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Business & Professional Ethics for Directors, Executives & Accountants, 6e
Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 3 Ethical Behavior – Philosophers’ Contributions
1) Ethical dilemmas arise when:
a. Norms and values are in conflict
b. There is only one alternative course of action available
c. Norms and values are not in conflict
d. There are several theories of ethical decision making
e. All of the above
2) Individuals may be ethical because of:
a. Religious concerns
b. Emotional attachment to other people
c. Enlightened self-interest
d. None of the above
e. All of the above
3) This philosopher argued that self-interest motivates people to form peaceful civil societies:
a. Adam Smith
b. John Locke
c. Thomas Hobbes
d. Jeremy Bentham
e. John Rawls
4) This theory argues that the best ethical alternative is the one that will produce the greatest amount of
happiness to the largest number of stakeholders:
a. Deontology
b. Distributive Justice
c. Utilitarianism
d. Moral Imagination
e. Virtue Ethics
5) This theory focuses on the moral character of the decision maker:
a. Deontology
b. Distributive Justice
c. Utilitarianism
d. Moral Imagination
e. Virtue Ethics
6) This approach focuses on coming up with an innovative solution to an ethical dilemma:
a. Deontology
b. Distributive Justice
c. Utilitarianism
d. Moral Imagination
e. Virtue Ethics
7) This theory argues that equals should be treated equally in relationship to their relevant equalities and
differences:
a. Deontology
b. Distributive Justice
c. Utilitarianism
d. Moral Imagination
e. Virtue Ethics
8) This theory is concerned with the motivation of the decision maker rather than the consequences of
the decision:
a. Deontology
b. Distributive Justice
c. Utilitarianism
d. Moral Imagination
e. Virtue Ethics
9) Two weaknesses of the following approach are (1) it is difficult to determine who demonstrates
integrity in the workplace, and (2) it is difficult to choose between compassion and not betraying
somebody’s trust:
a. Deontology
b. Distributive Justice
c. Utilitarianism
d. Moral Imagination
e. Virtue Ethics
10) A problem with this theory is that the categorical imperative does not provide clear guidelines for
deciding what is right and wrong when two or more moral laws conflict and only one can be chosen:
a. Deontology
b. Distributive Justice
c. Utilitarianism
d. Moral Imagination
e. Virtue Ethics
11) Minority rights may be violated under this approach:
a. Deontology
b. Distributive Justice
c. Utilitarianism
d. Moral Imagination
e. Virtue Ethics
12) This approach presupposes that happiness, utility, pleasure, pain and anguish can be quantified:
a. Deontology
b. Distributive Justice
c. Utilitarianism
d. Moral Imagination
e. Virtue Ethics
13) This approach, a variant of utilitarianism, considers an action to be ethically good if it will probably
produce a greater balance of good over evil:
a. Act Utilitarianism
b. Active Utilitarianism
c. Sub-Utilitarianism
d. Consequentialism
e. Virtue Ethics
14) Under this approach what is important is that the decision was made for the right reasons:
a. Deontology
b. Distributive Justice
c. Utilitarianism
d. Moral Imagination
e. Virtue Ethics
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15) This philosopher argued that self-interest leads to economic cooperation:
a. Adam Smith
b. John Locke
c. Thomas Hobbes
d. Jeremy Bentham
e. John Rawls
16) There are two aspect of justice, but under this aspect there should be a consistent application of law:
a. Distributive justice
b. Procedural justice
c. Balance of justice
d. Deontology
e. Teleology
17) If managers use moral imagination to determine ethical alternatives, the decisions need to be good
for:
a. The individual
b. The firm
c. Society
d. (a) and (b) only
e. All of the above
18) A difficulty in applying this approach is identifying all possible stakeholders impacted by the
decision:
a. Deontology
b. Distributive justice
c. Utilitarianism
d. Procedural justice/Consequentialism
e. Virtue Ethics
19) This philosopher argued that social and economic inequalities are just if these inequalities are to
everyone’s benefit:
a. Adam Smith
b. John Locke
c. Thomas Hobbes
d. Jeremy Bentham
e. John Rawls
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20) According to distributive justice theory, there are three main criteria for determining the just
distribution:
a. Need, fairness, and merit
b. Need, arithmetic equality, and merit
c. Opportunity, fairness, and merit
d. Opportunity, fairness, and arithmetic equality
e. Need, arithmetic equality, and equivalence