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Which of the following features has NOT been associated with the end of Teotihuacn?
a. nutritional stress and disease
b. burning in the ritual precinct
c. gradual population decline over several centuries
d. high infant mortality
e. dismemberment of members of the nobility
Studies have shown that UV radiation rapidly depletes ______, which plays a crucial
role in neural tube development of the embryo.
a. melanin
b. melanocytes
c. carotene
d. folate
e. vitamin C
The process of assigning an absolute age of materials is known as:
a. context dating
b. stratigraphic succession
c. relative dating
d. chronometric dating
e. calendric succession
Neandertal brain size
a. was smaller, on average, than that of modern humans
b. was larger, on average, than that of modern humans
c. was smaller, on average, than that of Homo erectus
d. averaged about 2,500 cm3
e. averaged about 1,100 cm3
Hunter-gatherers in Western North America, particularly the Great Basin, tended to
focus on what environmental feature in addition to upland resources?
a. marshes
b. deciduous forests
c. coastal resources
d. bison herds
e. desert rodents
The task of interpreting early hominin evolution
a. is still not complete
b. does not require a chronological framework
c. does not require assigning taxonomic names to fossil materials
d. is almost impossible
e. is best left to geologists
The term for collector-type hunter-gatherers from the Near East ca. 12,000 ya is
a. Capsian
b. Archaic
c. Paleo-Indian
d. Kebaran
e. Natufian
The Homo erectus fossils from the Lantian sites in China are dated to______ years old.
a. 300,000
b. 1.52 million
c. 500,000
d. 1.15 million
e. 800,000 to 450,000
Homo erectus represents a different kind of hominin than the more ancient African
predecessors. One of the reasons is
a. H. erectus is a step towards being more ape-like
b. An increased body size and robustness
c. Less encephalization
d. Less variation among different regional populations
e. Less like modern humans
A person who is homozygous recessive at a locus has which of the following?
a. two copies of the recessive allele
b. two copies of the dominant allele
c. an autosomal trisomy
d. a recessive allele on the X chromosome only
e. a recessive allele on the Y chromosome only
It is hypothesized that some population of inhabitants from Indonesia was the first
group to colonize Australia.
Compared to monkeys, hominoids
a. generally have larger body sizes and lack a tail
b. have a more elongated lower back
c. have arms and legs of equal length
d. exhibit less complex behavior
e. have a shorter period of infant dependency
Thus far, what do the postcranial remains of the Dmanisi hominins indicate?
a. They are indistinguishable from Homo sapiens.
b. They are significantly more robust than other Homo erectus.
c. They are much more similar to modern humans than to Homo erectus.
d. The first hominins to leave Africa were possibly a very early form of H. erectus.
e. They are not bipeds.
Bioarchaeological studies have shown that overall health quality improved with the
development of agriculture.
a. True
b. False
The increase in human dental caries hypoplasias, periodontal disease and overall
reduction in tooth size in Natufian skeletons can be attributed to
a. availability of fewer plant resources
b. diet based upon domesticated wild cattle
c. an abundance of animal meat in the diet
d. bows and arrows which allowed more successful hunting
e. predominace of starchy cereal grains in the diet
The cave paintings in the Grotte Chauvet
a. are relatively crude and primitive
b. mostly depict landscapes
c. mostly depict female humans
d. date to about 10,000 ya
e. date to 35,000 ya
Rapid global climate change has been proven by science to no longer occur and a
marked warming of the earth's atmosphere has ceased.
a. True
b. False
At the global level, the biggest environmental problem we currently face concerns
a. multicropping different crops in a single agricultural plot
b. diseases attacking domesticated fowl and mammals
c. increasing population growth among developing countries
d. climate change
e. so-called "environmentally friendly" but destructive technological approaches to
meeting food demands
The Ubaid farmers of Mesopotamia are associated with:
a. the initial period of agriculture in the Near East
b. the settlement of the alluvial plains along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
c. the development of the first cities in India
d. the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
e. the adoption of dry-farming techniques in the Upper Euphrates valley
Neandertal skeletal remains indicate that they extended their range to the east, far into
Central Asia, but as yet no remains have been found in
a. Israel
b. Southern Siberia
c. Iraq
d. Uzbekistan
e. China
What causes rickets?
a. overexposure to ultraviolet radiation
b. too much vitamin D
c. an insufficient amount of melanin
d. too few melanocytes
e. an insufficient amount of vitamin D
Which of the following was one of the most observable physical differences in physical
anthropologists' early studies of human variation?
a. Eye color
b. shape of head and face
c. Height
d. Weight
e. Hair color
Recently discovered remains from the Tugen Hills, dated to about 6 million years ago
have been placed in which genus?
a. Sahelanthropu
b. Australopithecus
c. Paranthropus
d. Ardipithecus
e. Orrorin
The anthropological perspective does not
a. Offer a wider appreciation through time and space
b. Look at the diversity of the human experience
c. Help to avoid ethnocentric pitfalls
d. Give a wider appreciation of the human experience
e. Narrow our viewpoint of how our species through time and space.
In what area of North America did highly organized sedentary communities develop
based primarily on coastal resources and without domesticated crops?
a. eastern North America
b. Northwest Coast
c. California
d. Great Basin
e. the Southwest
Domestication may be evident in what aspect of archaeological herd demography?
a. an abundance of young males
b. the predominance of prime-age females
c. equal distribution of males and females
d. equal distribution of all age and sex classes
e. primarily older males and juvenile females
Competitive feasting, tribute payments, or offerings to the deities that promoted the
development of human agency and, ultimately, of domestication and agriculture is an
example of the cultural approach embraced by all of the following except
a. Hodder
b. Braidwood
c. Childe
d. Watkins
e. Binford
Humans owe their success to biocultural evolution and primate ancestry.
a. True
b. False
A genus may be defined as a group of
a. individuals who interbreed but who are reproductively isolated from other such
groups
b. closely related species
c. one or more species that do not differ from each other in basic ways
d. members of the same species
e. individuals more closely related to individuals of another species in another genus
Human language can be characterized by all of the following except
a. uses symbols
b. is limited to communicating about the present
c. is an open system of communication
d. cannot be said to be the same as communication evidenced by the Great apes
e. evolved directly from nonhuman primate communication
What is meant by domestication and agriculture? How can archaeologists identify the
presence of plant and animal domestication in the archaeological record?
Answer:Will vary
What is meant by biocultural evolution?
Answer:Will vary
Outline Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics. According to this
theory, what was the environment's role in biological change?
Answer:Will vary
Where and when did the Olmecs live, and what were some of their most notable
accomplishments?
Answer:Will vary
What are the main tenets of the visual predation and arboreal theories of primate
origins? Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of both.
Answer:Will vary
Discuss the two main hypotheses that have been used to explain the origin and dispersal
of modern humans.
Answer:Will vary
Contrast the morphology of the earliest European premodern Homo sapiens with that of
later European premodern Homo sapienssuch as Neandertals.
Answer:Will vary
What is the contribution of investigations at Olduvai Gorge to paleoanthropological
research?
Answer:Will vary
Define the goals of archaeological research and the techniques used in archaeological
research projects.
Answer:Will vary
Define the term race. How does the modern use of race differ from the 19th century use
of race?
Answer:Will vary
Who was the Kennewick man? Why are the remains important for understanding the
settlement of the New World?
Answer:Will vary
Many people argue that evolution is "only a theory." Define theory, and then describe
how evolution does or does not fit the definition.
Answer:Will vary
Describe the process of archaeological research, the types of information that comprise
the archaeological record, and the techniques available for reconstructing the past.
Answer:Will vary
How did early Holocene human subsistence patterns differ from those during the late
Pleistocene?
Answer:Will vary
Summarize the main points of the various Replacement Models.
Answer:Will vary
Contrast the two schools of taxonomy: evolutionary systematics and cladistics.
Answer:Will vary
When scientists assign fossil remains to genera and species, they must first assess the
variation present in the fossil sample to determine its biological significance. What are
the sources of morphological variation in fossil samples?
Answer:Will vary
Define the term mosaic evolution. List three different anatomical or behavioral hominid
traits that demonstrate the nature of mosaic evolution.
Answer:Will vary
