31) Discuss the key internal controls that should be present in the processing purchase orders
function in the acquisitions and payment cycle.
32) Discuss the key internal controls that should be present in the receiving goods and services
function in the acquisitions and payment cycle.
33) How do auditors determine the extent of testing of internal controls in the acquisition and
payment cycle?
34) Listed below are some management assertions made for the acquisition and payment cycle.
For each one give an example of how the auditor by using the documents normally found in the
process can apply an auditing procedure to test the assertion.
completeness
timing
accuracy
35) Significant audit efficiencies can be achieved on many audits when controls are operating
effectively.
36) Failure to record the acquisition of goods and services received overstates both accounts
payable and net income.
37) The controls over acquisitions included in the perpetual inventory records are normally
tested as a part of the test of controls and substantive tests of transactions for the sales and
collection cycle.
38) Because of the importance of tests of controls and substantive tests of transactions for
acquisitions and cash disbursements, attributes sampling is commonly used when testing the
acquisitions and cash disbursements cycle.
39) A substantive test of transactions commonly used to test the completeness objective for
acquisitions is “Trace from a file of receiving reports to the acquisitions journal.”
40) The audit procedure “Test clerical accuracy by footing the journals and tracing postings to
general ledger and to accounts payable and inventory master files” is used to test the posting and
summarization objective for acquisitions.
41) Auditors are normally more concerned about violations of the completeness objective for
acquisitions than about violations of the occurrence objective for acquisitions.
42) Checks should be prenumbered to make it easier to account for all checks.
43) Since there are a large number of accounts involved in the acquisition and payment cycle,
there is the potential for classification misstatements, some of which are likely to affect income.
44) The audit procedure “Examine canceled check for authorized signature, proper endorsement,
and cancellation by the bank” is used to test the occurrence objective for cash disbursements.
45) Auditors typically perform the acquisitions and cash disbursements tests at different times.
18.4 Learning Objective 18-4
1) A liability is properly accounted for as an account payable if
A) the amount is known and owed as of the balance sheet date.
B) the amount can be estimated and is owed at the balance sheet date.
C) the amount is known at the balance sheet date and owed by the end of the next fiscal year.
D) the amount is estimated and owed within 90 days of the balance sheet date.
2) When determining the methodology for designing tests of details of balances for accounts
payable,
A) the focus by many companies on improving their supply-chain management activities has led
to numerous changes in the design of systems used to initiate and record acquisition and payment
activities.
B) it is relatively inexpensive to audit accounts payable.
C) performance materiality for accounts payable is set relatively low.
D) inherent risk is often set at low.
3) Auditors are especially concerned about the ________ and ________ balance-related audit
objectives because of the potential for understatements in the account balance.
A) completeness; cutoff
B) completeness; accuracy
C) classification; realizable value
D) classification; cutoff
4) Describe the methodology for designing tests of details of balances for accounts payable.
5) The auditors ultimate substantive tests depend on the relative effectiveness of internal controls
related to accounts payable.
6) Auditors typically set performance materiality for accounts payable relatively low.
7) Most accrued liabilities can be identified by the existence of vendors’ invoices for the
obligation.
18.5 Learning Objective 18-5
1) Which substantive analytical procedure would help determine if there are unrecorded or
nonexistent accounts?
A) Review the list of accounts payable for unusual items.
B) Compare acquisition-related expense account balances with prior years.
C) Calculate ratios, such as accounts payable divided by current liabilities.
D) Calculate ratios, such as sales divided by gross profit.
2) Explain why auditors should compare current year expense totals with prior year expense
totals as an analytical procedure for accounts payable.
3) A misstatement of an expense account usually also results in an equal misstatement of
accounts receivable.
18.6 Learning Objective 18-6
1) At what point do most companies recognize liabilities in the acquisition and payment cycle
when the goods are shipped FOB destination?
A) when the purchase order is issued
B) when the vendor acknowledges receipt of the order
C) when the goods or services are received
D) when the vendor invoice is received
2) Cutoff procedures for inventory purchased should be designed by companies to assure that
A) inventory owned by the company has been received.
B) inventory included in the year-end inventory count has been paid.
C) inventory received before year-end was recorded before year-end.
D) inventory was correctly valued at year-end.
3) You are the in-charge auditor and are designing audit procedures for accounts payable. Which
of the following management assertions would you normally be most concerned about?
A) occurrence
B) accuracy
C) completeness
D) existence
4) The main focus taken by the auditor in verifying liability balances is on the discovery of
I. understated liabilities.
II. omitted liabilities.
A) I only
B) II only
C) both I and II
D) neither I nor II
5) By tracing receiving reports issued at and before year-end to vendors’ invoices and making
sure they are included in accounts payable, the auditor is testing for
A) theft of merchandise by employees.
B) unrecorded obligations.
C) lapping.
D) kiting.
6) The extent of a search for unrecorded liabilities largely depends on
A) materiality and inherent risk.
B) materiality and control risk.
C) materiality only.
D) inherent risk only.
7) A document review of which of the following is most likely to yield evidence of any
unrecorded liabilities?
A) debit memos
B) vendor memos
C) unpaid accounts payable
D) sales invoices out of sequence
8) When the client’s physical inventory occurs before the last day of the year, it is still necessary
to perform an accounts payable cutoff at the time of the count. In addition, the auditor must
verify whether all acquisitions taking place between the count and the end of the year were added
to
A) the physical inventory.
B) accounts payable.
C) accounts payable and cost of goods sold.
D) the physical inventory and accounts payable.
9) Peprah Company pays its accounts payable 45 days after receipt of the goods or services. In
this case, which audit procedure should be used to detect any unrecorded liabilities?
A) Examine cash disbursements for several weeks after the balance sheet date.
B) Reconcile purchase orders to requisition orders.
C) Reconcile purchase orders to receiving reports.
D) Reconcile purchase orders to vendor invoices.
10) Cutoff information for inventory acquisitions should be obtained during
A) the interim period prior to year-end.
B) the interim period immediately following year-end.
C) the physical observation of inventory.
D) either the interim period prior to or immediately following year-end.
11) Which of the following is not a typical audit procedure performed as part of the out-of-
period liability tests?
A) Examine underlying documentation for cash disbursements made during the last month of the
year.
B) Examine underlying documentation for bills not paid several weeks after the year-end.
C) Trace receiving reports issued before year-end to related vendors’ invoices.
D) All of the above are correct.
12) In searching for unrecorded liabilities the purpose of the audit procedure to “examine
underlying documentation for subsequent cash disbursements” is to
A) uncover liabilities on the balance sheet which should not have been recorded until a
subsequent period.
B) find the documentation relating to a cash disbursement.
C) uncover payments made in a subsequent accounting period for liabilities that existed at the
balance sheet date.
D) uncover cash disbursements recorded in a subsequent accounting period which should be
recorded in this period.
13) To test for cutoff errors which overstate liabilities, the auditor should trace the receiving
reports issued ________ to vendors’ invoices.
A) after year-end
B) before year-end
C) the last day of the fiscal year
D) both before and after year-end
14) In determining that the accounts payable cutoff is correct, it is essential that the cutoff tests
be coordinated with the
A) confirmation of payables.
B) tests of long-term liabilities.
C) observation of inventory.
D) cash count.
15) An inventory acquisition is received late in the afternoon of December 31 after the physical
inventory is completed. If the acquisition is included in accounts payable and purchases, but
excluded from inventory, the result
A) is an understatement of net earnings.
B) is an overstatement of net earnings.
C) is an overstatement of working capital.
D) is an overstatement of owner’s equity.
16) When an acquisition is on an FOB origin basis, the inventory and related accounts payable
must be recorded in the current period if the goods were
A) received prior to the balance sheet date.
B) shipped on or before the balance sheet date.
C) both shipped and received prior to the balance sheet date.
D) paid for in advance.
17) When assets are being verified, auditors focus much of their attention on making sure that
the accounts are not overstated. Alternatively, auditors focus their efforts on understatement
when auditing liabilities. What is the primary reason for this difference in focus?
A) auditors’ legal liability
B) GAAP
C) GAAS requirements
D) all of the above
18) A company recorded an acquisition of merchandise and its related liability, but failed to
include the merchandise in ending inventory. The effect on the financial statements was to
A) understate liabilities.
B) understate net income.
C) overstate net income.
D) have no impact on the financial statements since the errors cancel each other out.
19) The overall objective in the audit of accounts payable is to determine whether accounts
payable
A) are fairly stated and properly disclosed.
B) are overstated.
C) are understated.
D) are accurately stated.
20) ________ is a balance-related audit objective that is not applicable to liabilities.
A) Existence
B) Accuracy
C) Detail tie-in
D) Realizable value
21) Auditors examine supporting documentation for cash disbursements subsequent to the
balance sheet date in order to determine whether the cash disbursement was for a current period
liability.
Describe at least two audit procedures the auditor would perform to provide evidence that the
cash disbursement was made for a current period liability.
22) Describe the audit procedures typically used to test for out-of-period liabilities (also referred
to as the search for unrecorded accounts payable).
23) The balance-related audit objective realizable value is not applicable when auditing accounts
payable.
24) When auditing accounts payable, the auditor is more concerned about the possibility of
understatements than overstatements.
25) To test for overstatement cutoff amounts when auditing accounts payable, the auditor should
trace receiving reports issued before year-end to related vendors’ invoices to make sure they are
not recorded as accounts payable.
26) The “rights “aspect of the “rights and obligations” objective is not applicable to liabilities.
27) Auditors primarily emphasize the understatement of liabilities in the audit of accounts
payable because they are concerned about potential legal liability.
18.7 Learning Objective 18-7
1) The documents typically used to reconcile the balance on the accounts payable list with the
confirmation or vendor’s statements include all of the following except for
A) receiving reports.
B) vendor’s invoices.
C) sales invoices.
D) cancelled checks.
2) Which of the following is most reliable for verifying the correct balance of accounts payable?
A) vendors’ invoices
B) vendors’ statements
C) confirmations
D) bills of lading
3) Vendors’ statements and vendors’ invoices are both relatively reliable evidence because they
A) come directly to the auditor without being in client’s possession.
B) originate from a third party.
C) validate the effectiveness of the control system.
D) are compared to and reconciled with sales invoices.
4) The auditor is performing tests of transactions for individual accounts payable transactions
with vendors. Which document provides more reliable information about individual transactions
with vendors?
A) receiving report
B) vendors’ invoices
C) vendors’ statements
D) purchase orders
5) Auditor confirmation of accounts payable balances at the balance sheet date may not need to
be performed by the auditor because
A) this is a duplication of cutoff tests.
B) there is likely to be other reliable external evidence available to support the balances.
C) accounts payable balances at the balance sheet date may not be paid before the audit is
completed.
D) correspondence with the audit client’s attorney will reveal all legal action by vendors for
nonpayment.
6) Under which of the following circumstances would it be advisable for the auditor to confirm
accounts payable with creditors?
A) The internal accounting control over accounts payable is effective, and there is sufficient
evidence on hand to minimize the risk of a material misstatement.
B) The confirmation response is expected to be favorable, and accounts payable balances are of
immaterial amounts.
C) The creditor statements are not available and internal control over payables is deficient.
D) The majority of accounts payable balances are with associated companies.
7) The auditor is performing substantive tests of balances for accounts payable. What
documentation would provide the best evidence for the ending balance?
A) vendors’ invoices
B) vendors’ statements
C) receiving reports
D) purchase orders
8) The auditor gets highly reliable evidence about individual transactions by examining
A) vendors’ invoices.
B) vendors’ statements.
C) confirmations of accounts payable balances.
D) detailed inventory counting instructions.
9) When determining sample sizes for accounts payable tests,
A) sample sizes rarely vary from audit to audit.
B) auditors must try to ensure that the population includes all potential payables.
C) defining the population is a simple procedure.
D) all of the above are correct.
10) When auditors examine vendors’ statements or receive confirmations, there must be a
reconciliation of the statement or confirmation with the
A) accounts payable list.
B) vendors’ invoices.
C) purchase orders.
D) receiving reports.
11) You are performing an audit of Hawk Company. In evaluating the accounts payable balance
you are concerned with the completeness assertion. Which of the following audit procedures best
satisfies your concern?
A) Send confirmations to only vendors with large balances.
B) Send confirmations to vendors with large, active, zero balance accounts and a representative
sample of all others.
C) Send confirmations to vendors chosen from sample stratified by the dollar balance.
D) Send confirmations to all vendors.
12) Discuss the circumstances in which it is desirable to send confirmation requests to the client’s
vendors.
13) A vendor’s statement is unreliable and auditors rarely use it.
14) When verifying the correct balance in accounts payable, vendors’ invoices are more useful
than vendors’ statements.