Which of the following statements is supported by research on nutrition?
A)Restricting access to tasty foods is an effective way to get young children to eat healthy
foods.
B)Adding salt or sugar is an easy way to get children to eat healthy foods.
C)Offering bribes is an effective way to get preschoolers to eat healthy foods.
D)Offering children sweet fruit drinks or soft drinks promotes “milk avoidance.”
__________ is the most common vision problem in middle childhood.
A)Presbyopia
B)Tunnel vision
C)Astigmatism
D)Myopia
Growth and myelination of fibers linking the cerebellum to the cerebral cortex contributes
to __________ in early childhood.
A)a strong hand preference
B)suppression of impulses in favor of thoughtful responses
C)dramatic gains in motor coordination
D)dramatic gains in spatial skills
Which of the following statements about children’s questions is true?
A)With age, preschoolers increasingly ask about function, activity, state, and theory of
mind.
B)At every age between 1 and 5 years, non-information-seeking questions are more often
used than information-seeking questions.
C)Children do not begin asking questions until they have the vocabulary to formulate
sentences.
D)Inquisitive children are more often merely clamoring for attention than seeking real
answers to their questions.
The independent variable is the one
A)the investigator expects to be influenced by another variable.
B)that is randomly assigned.
C)that shows the strength of the correlational relationship.
D)the investigator expects to cause changes in another variable.
According to longitudinal research, a parent-reported diet high in sugar, fat, and processed
food in early childhood predicted __________ IQ at age 8.
A)much higher
B)average
C)slightly lower
D)significantly lower
Researchers regard __________ as central to adolescent cognitive development.
A)processing capacity
B)application of memory strategies
C)metacognition
D)attentional self-regulation
The usefulness of children’s questions depends on the
A)child’s ethnicity and culture.
B)topic about which the child is inquiring.
C)informative value of adults’ answers.
D)exposure they receive to different viewpoints.
Effective parenting of adolescents strikes a balance between __________ and __________.
A)authority; persuasion
B)perseverance; acceptance
C)affection; authority
D)connection; separation
Birth weight is the best available predictor of
A)childhood obesity.
B)adolescent anorexia.
C)myopia.
D)infant survival.
According to Piaget’s theory, in the sensorimotor stage, children
A)can think of all possible outcomes in a scientific problem.
B)organize objects into hierarchies of classes and subclasses.
C)”think” by acting on the world with their eyes, ears, hands, and mouth.
D)can evaluate the logic of verbal statements without referring to real-world
circumstances.
In cultures where mothers carry their infants on their hips or in slings for most of the day,
A)infants are delayed in reaching and grasping.
B)babies have rich opportunities to explore with their hands.
C)manual skills develop later than in Western infants.
D)the overstimulation causes babies to cry a great deal.
Which of the following statements about the role of psychoanalytic theory in modern child
development research is true?
A)All subsequent theories rejected the basic outlines of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory.
B)One of the lasting contributions of psychoanalytic theory is its ability to capture the
essence of personality during each period of development.
C)Psychoanalytic theorists’ emphasis on the importance of experiences beyond infancy and
early childhood is largely accepted by contemporary researchers.
D)Psychoanalytic theory has modern cross-cultural implications because contemporary
researchers have psychoanalyzed individuals from all over the world.
Self-esteem can be greatly undermined when
A)children gain an understanding that traits are linked to specific desires.
B)recursive thought influences the development of perspective taking.
C)children internalize the expectations of those around them.
D)there is a large discrepancy between a child’s ideal and real self.
Observations of imprinting led to which of the following major concepts in child
development?
A)behavior modification
B)observational learning
C)the critical period
D)the chronosystem