16) The costs incurred by a manufacturer of lawn mowers to develop a method to
reduce carbon dioxide emissions from its products would be categorized as what type of
cost by an environmental management accounting system (EMA)?
A) Research and development cost
B) Waste and emission control cost
C) Prevention cost
D) Materials cost of product output
17) Research and development would most likely be classified as a ________ cost.
A) unit-level
B) batch-level
C) facility-level
D) product-level
18) Sound Design sells its computer speakers for $115 per set. Its variable cost is $75
per set of speakers. Fixed costs are $80,000 per month for volumes up to 2,400 sets of
speakers. Above 2,400 sets, monthly fixed costs are $115,000. What is the budgeted
operating income (loss) at a sales level of 2,300 sets of speakers per month?
A) Operating loss of $23,000
B) Operating income of $92,000
C) Operating income of $12,000
D) Operating income of $184,500
19) Willard’s Department Store has budgeted cost of goods sold of $42,000 for its men’s
shorts in March. Management also wants to have $7,600 of men’s shorts in inventory at
the end of March to prepare for the summer season. Beginning inventory of men’s
shorts for March is expected to be $5,500. What dollar amount of men’s shorts should