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98
Chapter 6 – Protein: Amino Acids
An. Page(s)/difficulty K = knowledge-level, A = application level
Multiple Choice
Questions for Section 6.1 The Chemist’s View of Proteins
a. Carbon
b. Oxygen
c. Calcium
d. Nitrogen
proteins makes them unique?
a. Carbon
b. Oxygen
c. Nitrogen
d. Hydrogen
another?
a. The side group
b. The central carbon atom
c. The number of oxygen atoms
d. The number of nitrogen atoms
a. Iron
b. Sulfur
c. Calcium
d. Potassium
a. essential.
b. nonessential.
c. partially essential.
d. conditionally essential.
a. 8
b. 10
c. 14
d. 20
a. an acid group.
b. an amino group.
c. an aldehyde group.
d. a central carbon atom.
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proteins?
a. 5
b. 10
c. 20
d. 35
a. Valine
b. Glycine
c. Alanine
d. Methionine
a. Proline
b. Threonine
c. Methionine
d. Tryptophan
acid except
a. a fragment of fat.
b. an essential mineral.
c. an essential amino acid.
d. a fragment of carbohydrate.
b 175(A) 12. What amino acid is classified as conditionally essential when dietary intake of
phenylalanine is insufficient or the body cannot normally metabolize phenylalanine?
a. Cysteine
b. Tyrosine
c. Glutamine
d. Isoleucine
a. It is not necessary in the diet
b. It must be supplied by the diet
c. It can be made from fat in the body
d. It can be made from glucose in the body
molecule of water?
a. Hydrolysis
b. Deamination
c. Denaturation
d. Condensation
a. dipeptide.
b. diglyceride.
c. polypeptide.
d. disaccharide.
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a. One amino acid with three carbons
b. Three amino acids bonded together
c. One amino acid with three acid groups
d. Three small protein chains bonded together
a. Number of side chains in the protein
b. Folding arrangement of the peptide chain
c. Order of amino acids in the peptide chain
d. Order of only the essential amino acids in the protein
a. is not needed by the body.
b. can be synthesized by the body.
c. can be used to synthesize an indispensable amino acid.
d. cannot be synthesized by the body because of a genetic defect.
important factor that allows for the synthesis of thousands of different proteins?
a. Number of cell ribosomes
b. Number of different amino acids
c. Availability of amino acids containing sulfur
d. Availability of amino acids containing hydroxyl groups
a. 1 amino acid
b. 3 amino acids bonded together
c. 9 fatty acids bonded together
d. 20 amino acids bonded together
a. dipeptide.
b. tripeptide.
c. polypeptide.
d. oligopeptide.
a. primary structure.
b. secondary structure.
c. tertiary structure.
d. quaternary structure.
a. It has no tertiary structure
b. It holds the mineral calcium
c. It is constructed of 4 polypeptide chains
d. It has no primary or secondary structure
a. insulin.
b. tryptophan.
c. hemoglobin.
d. disulfide bridges.
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a. Digestion
b. Condensation
c. Denaturation
d. Hydrogenation
a. stiffening.
b. condensation.
c. denaturation.
d. destabilization.
a. Solidification
b. Denaturation
c. Condensation
d. Protein interaction
Questions for Section 6.2 Digestion and Absorption of Proteins
a. Mouth
b. Stomach
c. Small intestine
d. Large intestine
a. Peptidase
b. Propepsin
c. Pepsinogen
d. Propeptidase
a. Stomach
b. Pancreas
c. Small intestine
d. Large intestine
hydrochloric acid?
a. Pepsin
b. Transaminase
c. Pancreatic protease
d. Intestinal peptidase
a. proteases.
b. hydrolyzers.
c. prodigestins.
d. denaturases.
a. hydrolyze proteins.
b. synthesize proteins.
c. hydrolyze ribosomes.
d. synthesize ribosomes.
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a. Emulsifies dietary proteins
b. Activates hydrochloric acid
c. Activates pancreatic proteases
d. Cleaves proteins into smaller polypeptides
a. 0
b. 5-10
c. 15-20
d. 25-30
a. zymogen.
b. oligopeptide.
c. postenzyme.
d. cofactor for pancreatic enzymes.
a. Free amino acids only
b. Free amino acids and oligopeptides
c. Free amino acids and dipeptides only
d. Free amino acids, and a few dipeptides and tripeptides
a. Digested by gastrointestinal proteases
b. Rapidly degraded by salivary secretions
c. Mostly absorbed in original form from stomach
d. Completely absorbed in original form from jejunum
a. A sulfur-containing amino acid
b. A string of about 4-9 amino acids
c. A carbohydrate-containing protein
d. A protein containing only essential amino acids
a. They are all catalysts
b. They have a protein structure
c. They can be destroyed by heat
d. They are involved in synthesis reactions only
a. Lipid
b. Protein
c. Nucleic acid
d. Carbohydrate
a. some may be used for energy by the intestinal cells.
b. some may be used for synthesis of gastric protease.
c. some may be used for synthesis of proteins by the intestinal cells.
d. they may be transported across the intestinal cell membrane to the capillaries.
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healthy people?
a. Whole proteins
b. Predigested proteins
c. Proteins from raw foods
d. Mixture of free amino acids
of intestinal villus tripeptidases and dipeptidases. Which of the following digestive
processes would not take place?
a. Protein → oligopeptides
b. Peptides → amino acids
c. Amino acids → peptides
d. Polypeptides → tripeptides
Questions for Section 6.3 Proteins in the Body
a. 500
b. 10,000
c. 30,000
d. 1 million
a. The code to make a protein is carried by a strand of messenger RNA
b. The final step in completing the protein is carried out in the mitochondria
c. The function of transfer RNA is to assist in absorption of amino acids into the cell
d. The DNA binds to ribosomes and directs uptake of specific amino acids to form the
peptide chain
b 178-180(K) 47. Which of the following is a characteristic of protein synthesis?
a. Mitochondria are bound to DNA to initiate peptide bond synthesis
b. Messenger RNA is constructed from a DNA template to carry instructions
c. Hormones carry messages from RNA to DNA to direct peptide bond synthesis
d. RNA transfers up to 6 amino acids simultaneously to the mitochondria for peptide
elongation
c 180(K) 48. The process whereby messenger RNA is made from a DNA template is
a. expression.
b. sequencing.
c. transcription.
d. ribosome assembly.
a. A template for protein synthesis
b. A hard knot of subcutaneous protein mass
c. A structure upon which proteins are assembled
d. An antibody synthesized by specialized immune cells
a. the study of the body’s proteins in known as proteomics.
b. protein synthesis requires messenger RNA and transfer RNA.
c. most of the body’s thousands of proteins have been studied and characterized.
d. the synthesis of a protein by following the genetic code is known as gene expression.
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time and that it’s from having abnormally-shaped hemoglobin. What type of anemia does
James have?
a. Sickle-cell anemia
b. Macrocytic anemia
c. Iron-deficiency anemia
d. Low oxygen-carrying anemia
structure of hemoglobin leads to the disease
a. diabetes.
b. marasmus.
c. kwashiorkor.
d. sickle-cell anemia.
a. The disorder can be serious but not fatal
b. The disorder leads to depression of energy expenditure
c. The abnormal structure of the hemoglobin alters the shape of the red blood cell
d. The hemoglobin amino acid sequence is abnormal in all four of the polypeptide
chains
a. Lipid
b. Protein
c. Nucleic acid
d. Carbohydrate
a. Albumin
b. Thrombin
c. Collagen
d. Hydroxyproline
a. Ferritin
b. Albumin
c. Collagen
d. Hemoglobin
a. Inactivate bacteria
b. Act as messenger molecules
c. Coordinate visual response
d. Act as buffers in the bloodstream
a. Collagen
b. Transferrin
c. Hemoglobin
d. Lipoproteins
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a. Proteins attract water
b. Water attracts proteins
c. Water degrades proteins
d. Proteins form polymers of water
balance except
a. inadequate protein intake may lead to edema.
b. insufficient protein synthesis by the liver may lead to edema.
c. excessive protein losses by the kidney may lead to dehydration.
d. excessive protein intake burdens the kidneys to excrete unused nitrogen.
a. pH balance.
b. protein balance.
c. nitrogen balance.
d. endogenous metabolism.
a. edema.
b. acidosis.
c. alkalosis.
d. extravascularization.
a. acids.
b. buffers.
c. enzymes.
d. antibodies.
a. Helps emulsify fats
b. Helps maintain a constant pH
c. Facilitates chemical reactions
d. Helps protect against plaque buildup
proteins?
a. pH balance
b. Fluid balance
c. Blood clotting
d. Synthesis of visual pigments
a. Antidiuretic hormone transports potassium and prodiuretic hormone carries sodium
b. There are specific transport proteins in the blood that deliver the minerals to the cell
cytoplasm
c. The balance of insulin and glucagon determines the movement of these minerals into
and out of cells
d. There are transport proteins within the cell membrane that pick up and release the
minerals across the membrane
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a. An antigen
b. An antibody
c. A light-sensitive protein
d. A blood transport protein
d 183((K) 68. Which of the following proteins inactivates foreign bacteria and viruses?
a. Enzymes
b. Collagen
c. Hormones
d. Antibodies
a. mutations.
b. antibodies.
c. erythrocytes.
d. whey protein.
a. Tripeptide
b. Small nucleic acid
c. Huge protein molecule
d. Large peptide molecule
a. Opsin
b. Fibrin
c. Collagen
d. Transferrin
the energy as protein?
a. 2.5
b. 5
c. 10
d. 15
a. Calorimetry
b. Nitrogen balance
c. Amino acid pool
d. Supplementary value
a. a healthy state.
b. nitrogen equilibrium.
c. positive nitrogen balance.
d. negative nitrogen balance.
a. The sum of protein in food and the body
b. The sum of protein synthesis and degradation
c. The amount of protein absorbed from the diet
d. The amount of protein used to synthesize glucose
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a. The total amino acid content derived from a 24-hour dietary intake
b. A measure of the circulating essential amino acid levels available for protein
synthesis
c. The total amount of free amino acids in the circulation destined for deamination and
excretion
d. A mix of essential and nonessential amino acids derived from protein breakdown and
dietary protein intake
year-old person who weighs 60 kg and consumes a diet that provides 75 g of protein and
adequate energy?
a. Equilibrium
b. Positive balance
c. Negative balance
d. Endogenous balance
a. essential amino acids only.
b. endogenous amino acids only.
c. nonessential amino acids only.
d. both essential and nonessential amino acids.
10% protein and excreted a total of 12 grams of nitrogen?
a. 0 g
b. -3 g
c. -1 g
d. +2 g
ingested 16 g of food nitrogen and lost 19 g of nitrogen?
a. Equilibrium
b. Positive balance
c. Negative balance
d. Exogenous balance
women?
a. Equilibrium
b. Metabolic
c. Positive
d. Negative
niacin?
a. Glycine
b. Tyrosine
c. Methionine
d. Tryptophan
a. Nitrogen equilibrium
b. The antibody-antigen complex
c. The synthesis and degradation of body proteins
d. The secondary structure of proteins that initiates folding
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a. After absorption, the liver will store the extra amino acids
b. After absorption, the extra amino acids will be rapidly degraded
c. Digestion will be decreased by 30 to 60%, resulting in less absorption
d. After absorption, extra proteins will be synthesized and stored for use when protein
intake returns to normal
a. uric acid.
b. keto acid.
c. folic acid.
d. gluco acid.
a. proteins of plant origin only.
b. proteins of animal origin only.
c. adequate levels of carbohydrate and fat.
d. mixed protein sources on alternate days.
a. fat only.
b. glycogen only.
c. glycogen and fat only.
d. glycogen, protein, and fat.
a. Removal of the amino group from an amino acid
b. Separation of an amino acid from a peptide chain
c. Addition of an amino group to form a new amino acid
d. Addition of an amino acid to form a larger peptide chain
diet?
a. Diarrhea
b. Increased thirst
c. Nitrogen toxicity
d. Increased water retention in the body
a. Urea
b. Enzymes
c. Ammonia
d. Cholesterol
a. Decreased excretion of calcium
b. Decreased size of the liver and kidneys
c. Increased production and excretion of urea
d. Increased protein storage by the liver and kidneys
a. All amino acids
b. Animal proteins only
c. Essential amino acids only
d. Nonessential amino acids only
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amino acid?
a. Deamination
b. Ureagenesis
c. Transamination
d. Ammoniogenesis
a. Excreted as urea
b. Burned for energy
c. Stored in the liver
d. Converted to glucose
a. protein.
b. carbohydrate.
c. saturated fat.
d. unsaturated fat.
levels?
a. Liver dysfunction
b. Kidney dysfunction
c. Protein intake twice the RDA
d. Protein intake one-tenth the RDA
to decrease the amount protein he consumes. If Jason cheats by eating an 8-ounce steak
for dinner tonight, shortly thereafter there would most likely be an increase in the urea
levels of his
a. urine.
b. blood.
c. stools.
d. sweat.
a. Liver dysfunction
b. Kidney dysfunction
c. Protein intake twice the RDA
d. Protein intake one-tenth the RDA
a. essential amino acids.
b. nonessential amino acids.
c. neurotransmitters and hormones.
d. both nonessential and essential amino acids.
functioning
a. liver.
b. spleen.
c. kidney.
d. intestinal tract.
