs for U.S. citizens.
B) Immigrants are a drain on society’s resources.
C) The increase in immigrants will decrease tension between the races.
D) The increase in immigrants in an area will boost the economy.
Which company has been boycotted because it has been perceived as favorable toward
gay rights?
A) Disney
B) Barnes and Noble
C) Apple
D) Microsoft
People with disabilities often have difficulty finding partners because __________.
A) they can”t access places where nondisabled people make social contacts
B) many have paid employment and very little free time
C) they are often isolated because they cannot leave their home
D) disabilities are so rare that nobody understands them
Why would a homosexual hide his/her sexual orientation on the job?
A) One can still be fired for being gay.
B) Employers expect more work for less pay from gay employees.
C) Affirmative action legislation forces them to hide their orientation.
D) There may be fear of an unwarranted promotion.
__________ is a reason for the high poverty rate among women.
A) The lower intelligence of women
B) The high frequency of divorce
C) A small number of never-married women with children
D) Good job and earnings opportunities for women
Which of the following is an example of a direct interlock?
A) Smith and Jones both sit on the board of Company A.
B) Smith sits on the board of Company A and holds stock in Company A.
C) Jones sits on the board of Company A and Company B.
D) Jones and Smith are co-CEOs of Company A.
The main goal of scientific management is to __________.
A) have employees feel more satisfied with their work assignments
B) provide better customer service
C) speed up production
D) decrease worker efficiency
A profit-oriented company engaged in business activities in more than one nation is a
__________.
A) corporation
B) transnational corporation
C) corporate demographic
D) colony
A jobs/housing mismatch occurs when __________.
A) landlords do not hire their residents for jobs in the area
B) residents do not make enough money to stay in their current jobs
C) central-city residents cannot reach jobs on the urban fringe because of transportation
issues
D) people you work with will not visit you because they fear your neighborhood
Which of the following is associated with environmental classism?
A) The poor often have dangerous jobs and are residentially segregated.
B) The rich have the most unwanted jobs.
C) All corporations are champions of environmental justice.
D) The poor live in the most desirable neighborhoods.
A sociologist researching structural reasons for environmental problems would find that
the poor __________.
A) use far less resources than the affluent.
B) B are more likely to live in less polluted areas
C) are more likely to have low-risk jobs
D) have to pay disproportionately less than the affluent for policies that help clean up
the environment.
Even though the media coverage would have you think otherwise, __________.
A) more people work in rural areas than in central cities
B) twelfth graders in rural America are more likely to use cocaine and alcohol than their
urban counterparts
C) most people in rural areas have greater access to public transportation than do
residents of central cities
D) eighth graders in rural America are less likely to use cocaine and alcohol than their
urban counterparts
Chris has been out of work for a while and has not actively sought work in over a
month. He is a __________ worker.
Differentiate among deficiency, bias, and structural discrimination theories of racial and
ethnic inequality. Which of these theories do you think best explains current race
relations in the U.S.? Why? Be specific and use examples.
The authors suggest that a progressive agenda could be financed in part by reducing the
__________ budget, which is less needed since the Soviet threat is gone.
How is the social organization of the family affected by violence? In what ways is this
linked to a patriarchal society? How do these effects intersect with class and race?
Discuss society’s response to disadvantaged children and the long-term implications of
this. What, if anything, needs to be done?
Gender inequality is financially __________ for men.
The Boy Scouts of America participate in __________ oppression by restricting access
to the organization by gays and lesbians.
There are approximately __________ documented hate groups are in the United States
according to the Southern Poverty Law Center.
At least __________ hate crime(s) occur(s) on a college campus every day.
How do toys play a part in gender socialization? Use examples from your own toys as a
child to illustrate the role of toys and play in the process of socialization.
Nowadays, union workers make __________ than their nonunion peers.
Describe the condition referred to as capital flight and discuss the conditions that have
caused it. How does capital flight precipitate globalization?
One argument that the war on drugs may be __________ is that federal drug
enforcement has waged its war almost exclusively in minority neighborhoods.
Official government unemployment rates do not account for the nearly __________
million people who work part time or have given up seeking full-time employment.
The police spend the majority of their time regulating __________.
The __________ amendments of 1965 abandoned the quota system that had preserved
the European character of the United States for nearly half a century.
The _________ are people living at or below half the poverty line.