Instructor Resource
Neck, Self-Leadership, 2e
1. We create our own psychological worlds by ______.
a. selecting what enters our mind and what shape it takes after it does
b. not selecting what enters our mind, but what shape the items take
c. not selecting what enters our mind or what shape the items take
d. selecting what enters our mind, but not what shape it takes
2. The content from our psychological worlds ______.
a. determines how we behave but not the nature of the physical world
b. determines how we behave, which, in turn, determines the nature of the physical
world
c. determines the nature of the physical world but not how we behave
d. doesn’t determine the nature of how we behave or the nature of the physical world
3. Which of the following can self-leadership do?
a. increase understanding of our psychological world but not how we deal with it
b. not impact our psychological world
c. decrease understanding of psychological world and how we deal with it
d. determine what we choose to think about and how we choose to think about it
4. If we wish to achieve effective self-leadership, we must ______.
a. take responsibility for what others do
b. take responsibility for what we think
c. place the responsibility of our actions on authority figures
d. take responsibility for what others think
5. What do we change by understanding our psychological worlds?
a. our psychological world and our experiences but not our behaviors
b. our psychological world and our behaviors but not our experiences
c. our psychological world, our behaviors, and our experiences
d. our behaviors and experiences but not our psychological world
6. If we are invited to a party and focus on the negative aspects of the positive situation,
what is being impacted?
a. physical world
b. psychological world
c. behaviors
d. all of these
7. Elements that are likely to explain how our thinking impacts our behavior include
______.
a. beliefs, behaviors, and self-talk
b. beliefs, imagined experiences, self-talk, and thought patterns
c. beliefs, imagined experiences, and behaviors
d. thought patterns, behaviors, and self-talk
8. The Little Blue Engine chugging and going I think I can, I think I can is an example of
______.
a. imagined experiences
b. positive self-talk
c. behaviors
d. thought patterns
9. What is negative self-talk that prevents you from achieving your goals and feeling
good about yourself?
a. negative imagination
b. sappers
c. bad thoughts
d. internal critic
10. As Serena Williams sings a song in her head to help her stay focused during
matches, she is engaging in ______.
a. positive self-talk
b. distractions
c. negative self-talk
d. imagined experiences
11. If you employ sappers in your self-talk, you are saying that you cause ______.
a. positive events
b. negative events
c. positive events and positive emotions
d. negative events and negative emotions
12. Self-talk to help individuals to be more effective in their life should be ______.
a. motivating, supporting, and negative
b. demotivating and negative
c. motivating, positive, and unsupporting
d. motivating, positive, and supporting
13. Which of the following are categories of dysfunctional thinking?
a. extreme thinking and lack of generalization
b. positive thinking, emotional reasoning, and would statements
c. mental filters and should statements
d. labeling and moderate thinking
Instructor Resource
Neck, Self-Leadership, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2020
14. If individuals are drawing negative conclusions regarding situations despite a lack of
concrete evidence to support the conclusions, they are ______.
a. fortune telling
b. labeling and mislabeling
c. mind reading
d. disqualifying the positive
15. To alter destructive beliefs, an aspiring entrepreneur should ______.
a. identify the dysfunction and change thoughts to be more irrational
b. change thoughts but not identify dysfunction
c. identify the dysfunction and change thoughts to be more rational
d. do nothing at all
16. Mental distortions can lead to ______.
a. personal effectiveness and potential depression
b. ineffective thinking and potential depression
c. ineffective thinking and personal effectiveness
d. effective thinking and personal effectiveness
17. If an individual only thinks in black and white (either total perfection or total failure),
they are engaging in ______.
a. overgeneralization
b. mental filter
c. extreme thinking
d. emotional reasoning
18. If individuals use more positive and rational thoughts, what type of beliefs can they
challenge?
a. mental filters
b. emotional reasoning
c. should statements
d. all of these
19. The successful completion of an event being imagined before even competing in an
event is ______.
a. rehearsal
b. mental practice
c. self-talk
d. constructive thoughts
20. A salesperson who pictures himself not presenting very well in front of a client may
experience ______.
a. lack of confidence
b. a block to effective performance
c. emotional reasoning
d. all of these
21. The first step for practicing successful mental practice is _____.
a. focusing on the challenging situation
b. relaxing, concentrating, and focusing
c. mentally rehearsing
d. closing your eyes
22. The final step for practicing successful mental practice is ______.
a. mentally rehearsing
b. open your eyes and praising yourself
c. focusing on a challenge
d. talking positively to yourself
23. Which of the following is not a step in the process of successful mental practice?
a. closing your eyes
b. physical practicing
c. mentally rehearsing
d. staying concentrated, relaxed and focused
24. The use of mental practice can be for individuals in ______.
a. sports but not school
b. school but not the workforce
c. the workforce and sports
d. school, the workforce and sports
25. A pattern of thoughts that focuses on the possibilities of a situation is ______
thinking.
a. opportunity
b. obstacle
c. habitual
d. planned
26. Thought patterns involve ______.
a. our beliefs and our imagined experiences but not self-talk
b. self-talk, beliefs, and behaviors
c. self-talk, imagined experiences, and actual experiences
Instructor Resource
Neck, Self-Leadership, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2020
d. self-talk, beliefs, and imagined experiences
27. If individuals engage in thinking with roadblocks and pitfalls of their ideas, they are
engaging in ______ thinking.
a. opportunity
b. obstacle
c. habitual
d. negative
28. Individuals have the potential to engage in ______.
a. opportunity but not obstacle thinking
b. obstacle but not opportunity thinking
c. opportunity and obstacle thinking
d. neither opportunity nor obstacle thinking
29. Engaging in positive self-talk, challenging beliefs, and mental practice can lead to
______.
a. opportunity but not obstacle thinking
b. obstacle but not opportunity thinking
c. opportunity and obstacle thinking
d. neither opportunity nor obstacle thinking
30. Engaging in positive self-talk, challenging beliefs, and mental practice can lead to a
reduction in ______.
a. opportunity but not obstacle thinking
b. obstacle but not opportunity thinking
c. opportunity and obstacle thinking
d. neither opportunity nor obstacle thinking
31. How can you enjoy meaningful success in life?
a. Learn from your failures.
b. Stop trying new ideas.
c. Keep doing what has been successful so far.
d. Don’t ever fail.
32. Which of the following are new views of failure?
a. Give up if you are failing.
b. Seek positive feedback and think about yourself.
c. Redefine success and find the opportunities of failure.
d. Define what you tried as a failure and move on to the next idea.
33. What is true about the story of Jacques-Yves Cousteau?
a. He went on a diving trip and fell in love with the ocean.
b. After he finished pilot training with the Navy, he asked to be transferred to sea-duty.
c. He continued to want to be a pilot after suffering a near fatal car crash.
d. After a car crash, he could no longer fly, so he asked for sea-duty.
1. Disqualifying the positive, mental filters, overgeneralizations, and fortune telling are
all forms of dysfunctional thinking.
2. By making choices regarding what we focus on and what we think about, we
inevitably make choices that shape our psychological worlds.
3. Our psychological worlds have an impact on the physical world.
4. Negative self-talk involves demotivating concepts, while positive self-talk is motivating
and unsupporting.
5. Sappers are types of self-talk that reduce energy, self-confidence, and happiness.
6. The first and last steps of successful mental practicing involve closing your eyes.
7. Our self-talk, beliefs, and imagined experiences all influence one another in our
thought patterns.
1. How do individuals have their own unique psychological world? How do the senses
impact what an individual focuses on, thinks about, and allows entering their mind? How
does the psychological world that the individual creates impact the behaviors of that
individual?
2. Describe how the story of the Little Blue Engine exemplifies what positive self-talk is.
What is the main focus of self-talk (changing what about an individual’s thoughts and
replacing what)?
3. What are dysfunctional beliefs and assumptions, and why is the removal of these
critical for the effective self-leader? How can having positive and rational beliefs shape
the actions and effectiveness of an individual?
4. What are the specific steps of the mental practice technique, and what are the
benefits of each of these techniques?
5. What is the difference between opportunity and obstacle thinking? Which of these
approaches to thinking more aligns with the principles of self-leadership and why?
Building on this, how can self-leadership be used to create a habitual thinking pattern?