Lincoln, a 20-year-old American woman, is asked: “Do you consider yourself to have
reached adulthood?” Lincoln probably responds
A)”I haven’t really thought about it.”
B)”No, I’m not a true adult.”
C)”Yes and no. It depends.”
D)”Yes, I am truly an adult.”
Encouraging students to __________ and making sure they __________ are essential
for solid mastery of basic math.
A)memorize math facts; remember them
B)apply strategies; know why certain strategies work
C)memorize math rules; have a calculator
D)have calculators; know how to use them
After 2- to 6-month olds forget an operant response,
A)it takes months for them to reinstate the memory.
B)they need only a brief prompt to reinstate the memory.
C)they reinstate the memory after a few days.
D)they are unable to remember it without extensive training.
If the alleles from both parents are alike, the child is
A)homozygous.
B)female.
C)heterozygous.
D)a monozygotic twin.
According to the principle of mutual exclusivity bias, toddlers
A)assume that objects have multiple labels.
B)connect new words with their underlying concepts after only a brief encounter.
C)assume that words refer to entirely separate, nonoverlapping categories.
D)discover the structure of sentences by relying on the meanings of words.
Taking a folic acid supplement around the time of conception reduces by more than 70
percent
A)the risk of miscarriage.
B)infantile hypothyroidism.
C)the risk of Down syndrome.
D)abnormalities of the neural tube.
Research on hearing shows that newborns
A)can perceive only those sounds that are found in their own native language.
B)prefer pure tones to complex sounds, such as human language.
C)can tell the difference between a series of tones arranged in ascending versus descending
order.
D)cannot distinguish happy-sounding speech from speech with negative emotional
qualities.
In developing countries, rates of obesity have risen as a result of
A)misinformation about good nutrition.
B)diets low in meats and energy-dense refined foods.
C)an urbanized shift toward sedentary lifestyles.
D)the positive side effects of increased contact with industrialized nations.
Japanese infants rarely show __________ attachment.
A)disorganized/disoriented
B)avoidant
C)resistant
D)secure
Which of the following statements regarding breastfeeding is true?
A)Breastfeeding should be combined with formula for a balanced diet.
B)Breastfeeding helps increase spacing among siblings.
C)Breastfeeding has become less common in industrialized nations.
D)Breastfeeding is a reliable method of birth control.
Alice is inactive, shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli, and adjusts
slowly to new experiences. In Thomas and Chess’s model of temperament, Alice would be
classified as a(n) __________ child.
A)slow-to-warm-up
B)uninhibited
C)difficult
D)easy
Children acquire vocabulary so efficiently and accurately that some theorists believe that
A)principles such as mutual exclusivity bias have no bearing on language development.
B)it is governed by different cognitive strategies than those applied to nonlinguistic
information.
C)children reject a coalition of perceptual, social, and linguistic cues in favor of rote
learning.
D)they are innately biased to induce word meanings using certain principles.
Which of the following statements about self-esteem is true?
A)Children who attend schools where their SES is well-represented have fewer self-esteem
problems.
B)Compared with their Caucasian agemates, African-American children tend to have
slightly lower self-esteem.
C)Compared with U.S. children, Chinese and Japanese children tend to have slightly
higher self-esteem.
D)Gender-stereotyped beliefs have little, in any, effect on children’s overall self-esteem.
Which of the following statements about gender-role learning in gender-segregated peer
groups is true?
A)Boys are especially intolerant of “cross-gender” play in other boys.
B)Preschoolers are rarely criticized for engaging in “cross-gender” activities.
C)Preschoolers play in mixed-gender groups more than they play in same-sex groups.
D)To get their way, girls often rely on commands, threats, and physical force.
Jesse weighed 3.3 pounds when he was born. Research shows that he is at an increased
risk of __________ in adulthood.
A)prostate cancer
B)diabetes
C)lymphatic cancer
D)Alzheimer’s disease
95)Which of the following statements is supported by research on new parenthood?
A)After the birth of a baby, the gender roles of husband and wife generally become less
traditional.
B)For most new parents, the arrival of a baby causes significant marital strain.
C)Sharing caregiving predicts greater parental happiness and sensitivity to the baby.
D)New parents in troubled marriages usually show an increase in marital satisfaction after
a baby is born.
Poor diet
A)is not a major contributor to susceptibility to childhood diseases.
B)is usually unrelated to childhood illnesses such as measles and chicken pox.
C)depresses the body’s immune system, making children more susceptible to disease.
D)can cause childhood illnesses such as measles and chicken pox.
Using examples from the text, explain how cultural variations in infant-rearing
practices affect motor development.
Describe personal and situational factors that affect the extent to which children hold racial
and ethnic biases.
Define self-concept and self-esteem. In what ways might parents foster these aspects of
self-understanding in young children?
Mr. and Mrs. Harken are looking for a developmentally appropriate early childhood
program for their son Max. Describe for the Harkens what they should look for in terms of
physical setting, caregiver-child ratio, teacher qualifications, and daily activities.
Discuss the role of heredity and prenatal biological influences in the development of
sexual orientation. How might heredity lead to homosexuality?
Tina has noticed that her adolescent daughter is very self-conscious. Explain why this is
so, and be sure to use the terms imaginary audience and personal fable in your explanation.
Explain what Piaget’s famous conservation tasks reveal about preoperational children’s
thinking.