CHAPTER 19
ACCOUNTING FOR INCOME TAXES
IFRS questions are available at the end of this chapter.
TRUE-FALSE—Conceptual
Answer No. Description
MULTIPLE CHOICE—Conceptual
Answer No. Description
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 2
MULTIPLE CHOICE—Conceptual (cont.)
Answer No. Description
MULTIPLE CHOICE—Computational
Answer No. Description
Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 3
MULTIPLE CHOICE—Computational (cont.)
Answer No. Description
MULTIPLE CHOICE—CPA Adapted
BRIEF EXERCISES
Item Description
BE19-105 Computation of taxable income.
BE19-106 Future taxable and deductible amounts (essay).
BE19-107 Deferred income taxes.
EXERCISES
Item Description
E19-108 Deferred income taxes.
E19-109 Recognition of deferred tax asset.
E19-110 Permanent and temporary differences.
E19-111 Permanent and temporary differences.
E19-112 Temporary differences.
E19-113 Operating loss carryforward.
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 4
PROBLEMS
Item Description
P19-114 Differences between accounting and taxable income and the effect on deferred
taxes.
P19-115 Multiple temporary differences.
P19-116 Deferred tax asset.
P19-117 Interperiod tax allocation with change in enacted tax rates.
CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Identify differences between pretax financial income and taxable income.
2. Describe a temporary difference that results in future taxable amounts.
3. Describe a temporary difference that results in future deductible amounts.
4. Explain the purpose of a deferred tax asset valuation allowance.
5. Describe the presentation of income tax expense in the income statement.
6. Describe various temporary and permanent differences.
7. Explain the effect of various tax rates and tax rate changes on deferred income taxes.
8. Apply accounting procedures for a loss carryback and a loss carryforward.
9. Describe the presentation of deferred income taxes in financial statements.
10. Indicate the basic principles of the asset-liability method.
*11. Understand and apply the concepts and procedures of interperiod tax allocation.
12. Compare the accounting for income taxes under GAAP and IFRS.
Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 5
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OBJECTIVES BY QUESTIONS
Item
Type
Item
Type
Item
Type
Item
Type
Item
Type
Item
Type
Item
Type
Learning Objective 1
1.
TF
21.
MC
23.
MC
96.
MC
114.
P
116.
P
2.
TF
22.
MC
95.
MC
105.
BE
115.
P
Learning Objective 2
3.
TF
P25.
MC
54.
MC
97.
MC
107.
BE
115.
P
4.
TF
52.
MC
55.
MC
98.
MC
108.
E
116.
P
24.
MC
53.
MC
58.
MC
106.
BE
114.
P
Learning Objective 3
5.
TF
59.
MC
63.
MC
108.
E
114.
P
6.
TF
61.
MC
106.
E
109.
E
115.
P
56.
MC
62.
MC
107.
E
113.
E
116.
P
Learning Objective 4
7.
TF
8.
TF
64.
MC
Learning Objective 5
9.
TF
65.
MC
67.
MC
100.
MC
S26.
MC
66.
MC
99.
MC
113.
E
Learning Objective 6
10.
TF
S29.
MC
34.
MC
68.
MC
73.
MC
78.
MC
110.
E
11.
TF
S30.
MC
35.
MC
69.
MC
74.
MC
79.
MC
111.
E
12.
TF
S31.
MC
36.
MC
70.
MC
75.
MC
80.
MC
112.
E
P27.
MC
32.
MC
37.
MC
71.
MC
76.
MC
81.
MC
114.
P
S28.
MC
33.
MC
38.
MC
72.
MC
77.
MC
82.
MC
116.
P
Learning Objective 7
13.
TF
S39.
MC
83.
MC
85.
MC
87.
MC
14.
TF
40.
MC
84.
MC
86.
MC
117.
P
Learning Objective 8
15.
TF
17.
TF
42.
MC
89.
MC
91.
MC
93.
MC
113.
E
16.
TF
41.
MC
88.
MC
90.
MC
92.
MC
94.
MC
Learning Objective 9
18.
TF
44.
MC
47.
MC
S50.
MC
100.
MC
103.
MC
19.
TF
45.
MC
48.
MC
57.
MC
101.
MC
104.
MC
43.
MC
46.
MC
49.
MC
60.
MC
102.
MC
116.
P
Learning Objective 10
20.
TF
51.
MC
Learning Objective 12 – IFRS
1.
TF
3.
TF
5.
TF
7.
MC
9.
MC
11.
SA
2.
TF
4.
TF
6.
MC
8.
MC
10.
MC
12.
SA
Note: TF = True-False
MC = Multiple Choice
BE = Brief Exercise
E = Exercise
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 6
P = Problem
Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 7
TRUE-FALSE—Conceptual
1. Taxable income is a tax accounting term and is also referred to as income before taxes.
2. Pretax financial income is the amount used to compute income taxes payable.
3. Deferred tax expense is the increase in the deferred tax liability balance from the
beginning to the end of the accounting period.
4. A deferred tax liability represents the increase in taxes payable in future years as a result
of taxable temporary differences existing at the end of the current year.
5. Deductible amounts cause taxable income to be greater than pretax financial income in
the future as a result of existing temporary differences.
6. A deferred tax asset represents the increase in taxes refundable in future years as a result
of deductible temporary differences existing at the end of the current year.
7. A company reduces a deferred tax asset by a valuation allowance if it is probable that it
will not realize some portion of the deferred tax asset.
8. Companies should consider both positive and negative evidence to determine whether it
needs to record a valuation allowance to reduce a deferred tax asset.
9. A company should add a decrease in a deferred tax liability to income taxes payable in
computing income tax expense.
10. Taxable temporary differences will result in taxable amounts in future years when the
related assets are recovered.
11. Examples of taxable temporary differences are subscriptions received in advance and
advance rental receipts.
12. Permanent differences do not give rise to future taxable or deductible amounts.
13. Companies must consider presently enacted changes in the tax rate that become effective
in future years when determining the tax rate to apply to existing temporary differences.
14. When a change in the tax rate is enacted, the effect is reported as an adjustment to
income tax payable in the period of the change.
15. Under the loss carryback approach, companies must apply a current year loss to the most
recent year first and then to an earlier year.
16. The tax effect of a loss carryforward represents future tax savings and results in the
recognition of a deferred tax asset.
17. A possible source of taxable income that may be available to realize a tax benefit for loss
carryforwards is future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences.
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 8
18. An individual deferred tax asset or liability is classified as current or noncurrent based on
the classification of the related asset/liability for financial reporting purposes.
19. Companies should classify the balances in the deferred tax accounts on the balance
sheet as noncurrent assets and noncurrent liabilities.
20. The FASB believes that the deferred tax method is the most consistent method for
accounting for income taxes.
True-False Answers—Conceptual
Item
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Item
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Item
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Item
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MULTIPLE CHOICE—Conceptual
21. Taxable income of a corporation
a. differs from accounting income due to differences in intraperiod allocation between the
two methods of income determination.
b. differs from accounting income due to differences in interperiod allocation and
permanent differences between the two methods of income determination.
c. is based on generally accepted accounting principles.
d. is reported on the corporation’s income statement.
22 Taxable income of a corporation differs from pretax financial income because of
Permanent Temporary
Differences Differences
a. No No
b. No Yes
c. Yes Yes
d. Yes No
23. The deferred tax expense is the
a. increase in balance of deferred tax asset minus the increase in balance of deferred tax
liability.
b. increase in balance of deferred tax liability minus the increase in balance of deferred
tax asset.
c. increase in balance of deferred tax asset plus the increase in balance of deferred tax
liability.
d. decrease in balance of deferred tax asset minus the increase in balance of deferred
tax liability.
Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 9
24. Machinery was acquired at the beginning of the year. Depreciation recorded during the life
of the machinery could result in
Future Future
Taxable Amounts Deductible Amounts
a. Yes Yes
b. Yes No
c. No Yes
d. No No
P25. A temporary difference arises when a revenue item is reported for tax purposes in a
period
After it is reported Before it is reported
in financial income in financial income
a. Yes Yes
b. Yes No
c. No Yes
d. No No
S26. At the December 31, 2014 balance sheet date, Unruh Corporation reports an accrued
receivable for financial reporting purposes but not for tax purposes. When this asset is
recovered in 2015, a future taxable amount will occur and
a. pretax financial income will exceed taxable income in 2015.
b. Unruh will record a decrease in a deferred tax liability in 2015.
c. total income tax expense for 2015 will exceed current tax expense for 2015.
d. Unruh will record an increase in a deferred tax asset in 2015.
P27. Assuming a 40% statutory tax rate applies to all years involved, which of the following
situations will give rise to reporting a deferred tax liability on the balance sheet?
I. A revenue is deferred for financial reporting purposes but not for tax purposes.
II. A revenue is deferred for tax purposes but not for financial reporting purposes.
III. An expense is deferred for financial reporting purposes but not for tax purposes.
IV. An expense is deferred for tax purposes but not for financial reporting purposes.
a. item II only
b. items I and II only
c. items II and III only
d. items I and IV only
S28. A major distinction between temporary and permanent differences is
a. permanent differences are not representative of acceptable accounting practice.
b. temporary differences occur frequently, whereas permanent differences occur only
once.
c. once an item is determined to be a temporary difference, it maintains that status;
however, a permanent difference can change in status with the passage of time.
d. temporary differences reverse themselves in subsequent accounting periods, whereas
permanent differences do not reverse.
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 10
S29. Which of the following are temporary differences that are normally classified as expenses
or losses that are deductible after they are recognized in financial income?
a. Prepaid expenses that are deducted on the tax return in the period paid.
b. Product warranty liabilities.
c. Depreciable property.
d. Fines and expenses resulting from a violation of law.
S30. Which of the following is a temporary difference classified as a revenue or gain that is
taxable after it is recognized in financial income?
a. Subscriptions received in advance.
b. Prepaid royalty received in advance.
c. An installment sale accounted for on the accrual basis for financial reporting purposes
and on the installment (cash) basis for tax purposes.
d. Interest received on a municipal obligation.
S31. Which of the following differences would result in future taxable amounts?
a. Expenses or losses that are tax deductible after they are recognized in financial
income.
b. Revenues or gains that are taxable before they are recognized in financial income.
c. Revenues or gains that are recognized in financial income but are never included in
taxable income.
d. Expenses or losses that are tax deductible before they are recognized in financial
income.
32. Stuart Corporation’s taxable income differed from its accounting income computed for this
past year. An item that would create a permanent difference in accounting and taxable
incomes for Stuart would be
a. a balance in the Unearned Rent account at year end.
b. using accelerated depreciation for tax purposes and straight-line depreciation for book
purposes.
c. a fine resulting from violations of OSHA regulations.
d. making installment sales during the year.
33. An example of a permanent difference is
a. proceeds from life insurance on officers.
b. interest expense on money borrowed to invest in municipal bonds.
c. insurance expense for a life insurance policy on officers.
d. All of these answers are correct.
34. Which of the following will not result in a temporary difference?
a. Product warranty liabilities
b. Advance rental receipts
c. Installment sales
d. All of these will result in a temporary difference.
Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 11
35. A company uses the equity method to account for an investment for financial reporting
purposes. This would result in what type of difference and in what type of deferred income
tax?
Type of Difference Deferred Tax
a. Permanent Asset
b. Permanent Liability
c. Temporary Asset
d. Temporary Liability
36. A company records an unrealized loss on short-term securities. This would result in what
type of difference and in what type of deferred income tax?
Type of Difference Deferred Tax
a. Temporary Liability
b. Temporary Asset
c. Permanent Liability
d. Permanent Asset
37. Which of the following temporary differences results in a deferred tax asset in the year the
temporary difference originates?
I. Accrual for product warranty liability.
II. Subscriptions received in advance.
III. Prepaid insurance expense.
a. I and II only.
b. II only.
c. III only.
d. I and III only.
38. Which of the following is not considered a permanent difference?
a. Interest received on municipal bonds.
b. Fines resulting from violating the law.
c. Premiums paid for life insurance on a company’s CEO when the company is the
beneficiary.
d. Stock-based compensation expense.
S39. When a change in the tax rate is enacted into law, its effect on existing deferred income
tax accounts should be
a. handled retroactively in accordance with the guidance related to changes in
accounting principles.
b. considered, but it should only be recorded in the accounts if it reduces a deferred tax
liability or increases a deferred tax asset.
c. reported as an adjustment to income tax expense in the period of change.
d. applied to all temporary or permanent differences that arise prior to the date of the
enactment of the tax rate change, but not subsequent to the date of the change.
40. Tax rates other than the current tax rate may be used to calculate the deferred income tax
amount on the balance sheet if
a. it is probable that a future tax rate change will occur.
b. it appears likely that a future tax rate will be greater than the current tax rate.
c. the future tax rates have been enacted into law.
d. it appears likely that a future tax rate will be less than the current tax rate.
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 12
41. Recognition of tax benefits in the loss year due to a loss carryforward requires
a. the establishment of a deferred tax liability.
b. the establishment of a deferred tax asset.
c. the establishment of an income tax refund receivable.
d. only a note to the financial statements.
42. Recognizing a valuation allowance for a deferred tax asset requires that a company
a. consider all positive and negative information in determining the need for a valuation
allowance.
b. consider only the positive information in determining the need for a valuation
allowance.
c. take an aggressive approach in its tax planning.
d. pass a recognition threshold, after assuming that it will be audited by taxing
authorities.
43. Uncertain tax positions
I. Are positions for which the tax authorities may disallow a deduction in whole or
in part.
II. Include instances in which the tax law is clear and in which the company believes
an audit is likely.
III. Give rise to tax expense by increasing payables or increasing a deferred
tax liability.
a. I, II, and III.
b. I and III only.
c. II only.
d. I only.
44. With regard to uncertain tax positions, the FASB requires that companies recognize a tax
benefit when
a. it is probable and can be reasonably estimated.
b. there is at least a 51% probability that the uncertain tax position will be approved by
the taxing authorities.
c. it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon audit.
d. Any of the above exist.
45. Major reasons for disclosure of deferred income tax information is (are)
a. better assessment of quality of earnings.
b. better predictions of future cash flows.
c. predicting future cash flows for operating loss carryforwards.
d. All of these answer choices are correct.
46. Accounting for income taxes can result in the reporting of deferred taxes as any of the
following except
a. a current or long-term asset.
b. a current or long-term liability.
c. a contra-asset account.
d. All of these are acceptable methods of reporting deferred taxes.
Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 13
47. Deferred taxes should be presented on the balance sheet
a. as one net debit or credit amount.
b. in two amounts: one for the net current amount and one for the net noncurrent amount.
c. in two amounts: one for the net debit amount and one for the net credit amount.
d. as reductions of the related asset or liability accounts.
48. Deferred tax amounts that are related to specific assets or liabilities should be classified
as current or noncurrent based on
a. their expected reversal dates.
b. their debit or credit balance.
c. the length of time the deferred tax amounts will generate future tax deferral benefits.
d. the classification of the related asset or liability.
49. Tanner, Inc. incurred a financial and taxable loss for 2015. Tanner therefore decided to
use the carryback provisions as it had been profitable up to this year. How should the
amounts related to the carryback be reported in the 2015 financial statements?
a. The reduction of the loss should be reported as a prior period adjustment.
b. The refund claimed should be reported as a deferred charge and amortized over five
years.
c. The refund claimed should be reported as revenue in the current year.
d. The refund claimed should be shown as a reduction of the loss in 2015.
S50. A deferred tax liability is classified on the balance sheet as either a current or a noncurrent
liability. The current amount of a deferred tax liability should generally be
a. the net deferred tax consequences of temporary differences that will result in net
taxable amounts during the next year.
b. totally eliminated from the financial statements if the amount is related to a noncurrent
asset.
c. based on the classification of the related asset or liability for financial reporting
purposes.
d. the total of all deferred tax consequences that are not expected to reverse in the
operating period or one year, whichever is greater.
51. All of the following are procedures for the computation of deferred income taxes except to
a. identify the types and amounts of existing temporary differences.
b. measure the total deferred tax liability for taxable temporary differences.
c. measure the total deferred tax asset for deductible temporary differences and
operating loss carrybacks.
d. All of these are procedures in computing deferred income taxes.
Multiple Choice Answers—Conceptual
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Item
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Item
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Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 14
MULTIPLE CHOICE—Computational
Use the following information for questions 52 and 53.
At the beginning of 2015, Pitman Co. purchased an asset for $1,200,000 with an estimated useful
life of 5 years and an estimated salvage value of $100,000. For financial reporting purposes the
asset is being depreciated using the straight-line method; for tax purposes the double-declining-
balance method is being used. Pitman Co.’s tax rate is 40% for 2015 and all future years.
52. At the end of 2015, what are the book basis and the tax basis of the asset?
Book basis Tax basis
a. $880,000 $620,000
b. $980,000 $620,000
c. $980,000 $720,000
d. $880,000 $720,000
53. At the end of 2015, which of the following deferred tax accounts and balances is reported
on Pitman’s balance sheet?
Account _ Balance
a. Deferred tax asset $104,000
b. Deferred tax liability $104,000
c. Deferred tax asset $156,000
d. Deferred tax liability $156,000
54. Lehman Corporation purchased a machine on January 2, 2013, for $3,000,000. The
machine has an estimated 5-year life with no salvage value. The straight-line method of
depreciation is being used for financial statement purposes and the following MACRS
amounts will be deducted for tax purposes:
2013 $600,000 2016 $345,000
2014 960,000 2017 345,000
2015 576,000 2018 174,000
Assuming an income tax rate of 30% for all years, the net deferred tax liability that should
be reflected on Lehman’s balance sheet at December 31, 2014 be
Deferred Tax Liability
Current Noncurrent
a. $0 $108,000
b. $7,200 $100,800
c. $100,800 $7,200
d. $108,000 $0
Use the following information for questions 55 through 57.
Mathis Co. at the end of 2014, its first year of operations, prepared a reconciliation between
pretax financial income and taxable income as follows:
Pretax financial income $ 800,000
Estimated litigation expense 2,000,000
Installment sales (1,600,000)
Taxable income $ 1,200,000
Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 15
The estimated litigation expense of $2,000,000 will be deductible in 2016 when it is expected to
be paid. The gross profit from the installment sales will be realized in the amount of $800,000 in
each of the next two years. The estimated liability for litigation is classified as noncurrent and the
installment accounts receivable are classified as $800,000 current and $800,000 noncurrent. The
income tax rate is 30% for all years.
55. The income tax expense is
a. $240,000.
b. $360,000.
c. $400,000.
d. $800,000.
56. The deferred tax asset to be recognized is
a. $0.
b. $120,000 current.
c. $600,000 current.
d. $600,000 noncurrent.
57. The deferred tax liability—current to be recognized is
a. $120,000.
b. $360,000.
c. $240,000.
d. $480,000.
Use the following information for questions 58 through 60.
Hopkins Co. at the end of 2014, its first year of operations, prepared a reconciliation between
pretax financial income and taxable income as follows:
Pretax financial income $1,500,000
Estimated litigation expense 2,000,000
Extra depreciation for taxes (3,000,000)
Taxable income $ 500,000
The estimated litigation expense of $2,000,000 will be deductible in 2015 when it is expected to
be paid. Use of the depreciable assets will result in taxable amounts of $1,000,000 in each of the
next three years. The income tax rate is 30% for all years.
58. Income taxes payable is
a. $0.
b. $150,000.
c. $300,000.
d. $450,000.
59. The deferred tax asset to be recognized is
a. $150,000 current.
b. $300,000 current.
c. $450,000 current.
d. $600,000 current.
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 16
60. The deferred tax liability to be recognized is
Current Noncurrent
a. $300,000 $600,000
b. $300,000 $450,000
c. $0 $900,000
d. $0 $750,000
61. Eckert Corporation’s partial income statement after its first year of operations is as follows:
Income before income taxes $3,750,000
Income tax expense
Current $1,035,000
Deferred 90,000 1,125,000
Net income $2,625,000
Eckert uses the straight-line method of depreciation for financial reporting purposes and
accelerated depreciation for tax purposes. The amount charged to depreciation expense
on its books this year was $2,400,000. No other differences existed between book income
and taxable income except for the amount of depreciation. Assuming a 30% tax rate, what
amount was deducted for depreciation on the corporation’s tax return for the current year?
a. $2,100,000
b. $1,125,000
c. $2,400,000
d. $2,700,000
62. Cross Company reported the following results for the year ended December 31, 2014, its
first year of operations:
2014
Income (per books before income taxes) $ 1,500,000
Taxable income 2,400,000
The disparity between book income and taxable income is attributable to a temporary
difference which will reverse in 2015. What should Cross record as a net deferred tax
asset or liability for the year ended December 31, 2014, assuming that the enacted tax
rates in effect are 40% in 2014 and 35% in 2015?
a. $360,000 deferred tax liability
b. $315,000 deferred tax asset
c. $360,000 deferred tax asset
d. $315,000 deferred tax liability
63. In 2014, Krause Company accrued, for financial statement reporting, estimated losses on
disposal of unused plant facilities of $2,400,000. The facilities were sold in March 2015
and a $2,400,000 loss was recognized for tax purposes. Also in 2014, Krause paid
$100,000 in premiums for a two-year life insurance policy in which the company was the
beneficiary. Assuming that the enacted tax rate is 30% in both 2014 and 2015, and that
Krause paid $780,000 in income taxes in 2014, the amount reported as net deferred
income taxes on Krause’s balance sheet at December 31, 2014, should be a
a. $680,000 asset.
b. $360,000 asset.
c. $360,000 liability.
d. $720,000 asset.
Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 17
64. Horner Corporation has a deferred tax asset at December 31, 2015 of $160,000 due to
the recognition of potential tax benefits of an operating loss carryforward. The enacted tax
rates are as follows: 40% for 2012–2014; 35% for 2015; and 30% for 2016 and thereafter.
Assuming that management expects that only 50% of the related benefits will actually be
realized, a valuation account should be established in the amount of:
a. $80,000
b. $32,000
c. $28,000
d. $24,000
65. Watson Corporation prepared the following reconciliation for its first year of operations:
Pretax financial income for 2015 $1,800,000
Tax exempt interest (100,000)
Originating temporary difference (300,000)
Taxable income $1,400,000
The temporary difference will reverse evenly over the next two years at an enacted tax
rate of 40%. The enacted tax rate for 2015 is 28%. What amount should be reported in its
2015 income statement as the current portion of its provision for income taxes?
a. $392,000
b. $560,000
c. $504,000
d. $720,000
Use the following information for questions 66 and 67.
Mitchell Corporation prepared the following reconciliation for its first year of operations:
Pretax financial income for 2015 $ 900,000
Tax exempt interest (75,000)
Originating temporary difference (175,000)
Taxable income $650,000
The temporary difference will reverse evenly over the next two years at an enacted tax rate of
40%. The enacted tax rate for 2015 is 35%.
66. What amount should be reported in its 2015 income statement as the deferred portion of
income tax expense?
a. $70,000 debit
b. $87,500 debit
c. $70,000 credit
d. $87,500 credit
67. In Mitchell’s 2015 income statement, what amount should be reported for total income tax
expense?
a. $345,000
b. $315,000
c. $315,000
d. $227,500
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 18
68. Ewing Company sells household furniture. Customers who purchase furniture on the
installment basis make payments in equal monthly installments over a two-year period,
with no down payment required. Ewing’s gross profit on installment sales equals 40% of
the selling price of the furniture.
For financial accounting purposes, sales revenue is recognized at the time the sale is
made. For income tax purposes, however, the installment method is used. There are no
other book and income tax accounting differences, and Ewing’s income tax rate is 30%.
If Ewing’s December 31, 2015, balance sheet includes a deferred tax liability of $600,000
arising from the difference between book and tax treatment of the installment sales, it
should also include installment accounts receivable of
a. $5,000,000.
b. $2,000,000.
c. $1,500,000.
d. $450,000.
69. Ferguson Company has the following cumulative taxable temporary differences:
12/31/15 12/31/14
$2,700,000 $1,920,000
The tax rate enacted for 2015 is 40%, while the tax rate enacted for future years is 30%.
Taxable income for 2015 is $4,800,000 and there are no permanent differences.
Ferguson’s pretax financial income for 2015 is
a. $7,500,000.
b. $5,580,000.
c. $4,020,000.
d. $2,100,000.
Use the following information for questions 70 through 72.
Lyons Company deducts insurance expense of $126,000 for tax purposes in 2014, but the
expense is not yet recognized for accounting purposes. In 2015, 2016, and 2017, no insurance
expense will be deducted for tax purposes, but $42,000 of insurance expense will be reported for
accounting purposes in each of these years. Lyons Company has a tax rate of 40% and income
taxes payable of $108,000 at the end of 2014. There were no deferred taxes at the beginning of
2014.
70. What is the amount of the deferred tax liability at the end of 2014?
a. $50,400
b. $43,200
c. $18,000
d. $0
71. What is the amount of income tax expense for 2014?
a. $158,400
b. $151,200
c. $126,000
d. $108,000
Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 19
72. Assuming that income taxes payable for 2015 is $144,000, the income tax expense for
2015 would be what amount?
a. $194,400
b. $160,800
c. $144,000
d. $127,200
Use the following information for questions 73 and 74.
Kraft Company made the following journal entry in late 2014 for rent on property it leases to
Danford Corporation.
Cash 120,000
Unearned Rent Revenue 90,000
The payment represents rent for the years 2015 and 2016, the period covered by the lease. Kraft
Company is a cash basis taxpayer. Kraft has income tax payable of $184,000 at the end of 2014,
and its tax rate is 35%.
73. What amount of income tax expense should Kraft Company report at the end of 2014?
a. $106,000
b. $142,000
c. $163,000
d. $226,000
74. Assuming the income taxes payable at the end of 2015 is $204,000, what amount of
income tax expense would Kraft Company record for 2015?
a. $162,000
b. $183,000
c. $225,000
d. $246,000
75. The following information is available for Kessler Company after its first year of
operations:
Income before taxes $250,000
Federal income tax payable $104,000
Deferred income tax (4,000)
Income tax expense 100,000
Net income $150,000
Kessler estimates its annual warranty expense as a percentage of sales. The amount
charged to warranty expense on its books was $85,000. Assuming a 40% income tax rate,
what amount was actually paid this year for warranty claims?
a. $95,000
b. $100,000
c. $85,000
d. $75,000
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 20
Use the following information for questions 76–78.
At the beginning of 2015; Elephant, Inc. had a deferred tax asset of $10,000 and a deferred tax
liability of $15,000. Pre-tax accounting income for 2015 was $750,000 and the enacted tax rate is
40%. The following items are included in Elephant’s pre-tax income:
Interest income from municipal bonds
$ 60,000
Accrued warranty costs, estimated to be
paid in 2016
$130,000
Operating loss carryforward
$ 95,000
Installment sales revenue, will be collected
in 2016
$ 65,000
Prepaid rent expense, will be used in 2016
$ 30,000
76. What is Elephant, Inc.’s taxable income for 2015?
a. $ 750,000
b. $ 630,000
c. $ 870,000
d. $1,130,000
77. Which of the following is required to adjust Elephant, Inc.’s deferred tax asset to its correct
balance at December 31, 2015?
a. A credit of $52,000
b. A credit of $38,000
c. A debit of $38,000
d. A debit of $42,000
78. The ending balance in Elephant, Inc’s deferred tax liability at December 31, 2015 is
a. $23,000
b. $38,000
c. $26,000
d. $78,000
Use the following information for questions 79 and 80.
Rowen, Inc. had pre-tax accounting income of $1,800,000 and a tax rate of 40% in 2015, its first
year of operations. During 2015 the company had the following transactions:
Received rent from Jane, Co. for 2016
$64,000
Municipal bond income
$80,000
Depreciation for tax purposes in excess of book
depreciation
$40,000
Installment sales revenue to be collected in
2016
$108,000
79. For 2015, what is the amount of income taxes payable for Rowen, Inc?
a. $603,200
b. $654,400
c. $686,400
d. $772,800
Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 21
80. At the end of 2015, which of the following deferred tax accounts and balances is reported
on Rowen, Inc.’s balance sheet?
Account _ Balance
a. Deferred tax asset $25,600
b. Deferred tax liability $25,600
c. Deferred tax asset $41,600
d. Deferred tax liability $41,600
81. Based on the following information, compute 2015 taxable income for South Co. assuming
that its pre-tax accounting income for the year ended December 31, 2015 is $345,000.
Future taxable
Temporary difference (deductible) amount
Installment sales
$288,000
Depreciation
$ 90,000
Unearned rent
($300,000)
a. $423,000
b. $267,000
c. $723,000
d. $333,000
82. Fleming Company has the following cumulative taxable temporary differences:
12/31/15 12/31/14
$1,280,000 $1,800,000
The tax rate enacted for 2015 is 40%, while the tax rate enacted for future years is 30%.
Taxable income for 2015 is $3,200,000 and there are no permanent differences.
Fleming’s pretax financial income for 2015 is:
a. $1,920,000
b. $2,680,000
c. $3,460,000
d. $4,480,000
83. Larsen Corporation reported $100,000 in revenues in its 2014 financial statements, of
which $33,000 will not be included in the tax return until 2015. The enacted tax rate is
40% for 2014 and 35% for 2015. What amount should Larsen report for deferred income
tax liability in its balance sheet at December 31, 2014?
a. $11,550
b. $13,200
c. $14,700
d. $16,800
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 22
84. Duncan Inc. uses the accrual method of accounting for financial reporting purposes and
appropriately uses the installment method of accounting for income tax purposes. Profits
of $600,000 recognized for books in 2014 will be collected in the following years:
Collection of Profits
2015 $100,000
2016 $200,000
2017 $300,000
The enacted tax rates are: 40% for 2014, 35% for 2015, and 30% for 2016 and 2017.
Taxable income is expected in all future years. What amount should be included in the
December 31, 2014, balance sheet for the deferred tax liability related to the above
temporary difference?
a. $ 35,000
b. $150,000
c. $185,000
d. $240,000
85. At December 31, 2014 Raymond Corporation reported a deferred tax liability of $180,000
which was attributable to a taxable type temporary difference of $600,000. The temporary
difference is scheduled to reverse in 2018. During 2015, a new tax law increased the
corporate tax rate from 30% to 40%. Raymond should record this change by debiting
a. Retained Earnings for $60,000.
b. Retained Earnings for $18,000.
c. Income Tax Expense for $18,000.
d. Income Tax Expense for $60,000.
86. Palmer Co. had a deferred tax liability balance due to a temporary difference at the
beginning of 2014 related to $900,000 of excess depreciation. In December of 2014, a
new income tax act is signed into law that lowers the corporate rate from 40% to 35%,
effective January 1, 2016. If taxable amounts related to the temporary difference are
scheduled to be reversed by $450,000 for both 2015 and 2016, Palmer should increase or
decrease deferred tax liability by what amount?
a. Decrease by $45,000
b. Decrease by $22,500
c. Increase by $22,500
d. Increase by $45,000
87. A reconciliation of Gentry Company’s pretax accounting income with its taxable income for
2014, its first year of operations, is as follows:
Pretax accounting income $3,000,000
Excess tax depreciation (150,000)
Taxable income $2,850,000
The excess tax depreciation will result in equal net taxable amounts in each of the next
three years. Enacted tax rates are 40% in 2014, 35% in 2015 and 2016, and 30% in 2017.
The total deferred tax liability to be reported on Gentry’s balance sheet at December 31,
2014, is
a. $60,000.
b. $50,000.
c. $52,500.
d. $45,000.
Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 23
88. Khan, Inc. reports a taxable and financial loss of $1,950,000 for 2015. Its pretax financial
income for the last two years was as follows:
2013 $900,000
2014 1,200,000
The amount that Khan, Inc. reports as a net loss for financial reporting purposes in 2015,
assuming that it uses the carryback provisions, and that the tax rate is 30% for all periods
affected, is
a. $1,950,000 loss.
b. $ -0-.
c. $585,000 loss.
d. $1,365,000 loss.
Use the following information for questions 89 and 90.
Wilcox Corporation reported the following results for its first three years of operation:
2014 income (before income taxes) $ 200,000
2015 loss (before income taxes) (1,800,000)
2016 income (before income taxes) 2,000,000
There were no permanent or temporary differences during these three years. Assume a corporate
tax rate of 30% for 2014 and 2015, and 40% for 2016.
89. Assuming that Wilcox elects to use the carryback provision, what income (loss) is reported
in 2015? (Assume that any deferred tax asset recognized is more likely than not to be
realized.)
a. $(1,800,000)
b. $ -0-
c. $(1,740,000)
d. $(1,100,000)
90. Assuming that Wilcox elects to use the carryforward provision and not the carryback
provision, what income (loss) is reported in 2015?
a. $(1,800,000)
b. $(1,080,000)
c. $ -0-
d. $(1,740,000)
91. Rodd Co. reports a taxable and pretax financial loss of $800,000 for 2015. Rodd’s taxable
and pretax financial income and tax rates for the last two years were:
2013 $800,000 30%
2014 800,000 35%
The amount that Rodd should report as an income tax refund receivable in 2015,
assuming that it uses the carryback provisions and that the tax rate is 40% in 2015, is
a. $240,000.
b. $280,000.
c. $320,000.
d. $360,000.
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 24
92. Nickerson Corporation began operations in 2013. There have been no permanent or
temporary differences to account for since the inception of the business. The following
data are available:
Year
2013
2014
2015
2016
Enacted Tax Rate
45%
40%
35%
30%
Taxable Income
$1,500,000
1,800,000
Taxes Paid
$675,000
720,000
In 2015, Nickerson had an operating loss of $1,860,000. What amount of income tax
benefits should be reported on the 2015 income statement due to this loss assuming that
it uses the carryback provision?
a. $819,000
b. $747,000
c. $744,000
d. $558,000
Use the following information for questions 93 and 94.
Operating income and tax rates for C.J. Company’s first three years of operations were as
follows: Income _ Enacted tax rate
2014 $300,000 35%
2015 ($750,000) 30%
2016 $1,260,000 40%
93. Assuming that C.J. Company opts to carryback its 2015 NOL, what is the amount of
income taxes payable at December 31, 2016?
a. $204,000
b. $504,000
c. $369,000
d. $324,000
94. Assuming that C.J. Company opts only to carryforward its 2015 NOL, what is the amount
of deferred tax asset or liability that C.J. Company would report on its December 31, 2015
balance sheet?
Amount _ Deferred tax asset or liability
a. $225,000 Deferred tax liability
b. $262,500 Deferred tax liability
c. $300,000 Deferred tax asset
d. $225,000 Deferred tax asset
Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 25
Multiple Choice Answers—Computational
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MULTIPLE CHOICE—CPA Adapted
95. Munoz Corp.’s books showed pretax financial income of $2,700,000 for the year ended
December 31, 2015. In the computation of federal income taxes, the following data were
considered:
Gain on an involuntary conversion $1,170,000
(Munoz has elected to replace the property within the statutory
period using total proceeds.)
Depreciation deducted for tax purposes in excess of depreciation
deducted for book purposes 180,000
Federal estimated tax payments, 2015 225,000
Enacted federal tax rate, 2015 30%
What amount should Munoz report as its current federal income tax liability on its
December 31, 2015 balance sheet?
a. $180,000
b. $234,000
c. $405,000
d. $459,000
96. Haag Corp.’s 2015 income statement showed pretax accounting income of $1,500,000.
To compute the federal income tax liability, the following 2015 data are provided:
Income from exempt municipal bonds $ 60,000
Depreciation deducted for tax purposes in excess of depreciation
deducted for financial statement purposes 120,000
Estimated federal income tax payments made 300,000
Enacted corporate income tax rate 30%
What amount of current federal income tax liability should be included in Hagg‘s
December 31, 2015 balance sheet?
a. $ 96,000
b. $132,000
c. $150,000
d. $396,000
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 26
97. On January 1, 2015, Gore, Inc. purchased a machine for $1,350,000 which will be
depreciated $135,000 per year for financial statement reporting purposes. For income tax
reporting, Gore elected to expense $150,000 and to use straight-line depreciation which
will allow a cost recovery deduction of $120,000 for 2015. Assume a present and future
enacted income tax rate of 30%. What amount should be added to Gore’s deferred
income tax liability for this temporary difference at December 31, 2015?
a. $81,000
b. $45,000
c. $40,500
d. $36,000
98. On January 1, 2015, Piper Corp. purchased 40% of the voting common stock of Betz, Inc.
and appropriately accounts for its investment by the equity method. During 2015, Betz
reported earnings of $720,000 and paid dividends of $240,000. Piper assumes that all of
Betz’s undistributed earnings will be distributed as dividends in future periods when the
enacted tax rate will be 30%. Ignore the dividend-received deduction. Piper’s current
enacted income tax rate is 25%. The increase in Piper’s deferred income tax liability for
this temporary difference is
a. $144,000.
b. $120,000.
c. $ 86,400.
d. $ 57,600.
99. Foltz Corp.’s 2014 income statement had pretax financial income of $250,000 in its first
year of operations. Foltz uses an accelerated cost recovery method on its tax return and
straight-line depreciation for financial reporting. The differences between the book and tax
deductions for depreciation over the five-year life of the assets acquired in 2014, and the
enacted tax rates for 2014 to 2018 are as follows:
Book Over (Under) Tax Tax Rates
2014 $(50,000) 35%
2015 (65,000) 30%
2016 (15,000) 30%
2017 60,000 30%
2018 70,000 30%
There are no other temporary differences. In Foltz‘s December 31, 2014 balance sheet, the
noncurrent deferred income tax liability and the income taxes currently payable should be
Noncurrent Deferred Income Taxes
Income Tax Liability Currently Payable
a. $39,000 $50,000
b. $39,000 $70,000
c. $15,000 $60,000
d. $15,000 $70,000
Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 27
100. Didde Corp. prepared the following reconciliation of income per books with income per tax
return for the year ended December 31, 2015:
Book income before income taxes $1,800,000
Add temporary difference
Construction contract revenue which will reverse in 2016 160,000
Deduct temporary difference
Depreciation expense which will reverse in equal amounts in
each of the next four years (640,000)
Taxable income $1,320,000
Didde’s effective income tax rate is 34% for 2015. What amount should Didde report in its
2015 income statement as the current provision for income taxes?
a. $ 54,400
b. $448,800
c. $612,000
d. $666,400
101. In its 2014 income statement, Cohen Corp. reported depreciation of $1,850,000 and interest
revenue on municipal obligations of $350,000. Cohen reported depreciation of $2,750,000
on its 2014 income tax return. The difference in depreciation is the only temporary
difference, and it will reverse equally over the next three years. Cohen’s enacted income tax
rates are 35% for 2014, 30% for 2015, and 25% for 2016 and 2017. What amount should be
included in the deferred income tax liability in Hertz’s December 31, 2014 balance sheet?
a. $240,000
b. $310,000
c. $375,000
d. $437,500
102. Dunn, Inc. uses the accrual method of accounting for financial reporting purposes and
appropriately uses the installment method of accounting for income tax purposes.
Installment income of $1,800,000 will be collected in the following years when the enacted
tax rates are:
Collection of Income Enacted Tax Rates
2014 $180,000 35%
2015 360,000 30%
2016 540,000 30%
2017 720,000 25%
The installment income is Dunn’s only temporary difference. What amount should be
included in the deferred income tax liability in Dunn’s December 31, 2015 balance sheet?
a. $450,000
b. $513,000
c. $567,000
d. $630,000
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 28
103. For calendar year 2014, Kane Corp. reported depreciation of $1,200,000 in its income
statement. On its 2014 income tax return, Kane reported depreciation of $1,800,000.
Kane’s income statement also included $225,000 accrued warranty expense that will be
deducted for tax purposes when paid. Kane’s enacted tax rates are 30% for 2014 and
2015, and 24% for 2016 and 2017. The depreciation difference and warranty expense will
reverse over the next three years as follows:
Depreciation Difference Warranty Expense
2015 $240,000 $ 45,000
2016 210,000 75,000
2017 150,000 105,000
$600,000 $225,000
These were Kane’s only temporary differences. In Kane‘s 2014 income statement, the
deferred portion of its provision for income taxes should be
a. $200,700.
b. $112,500.
c. $101,700.
d. $109,800.
104. Wright Co., organized on January 2, 2014, had pretax accounting income of $640,000 and
taxable income of $2,080,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014 The only temporary
difference is accrued product warranty costs which are expected to be paid as follows:
2015 $480,000
2016 240,000
2017 240,000
2018 480,000
The enacted income tax rates are 35% for 2014, 30% for 2015 through 2017, and 25% for
2018. If Wright expects taxable income in future years, the deferred tax asset in Wright’s
December 31, 2014 balance sheet should be
a. $288,000.
b. $336,000.
c. $408,000.
d. $504,000.
Multiple Choice Answers—CPA Adapted
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Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 29
DERIVATIONS — Computational
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 30
DERIVATIONS — Computational (cont.)
Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 31
DERIVATIONS — CPA Adapted
No. Answer Derivation
BRIEF EXERCISES
BE. 19–105—Computation of taxable income.
The records for Bosch Co. show this data for 2015:
• Gross profit on installment sales recorded on the books was $420,000. Gross profit from
collections of installment receivables was $280,000.
• Life insurance on officers was $3,800.
• Machinery was acquired in January for $300,000. Straight-line depreciation over a ten-year
life (no salvage value) is used. For tax purposes, MACRS depreciation is used and Bosch
may deduct 14% for 2015.
• Interest received on tax exempt Iowa State bonds was $9,000.
• The estimated warranty liability related to 2015 sales was $21,600. Repair costs under
warranties during 2015 were $13,600. The remainder will be incurred in 2016.
• Pretax financial income is $600,000. The tax rate is 30%.
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 32
BE. 19–105 (cont.)
Instructions
(a) Prepare a schedule starting with pretax financial income and compute taxable income.
(b) Prepare the journal entry to record income taxes for 2015.
Solution 19-105
BE. 19–106—Future taxable and deductible amounts.
Define temporary differences, future taxable amounts, and future deductible amounts.
Solution 19-106
BE. 19–107—Deferred income taxes.
Pole Co. at the end of 2015, its first year of operations, prepared a reconciliation between pretax
financial income and taxable income as follows:
Pretax financial income $ 420,000
Extra depreciation taken for tax purposes (1,050,000)
Estimated expenses deductible for taxes when paid 890,000
Taxable income $ 260,000
Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 33
BE. 19–107 (cont.)
Use of the depreciable assets will result in taxable amounts of $350,000 in each of the next three
years. The estimated litigation expenses of $890,000 will be deductible in 2018 when settlement
is expected.
Instructions
(a) Prepare a schedule of future taxable and deductible amounts.
(b) Prepare the journal entry to record income tax expense, deferred taxes, and income taxes
payable for 2015, assuming a tax rate of 40% for all years.
Solution 19-107
EXERCISES
Ex. 19-108—Deferred income taxes.
Hunt Co. at the end of 2015, its first year of operations, prepared a reconciliation between pretax
financial income and taxable income as follows:
Pretax financial income $ 750,000
Estimated warranty expenses deductible for taxes when paid 1,200,000
Extra depreciation (1,650,000)
Taxable income $ 300,000
Estimated warranty expense of $800,000 will be deductible in 2016, $300,000 in 2017, and
$100,000 in 2018. The use of the depreciable assets will result in taxable amounts of $550,000 in
each of the next three years.
Instructions
(a) Prepare a table of future taxable and deductible amounts.
(b) Prepare the journal entry to record income tax expense, deferred income taxes, and income
taxes payable for 2015, assuming an income tax rate of 40% for all years.
Solution 19-108
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 34
Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 35
Solution 19-108 (cont.)
(b) Income Tax Expense [$180,000 + ($660,000 – $420,000)] ………. 300,000
Deferred Tax Asset ($1,200,000 × 40%)………………………………… 480,000
Deferred Tax Liability ($1,650,000 × 40%) ………………….. 660,000
Income Taxes Payable ($300,000 × 40%) ………………….. 120,000
Ex. 19-109—Recognition of deferred tax asset.
(a) Describe a deferred tax asset.
(b) When should a deferred tax asset be reduced by a valuation allowance?
Solution 19–109
Ex. 19-110—Permanent and temporary differences.
Listed below are items that are treated differently for accounting purposes than they are for tax
purposes. Indicate whether the items are permanent differences or temporary differences. For
temporary differences, indicate whether they will create deferred tax assets or deferred tax
liabilities.
1. Investments accounted for by the equity method.
2. Advance rental receipts.
3. Fine for polluting.
4. Estimated future warranty costs.
5. Excess of contributions over pension expense.
6. Expenses incurred in obtaining tax-exempt revenue.
7. Installment sales.
8. Excess tax depreciation over accounting depreciation.
9. Long-term construction contracts.
10. Premiums paid on life insurance of officers (company is the beneficiary).
Solution 19-110
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 36
Ex. 19-111—Permanent and temporary differences.
Indicate and explain whether each of the following independent situations should be treated as a
temporary difference or a permanent difference.
(a) For accounting purposes, a company reports revenue from installment sales on the accrual
basis. For income tax purposes, it reports the revenues by the installment-sales method,
deferring recognition of gross profit until cash is collected.
(b) Pretax accounting income and taxable income differ because 80% of dividends received
from U.S. corporations was deducted from taxable income, while 100% of the dividends
received was reported for financial statement purposes.
(c) Estimated warranty costs (covering a three-year warranty) are expensed for accounting
purposes at the time of sale but deducted for income tax purposes when paid.
Solution 19-111
Ex. 19-112—Temporary differences.
There are four types of temporary differences. For each type: (1) indicate the cause of the
difference, (2) give an example, and (3) indicate whether it will create a taxable or deductible
amount in the future.
Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 37
Solution 19-112
Ex. 19-113—Operating loss carryforward.
In 2014, its first year of operations, Kimble Corp. has a $800,000 net operating loss when the tax
rate is 30%. In 2015, Kimble has $350,000 taxable income and the tax rate remains 30%.
Instructions
Assume the management of Kimble Corp. thinks that it is more likely than not that the loss
carryforward will not be realized in the near future because it is a new company (this is before
results of 2015 operations are known).
(a) What are the entries in 2014 to record the tax effects of the loss carryforward?
(b) What entries would be made in 2015 to record the current and deferred income taxes and to
recognize the loss carryforward? (Assume that at the end of 2013 it is more likely than not
that the deferred tax asset will be realized.)
Solution 19-113
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 38
PROBLEMS
Pr. 19-114—Differences between accounting and taxable income and the effect on deferred
taxes.
The following differences enter into the reconciliation of financial income and taxable income of
Abbott Company for the year ended December 31, 2014, its first year of operations. The enacted
income tax rate is 30% for all years.
Pretax accounting income $700,000
Excess tax depreciation (360,000)
Litigation accrual 70,000
Unearned rent revenue deferred on the books but appropriately
recognized in taxable income 60,000
Interest income from New York municipal bonds (20,000)
Taxable income $450,000
1. Excess tax depreciation will reverse equally over a four-year period, 2015-2018.
2. It is estimated that the litigation liability will be paid in 2018.
3. Rent revenue will be recognized during the last year of the lease, 2018.
4. Interest revenue from the New York bonds is expected to be $20,000 each year until their
maturity at the end of 2018.
Instructions
(a) Prepare a schedule of future taxable and (deductible) amounts.
(b) Prepare a schedule of the deferred tax (asset) and liability at the end of 2014.
(c) Since this is the first year of operations, there is no beginning deferred tax asset or liability.
Compute the net deferred tax expense (benefit).
(d) Prepare the journal entry to record income tax expense, deferred taxes, and the income
taxes payable for 2014.
Solution 19-114
Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 39
Solution 19-114 (cont.)
Pr. 19-115—Multiple temporary differences.
The following information is available for the first three years of operations for Cooper Company:
1. Year Taxable Income
2014 $500,000
2015 350,000
2016 400,000
2. On January 2, 2014, heavy equipment costing $600,000 was purchased. The equipment had
a life of 5 years and no salvage value. The straight-line method of depreciation is used for
book purposes and the tax depreciation taken each year is listed below:
Tax Depreciation
2014 2015 2016 2017 Total
$198,000 $270,000 $90,000 $42,000 $600,000
3. On January 2, 2015, $300,000 was collected in advance for rental of a building for a three–
year period. The entire $300,000 was reported as taxable income in 2015, but $200,000 of
the $300,000 was reported as unearned revenue at December 31, 2015 for book purposes.
4. The enacted tax rates are 40% for all years.
Instructions
(a) Prepare a schedule comparing depreciation for financial reporting and tax purposes.
(b) Determine the deferred tax (asset) or liability at the end of 2014.
(c) Prepare a schedule of future taxable and (deductible) amounts at the end of 2015.
(d) Prepare a schedule of the deferred tax (asset) and liability at the end of 2015.
(e) Compute the net deferred tax expense (benefit) for 2015.
(f) Prepare the journal entry to record income tax expense, deferred income taxes, and income
tax payable for 2015.
Solution 19–115
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 40
Solution 19-115 (cont.)
Pr. 19–116—Deferred tax asset.
Farmer Inc. began business on January 1, 2014. Its pretax financial income for the first 2 years
was as follows:
2014 $240,000
2015 560,000
The following items caused the only differences between pretax financial income and taxable
income.
Accounting for Income Taxes
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Pr. 19-116 (cont.)
1. In 2014, the company collected $360,000 of rent; of this amount, $120,000 was earned in
2014; the other $240,000 will be earned equally over the 2015–2016 period. The full
$360,000 was included in taxable income in 2014.
2. The company pays $10,000 a year for life insurance on officers.
3. In 2015, the company terminated a top executive and agreed to $90,000 of severance pay.
The amount will be paid $30,000 per year for 2015–2017. The 2015 payment was made. The
$90,000 was expensed in 2015. For tax purposes, the severance pay is deductible as it is
paid.
The enacted tax rates existing at December 31, 2014 are:
2014 30% 2016 40%
2015 35% 2017 40%
Instructions
(a) Determine taxable income for 2014 and 2015.
(b) Determine the deferred income taxes at the end of 2014, and prepare the journal entry to
record income taxes for 2014.
(c) Prepare a schedule of future taxable and (deductible) amounts at the end of 2015.
(d) Prepare a schedule of the deferred tax (asset) and liability at the end of 2015.
(e) Compute the net deferred tax expense (benefit) for 2015.
(f) Prepare the journal entry to record income taxes for 2015.
(g) Show how the deferred income taxes should be reported on the balance sheet at December
31, 2015.
Solution 19-116
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 42
Pr. 19-117—Interperiod tax allocation with change in enacted tax rates.
Murphy Company purchased equipment for $300,000 on January 2, 2014, its first day of
operations. For book purposes, the equipment will be depreciated using the straight-line method
over three years with no salvage value. Pretax financial income and taxable income are as
follows:
2014 2015 2016
Pretax financial income $224,000 $260,000 $300,000
Taxable income 194,000 260,000 330,000
The temporary difference between pretax financial income and taxable income is due to the use
of accelerated depreciation for tax purposes.
Instructions
(a) Prepare the journal entries to record income taxes for all three years (expense, deferrals,
and liabilities) assuming that the enacted tax rate applicable to all three years is 30%.
(b) Prepare the journal entries to record income taxes for all three years (expense, deferrals,
and liabilities) assuming that the enacted tax rate as of 2014 is 30% but that in the middle of
2015, Congress raises the income tax rate to 35% retroactive to the beginning of 2015.
Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 43
Solution 19-117
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 44
IFRS QUESTIONS
True/False Questions
1. Under IFRS an affirmative judgment approach is used for recognizing deferred tax assets up
to the amount that is probable to be realized.
2. Under U.S. GAAP, the rate used to compute deferred taxes is either the enacted tax rate, or a
substantially enacted tax rate (virtually certain).
3. Under IFRS, a deferred tax liability is classified as current or noncurrent based on the
classification of the asset or liability to which it relates.
4. Under IFRS, all tax effects are charged or credited to income.
5. Under IFRS, all potential liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions are recognized.
Multiple Choice Questions
6. Which of the following is false regarding accounting for deferred taxes under IFRS?
a. A deferred tax liability is classified as current or noncurrent based on the classification
of the asset or liability to which it relates.
b. A deferred tax asset is recognized up to the amount that is probable to be realized.
c. Tax effects of certain items are recognized in equity.
d. The rate used to compute deferred taxes is either the enacted tax rate, or a
substantially enacted tax rate (virtually certain).
7. Jerome Co. has the following deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2014:
Amount
Related to
$100,000
Installment sales, expected to be collected in 2015
$350,000
Fixed asset, 10-year remaining useful life, 2014 tax depreciation exceeds
book depreciation
$90,000
Prepaid insurance related to 2015
What amount would Jerome Co. report as a noncurrent deferred tax liability under IFRS and
under U.S. GAAP?
IFRS U.S. GAAP
a. $0 $450,000
b. $540,000 $350,000
c. $350,000 $350,000
d. $540,000 $540,000
Accounting for Income Taxes
19 – 45
8. With regard to recognition of deferred tax assets, IFRS requires
Approach
Recognition
a.
Affirmative judgment
Recognize an asset up to the amount that is probable
to be realized
b.
Impairment approach
Recognize asset in full, reduced by valuation
allowance if it’s more likely than not that all or a
portion of the asset won’t be realized
c.
Affirmative judgment
Recognize asset in full, reduced by valuation
allowance if it’s more likely than not that all or a
portion of the asset won’t be realized
d.
Impairment approach
Recognize an asset up to the amount that is probable
to be realized
9. Match the approach, IFRS or U.S. GAAP, with the location where tax effects are reported:
Approach
Location
a.
IFRS
Charge or credit only taxable temporary differences to income
b.
U.S. GAAP
Charge or credit certain tax effects to equity
c.
IFRS
Charge or credit certain tax effects to equity
d.
U.S. GAAP
Charge or credit only deductible temporary differences to
income
10. Alice, Inc. has the following deferred tax assets at December 31, 2014:
Amount
Related to
$180,000
Rent revenue collected in advance related to 2015
$75,000
Warranty liability, expected to be paid in 2015
$255,000
Accrued liability related to a lawsuit expected to settle in 2018
What amount would Alice, Inc. report as a current deferred tax asset under IFRS and under
U.S. GAAP?
_IFRS_ U.S. GAAP
a $510,000 $510,000
b. $0 $255,000
c. $255,000 $510,000
d. $510,000 $255,000
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition
19 – 46
Short Answer:
11. Briefly describe some of the similarities and differences between U.S. GAAP and IFRS
with respect to income tax accounting.
12. Describe the current convergence efforts of the FASB and IASB in the area of accounting
for taxes.
1. The FASB and the IASB have been working to address some of the differences in the