Chandler, Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility, 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2020
Chapter 11: Sustainability
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. The ______ in 1987 popularized the term sustainability.
A. Kyoto Protocol
B. Brundtland Report
C. Paris COP21
D. Rio Climate Change Convention
2. The COP21 agreement ______.
A. set a target of reducing carbon emissions to essentially zero by the latter half of this
century
B. has legally binding agreements among all countries
C. established a single, internationally agreed-upon global carbon price
D. the COP21 agreement did all of these things
3. According to the textbook, the success of COP21 relies on which of the following?
A. Countries continually assessing their progress toward reducing carbon emissions
and adjusting their targets accordingly.
B. A worldwide conversion to a combination of nuclear, solar, and wind power by 2050.
C. The United States taking the lead in the reduction of carbon emissions.
D. COP21 has no chance of success.
4. The collective response to the United Nations various reports on the dangers of
climate change has been ______.
A. to agree to global restrictions on carbon emissions
B. to agree to a global tax to fund combatting climate change
C. to levy heavy fines on global polluters
D. to not take any substantive action at all
Chandler, Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility, 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2020
5. Which of the following is NOT one of the four main reasons businesses should care
about sustainability?
A. climate change
B. natural capital
C. profit optimization
D. stakeholders
6. To illustrate the problem of the collective rate of consumption on sustainability, if
everyone on Earth lived the lifestyle of a traditional Indian villager, it is arguable that
even 12 billion would be a sustainable world population. If everyone lives like an upper-
middle-class North American, the level of population above which it would be
unsustainable is ______.
A. 2 billion
B. 4 billion
C. 6 billion
D. 8 billion
7. Which country has the lowest levels of carbon emissions per capita?
A. China
B. Germany
C. India
D. United States
8. Where ______ aims to put the world back into balance, ______ looks for ways to
manage in an imbalanced world.
A. sustainability; resilience
B. sustainability; COP21
C. resilience; sustainability
D. COP21; the Kyoto Protocol
Chandler, Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility, 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2020
9. From a company’s perspective, ______ is made up of clean air, reliable availability of
freshwater, and productive topsoil.
A. natural capital
B. environmental accounting
C. environmental profit and loss
D. renewable capital
10. Which country accounts for two-thirds of the world’s increase in the carbon dioxide
emitted since 2000?
A. the United States
B. India
C. China
D. Brazil
11. Which company was one of the first firms to adopt the concept of environmental
profit-and-loss accounting?
A. Adidas
B. Nike
C. PUMA
D. Reebok
12. Pepsi’s efforts to measure the carbon footprint of Tropicana orange juice revealed
that the majority of carbon emissions occur during ______ of the juice.
A. packaging
B. production
C. distribution
D. use and disposal
13. Marks & Spencer, the UK retailer, describes its sustainability program as Plan A
because ______.
A. any environmental action plan must be affordable
B. A stands for action
C. there is no Plan B
D. all of these reasons
14. By number of cargo containers, what is the largest U.S. export to China?
A. automobiles
B. coal
C. grain
D. scrap
15. Electronic waste in the form of televisions, computers, and cell phones is a
particularly vexing environmental problem because ______.
A. large amounts of carbon dioxide are generated during production
B. the products sit in landfills for thousands of years after they are thrown away
C. the products contain many types of heavy metals
D. a lot of oil is used in production
16. Much of the West’s e-waste is outsourced to ______, where it is often dismantled by
hand by poorly paid women and children with little or no protective clothing or
equipment.
A. Africa
B. China
C. India
D. Indonesia
17. The 1987 Brundtland Report was named for ______.
A. the city in Norway in which a United Nations meeting was held
B. its main author, the Norwegian prime minister
C. an area of northern Europe most dramatically impacted by climate change
D. a geographic region above the Arctic Circle that showed the first signs of polar ice
cap melt
18. America uses more electricity for ______ than Africa uses for all purposes.
A. cooling
B. lighting
C. heating
D. manufacturing
19. The science on climate change is not disputed. What is disputed is(are) ______.
A. who or what is responsible for climate change
B. the consequences of climate change
C. the impact of oil-based fuel technologies
D. the relative impact of developed countries on climate change
20. Firms are beginning to anticipate the day when stakeholders will demand greater
accountability for their environmental performance. General Motors, for example, has
pledged to be ______.
A. carbon-free
B. solar-powered
C. free of combustion engine cars
D. landfill-free
21. China accounts for ______ of the world’s increase in the carbon dioxide emitted
since 2000.
Chandler, Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility, 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2020
A. one-quarter
B. one-third
C. one-half
D. two-thirds
22. When ______ announced it would start charging for plastic bags, within 6 months,
the policy cut bag consumption in the United States by more than 50%.
A. Whole Foods
B. IKEA
C. Apple
D. Nike
23. A company that is demonstrating the power of innovation and entrepreneurial spirit
with its pledge to eliminate the idea of waste is ______.
A. Patagonia
B. Whole Foods
C. Microsoft
D. TerraCycle
24. Companies, such as Disney and Microsoft, which are attaching a “shadow price” to
their carbon emissions, are beginning to account for the impact on ______ of their
activities.
A. natural capital
B. stakeholder values
C. shareholder values
D. environmental growth
25. Firms need to care about sustainability because of the likelihood that ______.
A. stakeholder perceptions will change about the need to do something about the
environment
Chandler, Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility, 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2020
B. governments will implement carbon taxes and other penalties
C. competitors are likely to address sustainability and will gain an advantage by doing
so
D. cap-and-trade programs will be implemented by 2020
26. Which famous business leader is known for his belief that unless companies
changed their approach to sustainability, business leaders like him would be judged by
future generations as “thieves and plunderers of the planet?”
A. Ray Anderson, founder of Interface Carpets
B. Jack Welch, former chair and CEO of GE
C. Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft
D. Howard Schultz, chair and CEO of Starbucks
27. In the current global economic model, whether we ______ a product is more
important than whether we ______ it.
A. need; want
B. want; need
C. waste; want
D. need; waste
28. Mass consumption and quick turnover are essential in the global economy. What do
these conditions lead to?
A. waste
B. profit optimization
C. recycling
D. sustainability
29. A huge assumption of the current economic model is that the world’s resources are
______.
A. readily available
Chandler, Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility, 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2020
B. finite
C. infinite
D. recyclable
30. In our current economy, the more that is ______, the ______ the economy is.
A. wasted; stronger
B. recycled; stronger
C. wasted; weaker
D. recycled; weaker
31. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD), the average American produces ______ of trash per day.
A. less than 3 pounds
B. approximately 3.3 pounds
C. between 4.5 and 7 pounds
D. more than 8 pounds
32. ______ represents the recognition that a changing climate will affect business
operations and that managing risk and adapting to the new environment will
increasingly be important to business success.
A. Natural capital
B. COP21
C. Global sustainability
D. Resilience
33. The metals, chemicals, and solder that make up the components inside electronic
devices are ______.
A. easy to recycle
B. readily available in the natural environment
C. toxic
Chandler, Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility, 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2020
D. inexpensive to produce
34. In the United States alone, it is estimated that ______ tons of e-waste are discarded
annually.
A. 1.5 million
B. 2.4 million
C. 5 million
D. more than 10 million
35. The United Nation’s Basel Convention is an important government–level initiative.
What does it regulate?
A. carbon emissions
B. e-waste
C. recycling efforts
D. water conservation
1. The greatest concern about COP21 is that it is too little, too late.
2. Sustainable development meets the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
3. Global warming is a prediction.
4. The concept of natural capital fits in the rational argument for CSR.
5. Climate change has reached a point where only substantial action will produce
meaningful effects and avert the catastrophic outcome we are otherwise hurtling toward.
1. What does it mean to say that the waste we generate is a central driver of the global
economy?
2. One hundred companies control 25% of the trade of all 15 of the most significant
commodities on the planet. Why is that important? What process does that force
companies to pay more attention to?
3. Describe the problems associated with e-waste and provide an analysis of possible
solutions.
4. Must the global economic model of mass consumption change if there is to be
realistic progress toward improving the environment?
5. Describe each of the reasons that firms should care about sustainability. Which is the
most important to you, and why is it most important?
6. Who should bear the most responsibility for the pollution associated with e-waste?
Support your answer with specific examples.