Petras Company engaged in the following transactions during 2012, its first year in
operations: (Assume all transactions are cash transactions)
1) Acquired $950 cash from the issue of common stock.
2) Borrowed $420 from a bank.
3) Earned $600 of revenues.
4) Paid expenses of $250.
5) Paid a $50 dividend.
During 2013, Petras engaged in the following transactions: (Assume all transactions are
cash transactions)
1) Issued an additional $325 of common stock.
2) Repaid $220 of its debt to the bank.
3) Earned revenues of $750.
4) Incurred expenses of $360.
5) Paid dividends of $100.
The total in Petras’ retained earnings account BEFORE closing in 2012 is
A.$0.
B.$300.
C.$350.
D.none of these.
Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false.
_____ a) The amount of a sales volume variance is the difference between the static
budget and a flexible budget based on actual volume.
_____ b) The sales volume variance measures managers’ effectiveness in achieving the
planned sales price for the company’s products.
_____ c) Production managers are usually held responsible for the sales volume
variance.
_____ d) If the planned sales volume was 25,000 units and the actual sales volume was
24,500 units, the sales volume variance was favorable.
_____ e) For marketing managers, “making the numbers” refers to reaching the
budgeted sales volume.