Chapter 6—Relational Databases and SQL Key
1. An entity in an accounting system can be classified as a resource, event or agent about which data are
collected.
2. Attributes are often called fields.
3. A model is a complex representation of a simple entity or phenomenon.
4. A primary attribute is the attribute whose value is unique for every entity that will appear in the database.
5. The customer street address is often used as the key attribute in an REA diagram.
6. In an REA diagram, the rectangle is used to represent the composite attribute.
7. The first step in identifying all the relationships that should be included in a model is to identify users’
existing and desired information.
8. Relationships map and define the way in which data can be extracted from a database.
9. A recursive relationship occurs between two different instances of an entity.
10. Representing supervisors and their employees as separate entities in the model can lead to data redundancy.
11. A recursive relationship is created when there is an employee being supervised, and another employee is the
supervisor.
12. The cardinality constraint is used less frequently than the participation constraint.
13. The cardinality constraint is used to specify both the minimum and maximum participation of one entity in
the relationship with the other entity.
14. The notation 1:N is used to specify the relationship type of one-to-many.
15. The notation of (1,1) is used to specify the relationship type of one-to-many.
16. REA stands for resources, entities and agents.
17. The fundamental requirement for moving toward an event-driven model is the complete integration of data
related to an organization’s business events.
18. A legacy system is one that has existed in an organization for less than one year.
19. A collection of data representing multiple occurrences of a resource, event, or agent is known as a relation.
20. A set of data that describes a single instance of the entity represented by a relation is known as a tuple.
21. A missing value is called a non-null.
22. The secondary key is specified to uniquely identity each tuple in the relation.
23. SQL is a powerful database language that can be used to define database systems, query the database for
information, generate reports from the database, and access databases from within programs using embedded
commands.
24. Relational integrity specifies that for every attribute in one relation that has been specified to allow
reference to another relation, the tuple being referenced must remain intact.
25. A relation in an ER model is the same as an entity in the REA model.
26. Most DBMS available today that include SQL also include mechanisms within the DBMS itself for
establishing and enforcing referential integrity.
27. The INSERT command is used to add a single tuple to an existing relation.
28. The UPDATE command demonstrates one of the weaknesses in most forms of SQL.
29. The DELETE command is used when we want to change one or more attribute values.
30. Queries of a database are driven by SELECT commands.
31. Referential integrity specifies that for every attribute value in one relation that has been specified to allow
reference to another relation, the tuple being referenced must remain intact.
32. Knowledge management uses state-of-the art information technologies for storing and analyzing data to
help managers make the best possible decisions for their companies.
33. Business intelligence (BI) has been ranked as one of the top six “key areas” of current developments in
business information technology.
34. Spreadsheets that are kept offline to an organization’s enterprise systems can improve internal control.
35. Composite attributes consist of multiple subattributes.
36. An entity can be classified as all of the following except:
37. A(n) ____ of an entity is one specific thing of the type defined by the entity.
A. agent
38. A(n) ____ is an item of data that characterizes an entity or relationship.
39. Which of the following is the entity or agent?
40. Which of the following is the key attribute?
41. Which of the following is an attribute but least likely to be the key attribute?
A. Client
42. Which of the following is a composite attribute?
A. Client
43. A data field in a traditional file is similar to a relational:
44. For the following entity and attribute model, what would be the key attribute of the Students entity?
45. A key attribute is the attribute whose value is:
46. The mapping of the relationships between entities would be used in the development of a(n):
A. context diagram
47. The sequence of steps in identifying relationships in a model is:
48. Which of the following statements about the participation constraint is false?
A. It specifies the degree of minimum participation of one entity in the relationship with the other entity.
49. Which of the following is not a relationship type?
50. Which relationship type does (1:N) mean?
51. The cardinality constraint:
52. Customers of Hanson Company, a home furnishings wholesaler, place orders by contacting a sales
representative via a toll-free number. Which is the appropriate relationship type for this relationship?
53. The constraint that is specifies the degree of minimum participation of one entity in the relationship with the
other entity is called:
54. Students at Macom University use a Web-based course registration system. Identify the participation
constraint of the following data model relationship. The university maintains student records until they graduate
or do not enroll in a course for a 3-year period.
A. N:M
55. Common aspects of business intelligence include:
A. access to massive amounts of data
56. A set of data that describes a single instance of the entity represented by a relation is known as a(n) ____.
57. Legacy systems do not usually have which of the following characteristics?
58. In a relational database, a relation is defined as a collection of data representing multiple occurrences of the
following except:
59. ____ are defined as a set of data that describes an instance of the entity represented by a relation.
60. ____ specifies that for every attribute value in one relation that has been specified in order to allow
reference to another relation, the tuple being referenced must remain intact.
61. Which of following is not a step in the process for specifying relations based on REA diagrams?
62. A situation in which a particular supplier provides more than one type of inventory item to a firm and a
particular type of inventory item is acquired from more than a single supplier is called a(n):
63. The following E-R diagram shows a M:N relationship between two relations. To map this E-R diagram into
a logical database model:
64. Which of the following is not a proper SQL command for creating database relations?
A. Create table employee
65. A simplified representation of a complex entity is a(n):
66. Which of the following relational commands would a manager use to combine the data from two related
relations into a third relation?
67. In a relational database, the entity is represented as a(n):
68. Which is not a step in creating a relation using SQL?
A. assign the relation a name
69. Which is not an SQL command in which data can be changed in the database?
A. INSERT
70. Which of the following is a valid SQL command?
71. The SELECT statement has all but one of the following parts:
72. Exhibit 6-1
The following table is a view of BILLING_HOURS from the various data elements in High-Tech Corp.’s
relational database.
Employee_No
Client_No
Date
Hours
Billing_Rate
B122
F26768
20010823
8
150
A632
F11555
20010823
7
100
B122
F26768
20010824
8
150
A632
F11555
20010824
6
100
B122
F26768
20010825
9
150
A632
F11555
20010825
10
100
Refer to Exhibit 6-1. Which of the following SQL statements would extract the employee number and date for every instance that an employee
worked more than 8 hours any particular day?
73. Exhibit 6-1
The following table is a view of BILLING_HOURS from the various data elements in High-Tech Corp.’s
relational database.
Employee_No
Client_No
Date
Hours
Billing_Rate
B122
F26768
20010823
8
150
A632
F11555
20010823
7
100
B122
F26768
20010824
8
150
A632
F11555
20010824
6
100
B122
F26768
20010825
9
150
A632
F11555
20010825
10
100
Refer to Exhibit 6-1. Which of the following SQL statements would extract the employee number and date for every instance that had a billing rate
of $150?
74. Exhibit 6-1
The following table is a view of BILLING_HOURS from the various data elements in High-Tech Corp.’s
relational database.
Employee_No
Client_No
Date
Hours
Billing_Rate
B122
F26768
20010823
8
150
A632
F11555
20010823
7
100
B122
F26768
20010824
8
150
A632
F11555
20010824
6
100
B122
F26768
20010825
9
150
A632
F11555
20010825
10
100
Refer to Exhibit 6-1. Which of the following SQL statements would extract the client number and date for every instance that had a billing rate of
$150?
75. Exhibit 6-1
The following table is a view of BILLING_HOURS from the various data elements in High-Tech Corp.’s
relational database.
Employee_No
Client_No
Date
Hours
Billing_Rate
B122
F26768
20010823
8
150
A632
F11555
20010823
7
100
B122
F26768
20010824
8
150
A632
F11555
20010824
6
100
B122
F26768
20010825
9
150
A632
F11555
20010825
10
100
Refer to Exhibit 6-1. Which of the following SQL statements would extract the client number and date for every instance that an employee worked
less than 8 hours any particular day?
76. A(n) ______________________________ in an accounting system can be classified as a resource, event, or
agent about which data is collected.
77. A(n) ______________________________ is an item of data that characterizes an entity or relationship.
78. Attributes that consist of multiple subattributes are referred to as ______________________________.
79. A(n) ______________________________ attribute is the attribute whose value is unique for every entity
that will ever appear in the database.
80. ______________________________ map and define the way in which data can be extracted from a
database.
81. A(n) ______________________________ relationship occurs between two different instances of an entity.
82. The ______________________________ specifies how many occurrences of an entity can participate in the
given relationship with any one occurrence of the other entity in the relationship.
83. The ______________________________ specifies the degree of minimum participation of one entity in the
relationship with the other entity.
84. The notation 1:N is used to specify the relationship type of ______________________________.
85. REA stands for ______________________________, ______________________________ and
______________________________.
86. ______________________________ values waste memory space and may cause problems when running
queries.
87. A collection of data representing multiple occurrences of a resource, event, or agent is known as a(n)
______________________________.
88. A set of data that describes a single instance of the entity represented by a relation is known as a(n)
______________________________.
89. The ______________________________ is specified to uniquely identity each tuple in the relation.
90. ______________________________ specifies that for every attribute value in one relation that has been
specified to allow reference to another relation, the tuple being referenced must be intact.
91. ______________________________ is a powerful database language that can be used to define database
systems, query the database for information, generate reports from the database, and access databases from
within programs using embedded commands.
92. The ______________________________ command is used to add new tuples to a relation.
93. The ______________________________ command demonstrates one of the weaknesses in most forms of
SQL because the database will not enforce referential integrity.
94. The ______________________________ command is used when we want to change one or more attribute
values for one or more tuples in a table.
95. Queries of a database are driven by ______________________________ commands.
96. ______________________________ systems have existed in an organization over a long period of time and
were developed using an organization’s previous computer hardware and software platforms.
97. A(n) ______________________________ is a primary key that is inserted into other tables to establish
links among the tables.
98. ______________________________ uses state-of-the-art information technologies for storing and
analyzing data to help managers make the best possible decisions for their companies.
99. A(n) ______________________________ a simplified representation of a complex entity or phenomenon.
100. A(n) ______________________________ of an entity is one specific thing of the type defined by the
entity.
101. The following table is a view of BILLING_HOURS from the various data elements in ABC’s relational
database:
BILLING_HOURS
Employee_No
Client_No
Date
Hours
Billing_Rate
B122
F11555
990823
8
150
A632
F11555
990823
8
100
B122
F11555
990824
8
150
A632
F11555
990824
8
100
B122
F11555
990825
8
150
A632
F11555
990825
8
100
B122
H12456
990826
8
150
A632
H12456
990826
8
100
A356
F11555
990826
8
57
A432
H12456
990826
8
57
A491
H12456
990826
8
57
B122
F11555
990827
8
150
A632
H12456
990827
8
100
A356
F11555
990827
8
57
B432
H12456
990827
8
57
B491
H12456
990827
8
57
Required:
a.
Using proper SQL commands, develop a query to extract billing data for Fleet Services (client number F11555), showing the employee
number, date, hours, and billing rate.
b.
Design a table showing the output that would be generated based upon your query created above.
102. The following table is a view of TRAINING_COMPLETED from the various data elements in High-Tech
Corp.’s relational database:
TRAINING_COMPLETED
Employee_No
Date
Hours
Train_Code
11111
990823
8
15
11152
990823
8
15
11163
990823
8
45
11111
990824
8
25
11152
990824
8
25
11163
990824
8
15
11111
990825
8
45
11152
990825
8
55
11175
990825
8
45
11111
990826
8
55
11175
990826
8
55
11111
990827
8
65
11152
990827
8
45
11163
990827
8
65
11175
990827
8
65
Required:
a.
Using proper SQL commands, develop a query to extract training data for employee Missy Pitman (employee number 11111), showing
the date, hours, and training code.
b.
Design a table showing the output that would be generated based upon your query created above.
Rate
555′
b.
Employee_No
Date
Hours
Billing_Rate
B122
990823
8
150.00
A632
990823
8
100.00
B122
990824
8
150.00
A632
990824
8
100.00
B122
990825
8
150.00
A632
990825
8
100.00
A356
990826
8
57.00
B122
990827
8
150.00
A356
990827
8
57.00
103. Based on the following abbreviated description of Avery University’s course scheduling and student
advising procedures, prepare an Entity-Relationship (E-R) diagram that reflects the key entities and
relationships.