Instructor Resource
Neck, Self-leadership, 2e
1. Which of the following elements is not a key concept within the triadic reciprocal
framework from social cognitive theory?
a. person, behavior, and attitude
b. behavior, environment, and attitude
c. environment, attitude, and person
d. person, behavior, and environment
2. Rules and laws are a source of influence that comes from ______.
a. persons
b. the world
c. behavior
d. attitude
3. Examples of negative results from world influences include ______.
a. getting a ticket
b. being dismissed from a job
c. paying a fine
d. all of these
4. If our actions are strictly for our own benefit, what type of result could occur?
a. supportive environment
b. personal security
c. hostile world in the long run
d. friendly world in the long run
5. What theory suggests that there is influence amongst people, behaviors, and the
environment?
a. social cognitive theory
b. self-determination theory
c. self-regulation theory
d. social role theory
6. Which two self-influence processes make up social cognitive theory?
a. verbal persuasion and performance objections
b. self-analysis and self-leadership
c. triadic reciprocal model and self-efficacy
d. performance history and self-regularity
7. In dealing with which of the following concepts is the most workable approach for
understanding self-leadership?
a. attitudes
b. values
c. behaviors
d. beliefs
8. At which of the following levels can behaviors take place?
a. physical and mental levels
b. mental level
c. physical level
d. mental and metaphysical levels
9. Which of these examples is the best visual description for self-regulation theory?
a. a mechanical thermostat that needs adjusting to stay in a desired temperature
b. a tree that needs to be pruned to stay healthy
c. a person sitting in a hot sauna
d. an uncovered swimming pool in hot weather where the water is evaporating
10. We can lead ourselves to the most desired accomplishments by ______.
a. focusing on thinking patterns (mental)
b. focusing on physical action (behavior)
c. combining both the mental and physical level of influence
d. not focusing on either of these
11. Which of the following shows how the physical and mental level can influence
behavior?
a. physical influences mental
b. mental influence physical
c. circular process where they continuously influence each other
d. none of these
12. Mikaela Shiffrin motivated herself in the Winter Olympics through self-leadership
strategies that involved the ______ level(s) of behavior.
a. physical and psychopathic
b. mental and metaphysical
c. physical
d. physical and mental
13. A vicious cycle of influence is set into movement in A Christmas Carol for Ebenezer
Scrooge that shows how ______.
Instructor Resource
Neck, Self-leadership, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2020
a. the world influences our behaviors
b. our behaviors influence the world
c. we influence our behaviors
d. all of these are manners in which influence is present
14. Which of the following is an important finding from the field of positive psychology?
a. Happy people tend to be better employees.
b. The more people who are positive, the easier it is to go to work.
c. Knowing how positive and negative emotions work together helps us understand
people.
d. The intentional activities of people account for a person’s happiness and well-being.
15. Which of the following would be an example of how the world affects us?
a. leaving home in the winter and exposing ourselves to the cold
b. cold weather, regardless of where we are
c. a book that hasn’t been purchased to read
d. negative attitudes of coworkers that are not reciprocated
16. Individuals function within a complex system of influence that involves ______.
a. ourselves and others
b. ourselves, the world, and attitudes
c. ourselves, the world, and behaviors
d. ourselves and attitudes
17. Which of the following is a role that can present constraints on us?
a. parents and bosses
b. bosses and citizens
c. citizens and parents
d. parents, bosses, and citizens
18. Which of the following statements is true?
a. We as people, our world, and our behavior can be fully understood separately.
b. We as people and our behaviors can be fully understood separately, but our world
cannot be.
c. The world can be understood separately, but we as people and our behaviors cannot
be.
d. We as people, our world, and our behavior cannot be fully understood separately.
19. To fully understand our own self-leadership practices, we must recognize the
importance of ______.
a. what we are
b. how we think about things
c. what we are and how we think about things
d. what and who we are
20. Which of these statements are true?
a. We function within a complex system of ourselves, the world, and our behavior.
b. We are not subject to constraints if we practice self-efficacy.
c. Our choices do matter, but we cannot overcome obstacles.
d. If we have high motivation, we do not need to sacrifice to achieve our goals.
21. Self-leadership is impacted through unique tendencies in individuals by ______.
a. thinking patterns and attitudes
b. thinking patterns and physical action
c. physical action and attitudes
d. attitudes, thinking patterns, and physical action
22. Self-leadership can capitalize on the attractiveness of ______.
a. natural enjoyment
b. money
c. attitudes
d. giving other people orders
23. Which theories and perspectives have been used as conceptual foundations for
self-leadership?
a. only social cognitive theory
Instructor Resource
Neck, Self-leadership, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2020
b. social cognitive theory, positive psychology, social role theory, and self-determination
theory
c. self-regulation theory, social cognitive theory, self-management, intrinsic motivation
theory, and positive psychology
d. social cognitive theory, social role theory, self-regulation, and self-determination
theory
24. Which two self-influence processes make up social cognitive theory?
a. verbal persuasion and performance objections
b. self-analysis and self-leadership
c. triadic reciprocal model and self-efficacy
d. performance history and self-regularity
25. We make choices concerning which of the factors of the influence picture the
______.
a. world and our behaviors
b. world and our attitudes
c. world, our behaviors, and ourselves
d. world, our attitudes, and ourselves
26. The world is a product of ______.
a. the way that we see it
b. concrete sense
c. other’s thoughts
Instructor Resource
Neck, Self-leadership, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2020
d. physical barriers
27. We can choose to take an optimistic view of the world, which accomplishes ______.
a. a world that looks more positive to us and viewing constraints
b. a more enjoyable place to live
c. an ability to respond to opportunities not constraints and a world that looks negative
d. a world that looks more positive, a more enjoyable place to live, and an ability to
respond to opportunities, not constraints
28. Even in the most difficult situations, we ______.
a. are constrained completely by the environment
b. lead ourselves by the choices we make
c. have no influence on our world
d. can’t influence our own behaviors
29. We choose our own behavior even in difficult situations and if the behaviors
generally contribute to well-being of others, we may feel ______.
a. more personal security and unhappiness
b. less personal security and happiness
c. less personal security and more support from others
d. more personal security and more support from others
30. The questions How do we think about problems and How do we tend to react to
certain situations are ways to tap into ______.
a. attitudes
b. beliefs
c. behavioral tendencies
d. stress
1. The behaviors that we engage in do not impact the world, while the world shapes the
behavioral choices that are made.
2. The rewards, laws, and rules within an individual’s world dictate all of the influence
that occurs.
3. The complex chain of behavioral influence takes place due to events before behavior,
the actual behavior, and the results of the behavior take place at both physical and
mental levels of behavior.
4. Our behavioral tendencies are both physical and mental.
5. The relationship between persons, behaviors, and the world can be understood as
the separate parts.
6. The relationship between person, behavior, and world in influencing our behavior is
an additive process, not a continuous one.
7. The way that we practice self-leadership is affected by unique tendencies in terms of
thinking patterns and our physical action.
8. Individuals, even in tightly controlled situations, still have some degree of control over
their own behavior and can choose those actions.
Instructor Resource
Neck, Self-leadership, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2020
1. Describe the role that the world plays in shape individual behavioral choices.
Describe specific examples of how individual behaviors are changed by certain criteria
from the world.
2. Distinguish between behaviors that take place at the observable physical level and
behaviors that take place at the unobservable mental level. How do these different
behaviors influence one another and how do self-leadership strategies influence both
types of behavior?
3. Explain the concepts from social cognitive theory relating to the triadic reciprocal
model. How do the person, behavior, and world influence one another? Are these items
independent from one another or is there a continuous influential process ongoing?
4. How is self-leadership influenced by unique tendencies? What areas can provide
examples of unique tendencies that could influence the self-leadership process?
5. Explain how individuals are not simply helpless pawns but rather do influence their
own behavior. How is this balanced among the different internal and external influences
that may occur?