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for all the new employees on safety. Counselors were instructed to prohibit campers from
eating peanut butter and jelly sandwiches anywhere other than the cafeteria. You believe
that the most likely explanation for this rule is to
a. prevent food poisoning.
b. help keep the facilities clean.
c. minimize jelly exposure for campers with jelly allergies.
d. minimize peanut exposure for campers with peanut allergies.
a. Eggs, peanuts, and milk
b. Bananas, juice, and cola
c. Apples, noodles, and rice
d. Pears, oatmeal, and chocolate
a. Eggs
b. Peanuts
c. Shellfish
d. Cow’s milk
a. anaphylactic shock.
b. hyperhistamine response.
c. hyporespiratory syndrome.
d. wheezing food intolerance.
breathing, swelling of the tongue, and severe abdominal discomfort is most likely in
immediate need of a life-saving injection of
a. cortisone.
b. serotonin.
c. epinephrine.
d. acetylcholine.
a. they can be diagnosed only by testing for antibodies.
b. allergic reactions to food may appear immediately or 24 hours later.
c. the presence of antibodies always coincides with physical symptoms.
d. once a food allergy is diagnosed, it is imperative that the offending food be totally
eliminated.
a. casein.
b. lactose.
c. medium-chain fats.
d. bovine growth hormone.
a. Milk
b. Diglycerides
c. Peanut butter
d. Textured vegetable protein
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hives, but do not show antibodies to the offending foods, are displaying
a. food intolerances.
b. delayed allergies.
c. subclinical allergies.
d. undiagnosed food toxicities.
overweight?
a. 4
b. 8
c. 16
d. 32
a. The typical obese child does not learn food behaviors from his family
b. A nonobese child of nonobese parents has a less than 10% chance of becoming obese
in adulthood
c. An obese adolescent with one obese parent has virtually a 100% chance of becoming
obese in adulthood
d. The typical obese child today has approximately the same energy intake as did
children 30 years ago
an obese adult?
a. 1 in 5
b. 2 in 5
c. 3 in 5
d. 4 in 5
hours/day of television viewing for a child under 2 years of age?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
a. Teenage boys
b. Teenage girls
c. Pre-teen boys
d. Pre-teen girls
a. 1
b. 3
c. 7
d. 10
a. 25
b. 125
c. 415
d. 750
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limiting television and video time for children older than 2 years to how many hours per
day?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
except
a. children who have a television in their bedrooms are more likely to be overweight
than those who do not.
b. the viewing of television and playing of video games requires the expenditure of no
more energy than basal metabolism.
c. children who watch television for 4 or more hours per day are least likely to eat fruits
and vegetables and most likely to be obese.
d. children are exposed to thousands of TV commercials each year but their requests for
advertised foods are heeded by their parents only half the time.
a. they begin puberty earlier.
b. they can achieve a normal appearance after losing excess fat.
c. they develop greater bone and muscle mass in response to carrying the extra weight.
d. they grow taller than their normal-weight peers at first, but then stop growing at a
shorter height.
a. Obesity and high blood lipids
b. Anorexia and nutrient deficiencies
c. Drug abuse and teenage pregnancy
d. Hyperactivity and lower body weight
over the past 30 years?
a. They eat more snacks
b. They sleep more hours
c. They consume more sugar
d. They are less active physically
a. Obesity
b. High sodium intake
c. Insufficient calcium intake
d. Insufficient potassium intake
c 551(A) 114. Which of the following is a feature of nutrition and behavior in children?
a. Hyperactivity responds favorably to a low-sugar diet
b. The adverse effects from caffeine first appear only after drinking 6 cans of cola in
one day
c. Television commercials featuring snack foods have been found to affect children’s
food preferences
d. Because most children are sensitive to the stimulating effects of caffeine, they are
able to control their intake of cola beverages
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practice with his parents for help on losing weight. What advice should be given to the
parents?
a. Reduce his energy intake by 50 kcalories per day
b. Reduce his energy intake by 100 kcalories per day
c. Encourage a weight loss goal of 5 lbs per month
d. Maintain weight and do not encourage weight loss during growth and development
institute for their children?
a. Serve them smaller portions
b. Serve them 3 meals a day without dessert
c. Teach them to take appropriate food portions
d. Serve them more beverages and less solid food
a. Encourage the individual to eat quickly and then leave the table
b. Institute new eating habits such as teaching the individual to clean the food plate
c. Engage the individual in at least 1 hour per day of moderate to vigorous physical
activity
d. Take control and strongly encourage the individual to lose weight by limiting food
intake and regular vigorous exercise
a. It can lead to a lowering of self-esteem
b. Children’s school performance can deteriorate
c. Most children are unable to learn new food habits
d. Diet restriction can interfere with growth and development
a. School nurse
b. Parents/caregivers
c. Health-care professional
d. School physical education instructor
that young people eat well?
a. Control the availability of food
b. Control the consumption of food
c. Prohibit eating except at mealtime
d. Provide an emotional climate that discourages snacking
develop an interest in vegetables?
a. Serve vegetables warm, not hot
b. Serve vegetables separately on the plate
c. Serve vegetables undercooked and crunchy
d. Serve vegetables with the promise that after they are eaten, dessert will follow
relatively resistant to change. How should wise parents react?
a. Be patient and persistent
b. Impose their own eating habits on the children
c. Wait until the children start school to initiate changes
d. Exert continuous pressure to initiate good food habits
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a. hot foods are preferred to warm ones.
b. smooth foods are preferred to lumpy ones.
c. raw vegetables are preferred to cooked ones.
d. green and yellow vegetables are often rejected.
a. snacking should be prevented.
b. sweet snacks are preferred to bland ones.
c. snacks should be as nutritious as regular meal foods.
d. children select healthier snacks when their parents are watching.
foods to children?
a. Offer foods one at a time
b. Offer foods in small amounts
c. Create a pleasant eating atmosphere
d. Present new foods at the end of the meal
a. send the child to his/her room.
b. withhold dessert until all food on the plate is eaten.
c. quietly remove it and present it again at another time.
d. encourage other family members to coax the child to eat it.
that are high in
a. iron.
b. fiber.
c. sugar.
d. protein.
a. example.
b. punishment.
c. singling out only hazardous nutrition practices for attention.
d. explaining the importance of eating new foods as a prerequisite for dessert.
should be provided by public school lunches?
a. 1/8
b. 1/4
c. 1/3
d. 1/2
a. They must follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans
b. They allow for low-fat menus while still meeting the needs for iron
c. They ensure a lunch period long enough to consume the entire meal
d. They are overwhelmingly preferred over the foods obtained by students through on–
site vending machines and snack bars
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selection at schools except
a. reducing the prices of nutritious foods does not promote their purchase by students.
b. students may bring unhealthful lunches to school rather than consume the school
lunch.
c. short lunch periods and long waiting lines prevent some students from eating lunch.
d. consumption of pizza and soft drinks sold at schools resulted in lower calcium and
vitamin A intakes and higher energy intakes than consumption of school lunches.
Questions for Section 16.3 Nutrition during Adolescence
a. affects the brain primarily.
b. decreases total nutrient needs.
c. affects every organ except the brain.
d. begins and ends earlier in girls than in boys.
a. 6 months
b. 1 year
c. 2½ years
d. 6 years
a. Obesity occurs more often in African-American females
b. Appetite for red meat increases in females to meet iron needs
c. More nutrient-dense foods are needed by males because of their faster development
d. The risk for calcium insufficiency is greatest in males due to their high intake of soft
drinks
a. the RDA for 13-year-old males and females is about the same.
b. the RDA increases during the growth spurt for both males and females.
c. iron intakes often do not meet increasing needs for growth for males and females.
d. the frequency of iron deficiency is similar among males and females of the same age.
supportive of this change; however, not all the students believe this is useful. You have a
few minutes to speak to the student body, and your talk should
a. emphasize that the milk will be priced lower than the other beverages.
b. mention that the other beverages like soda have CO2, which increases the risk for
heartburn.
c. point out that milk is a good source of calcium, which is required for teens during
peak bone growth.
d. explain how milk contains important nutrients that lower the risk for anemia,
especially in teenage girls.
a. A female’s time of first menstruation
b. The adolescent growth spurt in males
c. The adolescent growth spurt in females
d. A borderline anemia state in adolescents
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except
a. their intakes of milk decline during their growth spurts.
b. lactose intolerance begins to intensify during the teenage years.
c. the requirements for calcium are relatively high during this life stage.
d. low physical activity provides little stimulus for enhancing bone mass and calcium
retention.
a. the consumption of milk and fruit juices occurs primarily at breakfast.
b. eating dinner more often with families reduces the likelihood of smoking, drinking,
and drug use.
c. eating with families results in higher intake of fruits and calcium-dense foods than
eating few family meals.
d. eating breakfast results in higher overall daily intakes of protein and fat but
unchanged intakes of iron and zinc compared with breakfast skippers.
a. Juice intake is spread throughout the day
b. Milk intake occurs primarily between meals
c. Males are more likely to drink less milk than are females
d. Four standard colas a day provides enough caffeine to alter behavior
a. 5-20 mg
b. 30-55 mg
c. 75 mg
d. 150 mg
a. 5 mg
b. 100 mg
c. 200 mg
d. 500 mg
snacks?
a. 1/4
b. 1/3
c. 1/2
d. 2/3
b 562(A) 145. About how many meals each week are eaten outside the home by adolescents?
a. 3
b. 7
c. 14
d. 21
a. They have blunted hunger sensations
b. They have higher intakes of carotene-rich foods
c. They have lower body weights than nonsmokers
d. They degrade vitamin C faster than nonsmokers
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about
a. 2 lbs.
b. 5 lbs.
c. 10 lbs.
d. 18 lbs.
a. Smoking cigarettes increases the feeling of hunger
b. Smokers require more vitamin C to maintain body stores
c. Tobacco users in this population group are advised to take supplements of beta–
carotene
d. The risk of mouth cancer is slightly lower for users of smokeless tobacco compared
with smokers
Questions for Section 16.4 Childhood Obesity and the Early Development of Chronic Diseases
a. fatty streaks may begin to form within the first 10 years of life.
b. once plaque is formed, it can be contained but cannot regress.
c. it is possible for people to age with little arterial plaque formation.
d. heart disease rates due to atherosclerosis rise most dramatically at around age 45 in
males and 55 in females.
except
a. cholesterol intake should be limited beginning at 2 years of age.
b. blood cholesterol levels in children are good predictors of their adult levels.
c. there appears to be only a very weak correlation between obesity in children and
their blood cholesterol levels.
d. serum cholesterol is higher in children viewing television for 2 hours per day
compared with more active individuals.
a. acceptable total cholesterol levels are up to 240 mg/d.
b. cholesterol levels at birth are similar in all populations.
c. childhood obesity and high cholesterol levels show a strong association.
d. children with high cholesterol levels usually have parents with high cholesterol
levels.
lipids?
a. They tend to grow into physically active adults, and vice versa
b. They weigh less and also smoke less than their less active peers
c. They show a healthier blood lipid profile than their less active peers
d. They respond differently than do physically active adults towards changes in blood
lipids
a. Children ages 4-18 years should consume at least 25% fat energy
b. Children with high blood cholesterol should be treated first with statin drugs
c. Children ages 1-2 years who are obese should consume reduced-fat milk rather than
whole milk
d. Children ages 1-2 years need an amount of fat to support their growth that is much
higher than 25% fat energy
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Matching
B 529 01. Expected weight, in pounds, of an infant with a birthweight of seven pounds at one year
E 530 02. Typical daily energy need, in kcalories per kg body weight, of an infant
L 532 03. Essential fatty acid in breast milk
T 533 04. Chief protein in human breast milk
G 533 05. Chief protein in cow’s milk
N 533 06. Nutrient that is low in human milk but adequate in infant formulas
O 533 07. Pre-milk substance from the breast, containing antibodies
S 534 08. Substance in breast milk that promotes growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestines
P 534 09. Substance in breast milk that deprives intestinal bacteria of iron
Q 534 10. A breast milk protein that fights virus-induced diarrhea
M 535 11. Process whereby breast milk is gradually replaced by formula or semi-solid foods
H 535 12. Low content of this nutrient makes goat’s milk inappropriate for infants
J 537 13. Another term for supplemental or weaning foods
I 538 14. Possible source of infant botulism
F 545 15. Deficiency of this nutrient in children shows symptoms similar to mild lead toxicity
A 547 16. Approximate percentage of young children diagnosed with food allergies
R 548 17. Substance given to prevent anaphylactic shock in people with food allergies
D 550 18. Percent chance of becoming an obese adult for an obese teen with one obese parent
K 559 19. Period in life when an individual becomes physically capable of reproduction
C 563 20. Percentage of students graduating high school who report having been drunk at least once
Essay
Page(s)
529–531 01. Describe the growth curve of infants from birth to 1 year. Compare the energy needs
of this age group with that of adults.
530–531 02. Compare the heart rate, respiration rate, and energy needs of infants with those of
adults.
531 03. Why is excess protein consumption by infants especially harmful? List the signs of
protein overload in infants. How can protein overload be prevented?
532 04. Explain the feeding pattern of healthy breastfed infants.
533 05. Discuss the importance of omega-3 fatty acids in the development of infants.
533 06. Why do most infant formulas now contain omega-3 fatty acids?
533–534 07. Describe 5 substances present in breast milk that affect immunologic function of the
infant.
534 08. Discuss the importance of breast milk banks. What steps are taken to exclude breast
milk that may contain undesirable substances?
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534 09. Discuss the long-term benefits of breastfeeding on body weight in later life.
535 10. Discuss the significance and application of hypoallergenic infant formulas.
536 11. Discuss the special nutritional needs of the preterm infant and ways to meet these
needs.
536 12. Why is preterm breast milk suitable to meet the special needs of the preterm infant?
536–538 13. Discuss guidelines for introducing first foods to an infant.
536–538 14. Explain the appropriate procedure for introducing new foods to children.
538–539 15. Discuss the special considerations for the use of vegetarian diets during infancy.
539–540 16. What practices by caregivers encourage the development of good eating habits
during early childhood?
544–545 17. Discuss the short– and long-term consequences of iron deficiency in children on
behavior and on school performance.
545 18. Compare and contrast physical signs for hair, eyes, teeth, and gums in healthy and
malnourished children.
545 19. Describe a healthy and malnourished appearance of the skin and nails of children.
545–546 20. Give examples of how hunger and nutrient deficiencies affect behavior in children.
545–546 21. Describe the physical and mental effects of lead exposure on children.
546 22. What is the relationship between nutrition and hyperactivity in children?
547 23. List possible reasons for the increase in the incidence of peanut allergy.
547–548 24. Differentiate between a person who has an asymptomatic allergy and one with a
symptomatic allergy.
547–548 25. Explain how food allergies are diagnosed. If there is a positive diagnosis, what is the
treatment?
547–549 26. Discuss the effects of food allergies and food intolerances on nutritional status.
548 27. What is anaphylactic shock? List 6 symptoms of impending anaphylactic shock and
the immediate treatment for this reaction.
549–553 28. Discuss the effects of obesity in childhood. What steps can be taken to prevent and to
treat this condition?
551 29. Discuss the contribution of television exposure and video games to obesity in
children.
551 30. Describe the difference in physical traits of obese children and their normal-weight
peers.
552 31. Describe the psychological development of children who become overweight.
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554–555 32. Discuss the importance of food color, flavor, and temperature in relation to food
preferences in children.
555–556 33. What steps can parents take to help ensure that children consume healthful snacks?
555–556 34. List two healthful snacks from each of the food groups: grains, vegetables, fruits,
dairy, and meats/legumes.
557–558 35. List the American Dietetic Association’s nutrition standards for meal plans for child–
care programs.
558 36. Discuss factors that undermine positive nutrition influences at school.
560–561 37. What accounts for the increased need for iron in male and female adolescents?
560–561 38. Discuss differences in iron needs among adolescent males and females.
561 39. Describe the importance of calcium intake during adolescence. Do most adolescents
meet their calcium needs?
561–562 40. Discuss the importance of adolescents eating meals at home. What nutrient intakes
are typically lower in adolescents who miss breakfast?
561–562 41. Describe common eating patterns of teenagers and suggest appropriate changes to
foster better eating habits.
563 42. List 4 nutrition problems associated with drug abuse and tobacco use in adolescents.
563 43. Describe the effects of smoking by adolescents on nutrition and health. What usually
happens to body weight when someone gives up smoking?
564 44. What is meant when certain factors are described as playing a determining role
versus a permissive role in the risk for diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular
disorders?
569–570 45. List factors that encourage the early development of type 2 diabetes in children.
569–570 46. Describe the role of genetics in the risk for type 2 diabetes and heart disease in
children.
570 47. Describe the development of arterial plaque from birth to the sixth decade of life.
570–571 48. Describe relationships among obesity, hypertension, and blood cholesterol in
children and adolescents.
571–572 49. List dietary guidelines for fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol for children from age 4
to age 18.
571–572 50. What are dietary recommendations for fat, energy, saturated fat, and cholesterol in
children younger than 2 years?