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Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
5. Cultures that place high values on ______ traits stress assertiveness, competition,
and material success.
6. In feminine cultures, the ______ has a stronger say in regards to the number of
children.
7. Feminine cultures are somewhat more frequent in ______ climates.
8. In cultures with ______ power distance, children are expected to be obedient toward
parents and people are expected to display respect for those of higher status.
9. Countries with a Germanic language (German, English, Dutch, Danish, Norwegian,
Swedish) score ______ in power distance.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. ______ refers to the extent to which people in a culture feel threatened by uncertain
or unknown situations.
11. Countries high in ______ work dynamism are Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, South
Korea, and Singapore.
12. ______ orientation encourages thrift, savings, perseverance toward results, and a
willingness to subordinate oneself for a purpose.
13. ______ is a tendency to allow relatively free gratification of basic and natural human
desires related to enjoying life and having fun.
14. ______ is mostly found in East Asia, Eastern Europe, and the Muslim world.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
Difficulty Level: Hard
15. The World Commission on Environment and Development (1987) defined ______
as “development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability
of future generations to meet their own needs.”
16. One criticism of Hofstede’s research has been that ______ are not the best units for
studying cultures.
17. In ______, 1 of the 10 richest economies in the world, its poor constitute half the
population but earn only 13% of the national income.
18. Japan is one of the most ______ countries in the world: more than 98% of its
population is Japanese.
19. In Japanese culture, ______ is the feeling of nurturing for and dependence on
another.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
20. Marcus and Gould (2000) applied the ______ dimension to website design and
found a relationship to the prominence given to countries' leaders.
Essay
1. Discuss what dimensions Hofstede identified in his several studies.
2. Discuss Hofstede’s individualism–collectivism dimension and provide examples of
individualist and collectivist cultures.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
3. Discuss the four associations related to Hofstede’s individualism–collectivism
dimension.
4. Discuss Hofstede’s masculinity–femininity dimension and provide examples of
masculine and feminine cultures.
5. Discuss the two associations related to Hofstede’s masculinity–femininity dimension.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
6. Discuss Hofstede’s power distance dimension and provide examples of high and low
power distance cultures.
7. Discuss the four associations related to Hofstede’s power distance dimension.
8. What type of country is the United States in regards to power distance? Explain.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
9. Discuss Hofstede’s uncertainty avoidance dimension and provide examples of strong
and weak uncertainty avoidance cultures.
10. Discuss the two associations related to Hofstede’s uncertainty avoidance
dimension.
11. Compare and contrast long-term and short-term orientation cultures.
12. Compare and contrast indulgence and self-restraint cultures.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
13. Relate the Environmental Sustainability Index to the Hofstede dimensions.
14. What countries score higher on the Environmental Sustainability Index? Why?
15. Discuss the similarities and differences between the Hofstede dimensions and the
Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner dimensions.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
16. Discuss the neutral versus emotional dimension as outlined by Trompenaars and
Hampden-Turner.
17. Discuss the internal direction versus outer direction dimension as outlined by
Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner.
18. What are the criticisms of Hofstede’s work? How did Hofstede respond to them?
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
19. Discuss Japan as a homogeneous culture.
20. Discuss identity aspects of Japanese cultural patterns.
