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Which of the following cases provided the possibility of parole for a youth under the
age of 18?
a. Mapp v. Ohio
b. Miller v. Alabama
c. Roper v. Simmons
d. In re Gault
The _____ used a method in which teachers learn techniques that reward appropriate
student behavior and minimize disruptive behavior.
a. Good Behavior Game
b. Quantum Opportunities Program
c. Seattle Social Development Project
d. Juvenile Mentoring Program
The chivalry hypothesis suggests that women who commit crimes have biological and
psychological traits similar to those of men.
a. True
b. False
Alcohol-related deaths far outnumber deaths resulting from all other illegal drugs
combined.
a. True
b. False
Very few children live in poverty.
a. True
b. False
_______ has provided thousands of youths with advisors and relies on responsible and
caring adults to volunteer their time as mentors to young people.
a. Project PATHE
b. Mobilization for Youth (MOBY)
c. Quantum Opportunities Program
d. Juvenile Mentoring Program
Girls who experience an early onset of physical maturity are most likely to engage in
antisocial behavior.
a. True
b. False
What is the ability of communities to regulate the behavior of their residents through
the influence of community institutions (i.e., family and school) called?
a. Societal collectiveness
b. Collective efficacy
c. Group cohesiveness
d. Community control
Higher levels of youth problem behaviors and delinquency are associated with drug use
as well as drug selling.
a. True
b. False
The Monitoring the Future survey (MTF) is considered one of the most important
ongoing self-report studies. MTF surveys, with few exceptions, indicated self-reported
teenage participation to be more stable than the trends reported in the UCR arrest data
in what areas?
a. Theft, violence, and damage-related crimes
b. Violence, substance abuse, and damage-related crimes
c. Theft, violence, and substance abuse
d. Substance abuse, damage-related crimes, and violence
Research shows that the more often children are forced to go through family transitions
the more likely they are to engage in delinquent behavior.
a. True
b. False
The Council of Europe is responsible for compiling the United Nations Survey of
Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems.
a. True
b. False
Status offenders are those who fall under a jurisdictional age limit and who commit an
act in violation of the penal code.
a. True
b. False
What is the peacemaking technique in which offenders, victims, and other community
members are brought together in an effort to formulate a sanction that addresses the
needs of all concerned parties?
a. Community restitution
b. Reintegrative shaming
c. Sentencing circles
d. Intermediate sanctions
Tossing or flashing gang signs in the presence of rivals, often escalating into a verbal or
physical confrontation, is called ____.
a. posting
b. representing
c. signifying
d. identifying
When the social service agency presents its case plan and recommendation for care of
the child and treatment of the parents, including incarceration and counseling or other
treatments, it is called _____.
a. advisement hearing
b. pretrial conference
c. ad litem hearing
d. disposition hearing
Paul was always a "hand full"; as a toddler and then preschooler he was stubborn,
refusing to speak to people who spoke to him or comply with simple requests. In
elementary school, Paul's stubborn behaviors morphed into open defiance. He would
not comply with school personnel requests he go to his classroom or with his teacher
when she asked him to read or complete an assignment. At home, when asked by his
parents to complete a chore or to do his homework, Paul would stare at them and
simply say, "No." When Paul entered middle school, he started staying out late and not
going to school. Eventually he started to run away whenever the mood struck him.
Which of the pathways appropriately describes Paul's delinquent behaviors?
a. Covert pathway
b. Overt pathway
c. Authority conflict pathway
d. Trajectory pathway
The most recent NSDUH results show that _____ use is more common among male
youths compared to their female counterparts.
a. methamphetamine
b. cocaine
c. cigarette
d. marijuana
What is seen as a set of principles, a philosophy, an alternate set of guiding questions,
and questions that provide an alternative framework for thinking about wrongdoing?
a. Symbolic interaction
b. Intermediate sanctions
c. Community restoration
d. Restorative justice
Antisocial behavior allegedly peaks in the teenage years because hormonal activity is at
its highest level during this period.
a. True
b. False
Probation for juvenile offenders occurs when they are closely monitored by an officer
of the court and must adhere to a strict set of rules to avoid incarceration.
a. True
b. False
According to the text, the latest data tells us that more than _____ of school-aged
children have reported being bullied at least once in the past year.
a. 30%
b. 50%
c. 60%
d. 70%
It was reported that nationwide teenage birthrates have declined substantially during the
past decade. Which of the following groups has seen the largest decline?
a. African American
b. Asian
c. Hispanic
d. White
What refers to the propensity to commit crime that profoundly and permanently
disrupts normal socialization over the life course?
a. State dependence
b. Cumulative disadvantages
c. Latent trait
d. Problem behavior syndrome
The U.S. Supreme Court case, _____, upheld the concept of preventive detention for
juveniles.
a. In re Gault
b. In re Kemmler
c. Schall v. Martin
d. Miranda v. Arizona
Jack lives with both biological parents in a middle-class neighborhood. Jack was caught
with alcohol in his locker at school and ended up in juvenile court. What theory
acknowledges middle-class delinquency?
a. Social conflict
b. Restorative justice
c. Social control
d. Social reaction
Passive electronic systems monitor the offender by continuously sending a signal back
to the central office.
a. True
b. False
Control theory centers on a view of society in which an elite class uses the law as a
means of meeting threats to its status.
a. True
b. False
An example of an organization involved in prevention programs would be _____.
a. the Boys and Girls Club
b. Job Corps
c. Head Start
d. YouthBuild U.S.A.
Small groups of friends who share intimate knowledge and activities with each other
are referred to as _____.
a. families
b. crowds
c. groups
d. cliques
Organized government or criminal groups in South America that selectively kill
members of opposing groups and incite fear in those groups and among their supporters
are known as _____.
a. drug lords
b. freedom fighters
c. death squads
d. skinheads
Summarize the four areas identified in the text as problems in cyberspace. What are
these areas, how are they defined, and why are they problematic? What are your views
on these areas? Should government enact more social controls, and if so, what types of
controls, or do you consider these areas rights of passage? Support your position.
Most juvenile justice experts oppose the ____, or the transfer of juveniles to adult
courts, because it clashes with the rehabilitation ideal not as commonly found in adult
courts.
Discuss the three independent views on the association between school failure and
delinquency. Explain your view on these associations.
What helps socialize youth into the wider society, instilling in them such desirable
values as discipline, caring, and respect for others?
Describe wilderness probation programs. Do you believe these programs have value?
Why or why not?
It was reported that there has been an explosive growth of youth gangs in the United
States; according to surveys, there are in excess of how many gang members in the
United States?
The current juvenile justice system exercises jurisdiction over two distinct categories of
offenders: _____ and _____.
Describe the concept of primary and secondary deviance and explain how secondary
deviance involves resocialization into a deviant role. Explain your view of this theory.
______ drugs are central nervous system depressants.
According to the text, Messerschmidt argues that capitalist society is defined by what
two areas?
A ____ court cannot sentence juveniles to county jails or state prisons, as these are
reserved for adults only.
The process and experience of returning to society upon release from a custodial facility
postadjudication is called _____.
Discuss security measures used by schools. Do you think these efforts are adequate or
should schools increase their security measures? Explain.
Explain the concept of persistent offenders.
One of the criticisms of the diversion programs is that juveniles who previously would
have been released without official notice are now involved in the juvenile justice
system. This is referred to as ______.
According to GST, child abuse and neglect, school failure, family and/or peer conflicts,
racism, and discrimination are experiences associated with what source of strain?
_____ programs usually involve nonprofessional volunteers spending time with people
at risk for delinquency.
Discuss the Intensive Aftercare Program (IAP) model, including the five basic
principles.
Discuss blended sentences.
Explain how recent social improvements positively impact American youth. What, in
your view, is the single most important social improvement? Support your view.
