In Mr. Naffie’s Vygotskian classroom, he guides children’s learning with explanations,
demonstrations, and verbal prompts, tailoring his interventions to each child’s zone of
proximal development. This is an example of the Vygotskian principle of
A)peer collaboration.
B)discovery learning.
C)independent exploration.
D)assisted discovery.
Which of the following statements about social experience and moral understanding is
true?
A)Social experiences are not vital to the development of morality.
B)Children rarely benefit from adult-child discussions of moral issues.
C)Children learn to care about the welfare of others from warm, sensitive parental
communication.
D)Children who physically assault others tend to have parents who tell stories with moral
implications.
Stress-related prenatal complications are greatly reduced when mothers
A)have partners and friends who offer social support.
B)take a low dose of antianxiety medication during pregnancy.
C)take a folic acid supplement during pregnancy.
D)are placed on bed rest during the third trimester.
When asked to define “bicycle,” Emi said, “It’s got wheels, a chain, and handlebars.” Emi
is probably a
A)preschooler.
B)first grader.
C)fourth grader.
D)sixth grader.
Research reveals that on complex, multivariable tasks, children
A)view evidence as separate from and bearing on a theory.
B)often blend evidence and theory into a single representation of “the way things are.”
C)are unable to identify likely variables and make reasonable predictions.
D)are able to inhibit their initial judgment long enough to seek disconfirming evidence.
Immigrant parents from cultures that emphasize obedience to authority
A)usually grant their adolescents more freedom.
B)experience little conflict with their adolescent children.
C)often react strongly to adolescent disagreement.
D)often push adolescents toward independent decision making.
According to Levinson, 19-year-old Audrey is in the process of constructing a dream.
According to Levinson and subsequent investigations, Audrey’s dream will likely
A) emphasize both marriage and career.
B) change significantly by the time she graduates college.
C) fluctuate throughout her lifespan.
D) not be taken seriously by her professors.
During times of rapid cognitive change,
A)organization predominates over adaptation.
B)accommodation predominates over assimilation.
C)assimilation and accommodation are balanced.
D)adaptation and organization are balanced.
Children who __________ are especially vulnerable to child sexual abuse.
A)live in economically advantaged homes
B)live in homes with a constantly changing cast of characters
C)are physically strong and emotionally stable
D)are socially popular and have no disabilities
When interacting with their babies, mothers devote more time to __________ and fathers
devote more time to __________.
A)playful interaction; physical care
B)feeding and diaper changes; expressing affection
C)playful interaction; expressing affection
D)physical care; playful interaction
Siobhan recently went through a temporary period of distress as she experimented with
alternatives before settling on values and goals. According to Erikson, Siobhan has been
experiencing
A)an identity crisis.
B)serious adjustment problems.
C)a reworking of self-concept.
D)identity achievement.
Classical conditioning
A)helps infants anticipate what is about to happen next.
B)disappears once reflexive behaviors become voluntary.
C)plays a vital role in the formation of social relationships.
D)emerges only after newborn reflexes have begun to wane.
By the early school years,
A)most children always form stereotypes when some basis for them exists.
B)children’s parents’ and friends’ racial attitudes typically resemble their own.
C)children associate power and privilege with white people.
D)children pick up much information about group status from explicit messages from
adults.
When Americans and Europeans are asked about their motivations for parenthood, what
are the most frequent advantages and disadvantages they list?
Explain the concepts of bonding and rooming in. Is immediate physical contact necessary
for bonding to occur? Is there a sensitive period for bonding?
Discuss Levinson’s concept of a dream and the role that mentors play in the attainment of
dreams.
Describe the developmental sequence of cognitive play categories. Provide examples of
each.
Describe some of the consequences of child sexual abuse from early childhood to
adulthood.