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b. collectivistic
c. high uncertainty avoidance
d. low uncertainty avoidance
42. In collectivistic cultures, social situations are perceived as opportunities to
a. influence and master others.
b. increase uncertainty avoidance.
c. decrease uncertainty avoidance.
d. develop or strengthen relationships.
43. Crystal is trying to decide whether she should take a job in a large city or a small town.
While reflecting on the decision, she realizes she dislikes the fast-paced crowds and noise
associated with cities and enjoys the quiet of slower towns. To make her decision, Crystal
relied on
a. self-verification.
b. self-knowledge.
c. self-esteem.
d. self-speak.
44. Development of self-knowledge relies on continually
a. maintaining our self-concept even if it isn’t accurate.
b. examining the accuracy of our self-concept.
c. considering all information from our self-concept, including inaccurate or outdated
characteristics.
d. avoiding new information so that our self-concept remains stable.
45. ________ involves evaluating yourself based on how you think you compare to others.
a. Self-concept
b. Self-verification
c. Social comparison
d. Social efficacy
46. Amanda is an avid quilter and has noticed her quilts are much nicer and more detailed than
those of her peers. On a trip to a quilt museum, she noticed the work of other more advanced
quilters was even more detailed than hers. Evaluating her work based on the work of peers
and experts is known as
a. self-assessment.
b. social comparison.
c. self-esteem.
d. social efficacy.
47. Comparing ourselves to impossibly high standards can lead to
a. higher self-esteem.
b. improved self-efficacy.
c. inaccurate perceptions of failure.
d. improved social relations.
48. Regardless of whether you are an individualist or a collectivist, when using social
comparison to evaluate yourself objectively, it is important to compare yourself to others
who
a. know you.
b. are better than you.
c. who are similar than you.
d. are unknown to you.
49. Tamara has lived away from home for several years and works as a critical care nurse at a
local hospital. Tamara, her husband, and her coworkers believe she is a caring and nurturing
person, yet her mother still sees Tamara as a selfish and immature teenager. Her mother’s
perception is an example of
a. self-concept.
b. self-presentation.
c. obsolete information.
d. symptomatic information.
50. The ___________________ is a visual representation of the parts of yourself that are known
to you and known to others.
a. self-concept
b. Sahara door
c. Johari Window
d. chi square table
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51. In the Johari Window, the part of yourself that is known by you and also by others is the
_______ area.
a. open
b. hidden
c. blind
d. unknown
52. In the Johari Window, the part of yourself that is known by you but not by others is the
_______ area.
a. open
b. hidden
c. blind
d. unknown
53. In the Johari Window, the part of yourself that is hidden from you and from others is the
_______ area.
a. open
b. hidden
c. blind
d. unknown
54. Brandon is unaware that he is short tempered and often overreacts to events around him, yet
others see this behavior clearly. Which block in the Johari Window do these behaviors
represent?
a. open
b. hidden
c. blind
d. unknown
55. Typically, the strongest and most lasting relationships have __________ in the Johari
Window.
a. small open areas
b. large hidden areas
c. large open areas
d. large unknown areas
56. Winston and Samantha have been married for 20 years. The Johari Window that represents
their relationship has a large open area, which suggests
a. they are keeping secrets from one another.
b. there is trust.
c. they are cautious about what they will share with one another.
d. there are unaware of how they communicate with one another.
57. Which of the following strategies is useful in reducing the size of the blind area in a Johari
Window?
a. Ignore feedback provided by others.
b. Reject feedback provided by others.
c. Ask for and be open to feedback from others.
d. Respond defensively to feedback from others.
58. Becky presents a vivacious, bubbly personality when she is out with acquaintances but a
more serious, subdued self when alone. Respectively, these two selves are called _______
and
a. personality 1; personality 2.
b. private self; public self.
c. public self; private self.
d. outward self; inward self.
59. When Chance goes dancing, he wears tight jeans and sleeveless shirts so his tattoos are
clearly visible. However, he would never dream of dressing this way at the office. His
change of clothing depending on the situation is an example of
a. the private self.
b. self-monitoring.
c. personality dilemma.
d. outward self.
60. ______________ self-monitors rarely change their dress or persona from one situation to
another.
a. Low
b. High
c. Outward
d. Inward
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61. There is a developmental change in self-monitoring. Compared to younger people, older
people’s scores on self-monitoring measures
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. become more stable.
d. become less stable.
62. The best way to determine the success of your self-monitoring ability is to examine
__________ and consider the effectiveness.
a. others’ abilities to self-monitor.
b. the context and determine whether you should self-monitor.
c. your own self-monitoring.
d. your parents’ self-monitoring.
63. Erikson’s first stage of adult development, ____________________, involves establishing
and maintaining close relationship with a life partner.
a. identity vs. role confusion
b. intimacy vs. isolation
c. trust vs. mistrust
d. generativity vs. stagnation
64. Fifteen-year-old Abby is secure and has a strong sense of self. According to Erikson, she has
achieved
a. intimacy.
b. identity.
c. isolation.
d. generativity.
65. According to Erikson, before Marshall can develop intimacy with another person, he must
have established his
a. identity.
b. integrity.
c. isolation.
d. generativity.
66. Evan and his wife, Julie, have two kids. Julie recently quit her stressful job as an accountant
to stay home with the kids. She says this change in her life allows her to nurture the kids and
help them develop their own identities. According to Erikson, Julie has resolved a conflict in
which stage of adult development?
a. Identity vs. role confusion
b. Intimacy vs. isolation
c. Generativity vs. stagnation
d. Integrity vs. despair
67. Middle-aged adults who do not meet the challenge of contributing to the next generation
experience frustration and lack fulfillment. According to Erikson, these adults are
experiencing
a. role confusion.
b. isolation.
c. stagnation.
d. despair.
68. According to Levinson’s study of men from varying backgrounds, their lives are made up of
a cycle of stable and __________ periods.
a. intimate
b. cross-cultural
c. stagnate
d. transitional
69. Forty-two-year-old Kristine is unhappy at work and at home and feels that many of the
dreams she had for herself have been replaced with a boring job and a demanding family.
According to Levinson, Kristine is probably experiencing
a. early adult transition.
b. isolation.
c. generativity.
d. a midlife crisis.
70. A _________is defined as a group of people born at about the same time in history who
share common experiences.
a. cluster
b. collective
c. culture
d. cohort
71. According to Gail Sheehy, adults can experience different roles in life during the
a. Tryout Twenties
b. Turbulent Thirties
c. Flourishing Forties
d. Middlescence
72. Aisha has been spending time reflecting on her life so far. This reflection has included
examining her goals, values, and identity. According to Sheehy, Aisha is in the
a. Tryout Twenties.
b. Turbulent Thirties.
c. Flourishing Forties.
d. Middlescence.
73. Catherine is a high-powered attorney working at a prestigious law firm and a mother of two
small children. She recently came to the conclusion that she will not fulfill her dream of
partner by age 40. According to Sheehy, giving up this dream is also known as a
a. meaning crisis.
b. shift from competing to connecting.
c. midlife transition.
d. stagnant choice.
74. Ron has given up on his dream to be a famous baseball player and has begun fulfilling the
qualifications to be an accountant at his father’s firm. According to Sheehy, recognizing the
benefits of middle age can only occur when participants come to terms with the
__________of their First Adulthood.
a. little death
b. birth
c. midlife transition
d. stagnant choice
75. The ________________ is/are characterized by a sense of inner harmony, usually a result of
a sense of living in a manner consistent with one’s ideal self.
a. Age of Mastery
b. Flaming Fifties
c. Serene Sixties
d. Sage Seventies