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41. Audrey has the opportunity to take a sales position out of state. This promotion will increase
her visibility in the company, as well as her salary. Although her spouse is supportive, the
career move will take her away from her family two nights a week. In weighing the
advantages and disadvantages of this promotion, which value system will she probably use
the most in making her decision?
a. Individualism-collectivism
b. Power distance
c. Masculinity-femininity
d. Population density
42. Individuals from collectivistic cultures are more likely to live in _______ families, whereas
individuals from individualistic cultures are more likely to live in ________ families.
a. nuclear; extended
b. extended; nuclear
c. stable; unstable
d. stable; unstable
43. Which of the following is an example of a country considered high in collectivism?
a. Italy
b. India
c. Japan
d. South Korea
44. Cultures placing higher value on the individual are called __________cultures.
a. self-centered
b. individualistic
c. collectivistic
d. power limited
45. Sandra turned down her dream job interview at a Fortune 500 accounting firm to be at her
niece’s baptism. Choosing family over one’s personal success is more reflective of someone
in the _________ culture.
a. individualistic
b. high power distance
c. masculine
d. collectivistic
46. According to a study of more than 50 countries, ____ and _____ countries are the most
collectivistic.
a. Scandinavian; Finnish
b. Eastern European; African
c. North American; Western European
d. South American, Asian
47. In collectivist countries, the relationship between the individual and his or her group is
a. independent.
b. collectivistic.
c. autonomous.
d. interdependent.
48. In individualistic countries, the relationship between the individual and his or her group is
a. independent.
b. collectivistic.
c. collaborative.
d. interdependent.
49. The value of independence in individualistic cultures also influences elderly adults by
a. increasing the likelihood that an adult child would take care of his or her elderly parents.
b. increasing the likelihood that elderly individuals will move into convalescent homes,
rather have adult children take care of them.
c. decreasing the likelihood that adults will reach older adulthood.
d. increasing the likelihood that adult children will quit full-time employment to care for
elderly parents.
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50. Darren had his first lemonade stand at six; his first dog washing job at 10 and his first lawn
service company at 12. More than likely Darren lives in a(n) _____________ culture.
a. individualistic
b. collectivistic
c. feminine
d. low power distance
51. One advantage to living in an individualistic culture is the focus on
a. sharing.
b. interdependence.
c. personal choice.
d. family.
52. When compared to individualistic cultures, collectivistic cultures enjoy ________ loyalty in
family and social groups.
a. greater
b. marginally less
c. the same
d. significantly
53. Of the three dimensions most often studied with respect to culture, _________ has been the
most widely used in cross-cultural research.
a. high power distance-low power distance
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b. masculinity-femininity
c. idealism-realism
d. individualism-collectivism.
54. __________ examines how a culture addresses the basic issue of human inequality.
a. Collectivism
b. Realism
c. Power distance
d. Economics
55. Fraternities often have a strict power hierarchy including pledges, members, officers, and the
president. An organization such as this where inequality is valued could also be known as a
____________ power distance culture.
a. high
b. low
c. moderate
d. necessary
56. Individuals who come from a country which deemphasizes hierarchies and tries to reduce
the distance between those hierarchies are from a ________ power distance culture.
a. high
b. low
c. moderate
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d. necessary
57. In high power distance cultures power is seen as __________, whereas in low power
distance cultures, power is seen as
a. evil; justified.
b. deserving; evil.
c. deserving; arbitrary.
d. arbitrary; evil.
58. In low power distance cultures, there is more ______________, meaning that a person born
in a lower class has greater opportunity to achieve higher status than a similar person in a
high power distance culture.
a. social mobility
b. social discussion
c. social stagnation
d. inequality
59. To explain the high power distance in France, as compared to other European countries, one
can examine its
a. climate.
b. economy.
c. enduring history of aristocracy.
d. decrease in technological advances.
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60. Iman grew up in a high power distance culture. Which of the following statements is
uncharacteristic of individuals from that type of culture?
a. He respects his teacher and never questions their authority in public.
b. He perceives his teacher as a facilitator and enjoys debating him on issues related to his
country.
c. He only speaks to his teacher when spoken to.
d. He rarely thinks critically about the information covered in his class.
61. Craig enjoys his job and perceives himself to be a valuable employee because his boss often
consults him concerning work issues and new policies. Which of the following cultures is
most supportive of this kind of work environment?
a. High power distance
b. High uncertainty avoidance
c. Low uncertainty avoidance
d. Low power distance
62. Some cultures perceive ambiguity as an ongoing threat to be resisted whereas others
perceive ambiguity as normal and nonthreatening. This concept is known as
a. certainty avoidance.
b. uncertainty avoidance.
c. stress avoidance.
d. uncertainty acceptance.
63. Individuals from low uncertainty avoidance cultures
a. are motivated to stay busy.
b. feel free to express emotions.
c. are comfortable with uncertainty.
d. need clarity and structure.
64. Individuals from high uncertainty avoidance cultures
a. have lower stress.
b. suppress their emotions.
c. are comfortable with uncertainty.
d. need clarity and structure.
65. One way anxiety is reduced in high UA cultures is through
a. anxiety avoidance.
b. open expression of emotions.
c. staying relaxed, which helps channel anxious energy.
d. avoiding stability as much as possible.
66. Individuals from high uncertainty cultures appear
a. more reactive to unexpected events.
b. less cautious in approaching new situations.
c. less resistant to change and new ideas.
d. more curious in response to ambiguity.
67. Carol and James are working on a group project for their Human Relations class. Carol
would like a set schedule for when different parts of the project will be completed. James
argues that not only would a schedule impair his creativity, she should just trust he will get
his portion done on time. Carol’s and James’ viewpoints best represent _________ and
__________ cultures.
a. feminine; masculine
b. high uncertainty avoidance; low uncertainty avoidance
c. individualistic; collectivistic
d. complex; simplistic
68. The _____________ dimension deals with the degree of differentiation between the roles of
men and women in a culture.
a. individualism-collectivism
b. low power distance-high power distance
c. masculinity-femininity
d. low uncertainty avoidance-high uncertainty avoidance
69. The concepts of sex and gender are usually differentiated in that sex
a. refers to the social differences between men and women, and gender encompasses the
biological differences between masculinity and femininity.
b. refers to the different behaviors across men and women, whereas gender refers only to
the different perceptions associated with masculinity and femininity.
c. encompasses educational differences between men and women, and gender defines their
occupation.
d. refers to the biological differences between men and women, and gender is associated
with the social differences between masculinity and femininity.
70. Kanji is from Japan, a ________________ culture which expects a high degree of separation
between men’s roles and women’s roles.
a. feminine
b. low power distance
c. low uncertainty avoidance
d. masculine
71. According to Bateson (1994), _____________ creates competition for land and resources,
which fosters a more competitive, masculine society.
a. hunting and gathering
b. agriculture
c. fishing
d. industry
72. According to Bateson (1994), _____________ must cooperate, which fosters a more
feminine society.
a. hunting and gathering
b. agriculture
c. fishing
d. industry
73. One way feminine cultures differ from masculine cultures is feminine cultures
a. place a greater emphasis on wealth.
b. have higher job stress.
c. place more emphasis on job status.
d. place more emphasis on quality of life.
74. Annette meets Carson at a night club, and the first thing she asks is, “What do you do for a
living?” Clearly, Annette comes from a ___________ culture.
a. low power distance
b. collectivistic
c. masculine
d. feminine
75. One of the benefits of Sven’s job at the software company in Denmark is its family leave
policy. He was allowed several weeks off with pay when his first child was born. These
kinds of policies are most likely to occur in a ___________ culture.
a. low power distance
b. collectivistic
c. masculine
d. feminine
