Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
Chapter 4: Nonverbal Communication
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. The belief that nonverbal communication is learned is basic to which approach to the
study of nonverbal behavior?
A. formative
B. functional
C. nature
D. nurture
2. The approach that focuses on the types of nonverbal behaviors is ______.
A. formative
B. functional
C. nature
D. nurture
3. Researchers found evidence for how many universal nonverbal expressions?
A. two
B. seven
C. three
D. five
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
4. Which expressions are easier to discern than other universal expressions?
A. envy and sadness
B. happiness and surprise
C. anger and disgust
D. fear and contempt
5. Touch used instead of saying “I love you” exemplifies which function of the nonverbal
communication?
A. sending uncomfortable messages
B. making relationships clear
C. regulating interaction
D. replacing spoken messages
6. ______ are sometimes arbitrary in character, sometimes based on a real or fancied
analogy, and usually simpler than symbols.
A. Signs
B. Symbols
C. Markers
D. Words
7. Which of the following is the study of our use of personal space?
A. haptics
B. kinesics
C. olfactics
D. proxemics
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
8. Which of the following refers to gestures, body movements, facial expressions, and
eye contact?
A. haptics
B. kinesics
C. olfactics
D. proxemics
9. Which of the following refers to the study of our use of touch to communicate?
A. chronemics
B. haptics
C. kinesics
D. olfactics
10. The study of communication by smell is known as ______.
A. chronemics
B. haptics
C. oculesics
D. olfactics
11. Marla arrives at 5:30 for a 6:00 dinner at Jaime’s house because in her culture it is
the norm to arrive one-half hour early. This is an instance of transmitting information
nonverbally through ______.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
A. chronemics
B. haptics
C. oculesics
D. olfactics
12. Selma and Nathan stand very close to each other outside the classroom, but in the
classroom they remain several feet from each other. This is an instance of transmitting
information nonverbally through ______.
A. haptics
B. kinesics
C. olfactics
D. proxemics
13. Intensity (loud/soft), pitch (high/low), and extent (drawl and clipping) are all ______.
A. vocal qualifiers
B. audio qualifiers
C. vocal markers
D. audio markers
14. Which early culture established that a year was 365.24 days long?
A. Egyptian
B. Maya
C. Roman
D. Sumerian
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
15. Messages conveyed through objects or arrangements of objects made by human
hands are ______.
A. haptics
B. kinesics
C. olfactics
D. artifactual communication
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. A gesture, such as a wave, is included in the study of ______.
A. haptics
B. kinesics
C. olfactics
D. artifactual communication
17. Vocal qualifiers and segregates are part of ______.
A. silence
B. paralanguage
C. proxemics
D. haptics
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
18. An example of a tonal language in which the denotative meaning of some words
depends on the context and how the word is said is ______.
A. Australian English
B. German
C. Malay
D. Vietnamese
19. In Fragante v. City and County of Honolulu, the Supreme Court let stand a federal
appeals court decision supporting an employee’s termination based on ______.
A. a heavy accent
B. physical appearance
C. use of personal space
D. use of time
20. Which of the following is a characteristics of the wai gesture?
A. It is a learned behavior in France.
B. It is a learned behavior in Nigeria.
C. It is used to pay homage to Confucius.
D. It varies by the degree of deference that is called for.
True/False
1. Misinterpretations of nonverbal communication is a major barrier to intercultural
communication.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
2. Scholars from the nature approach believe nonverbal behavior is genetically
determined.
3. There are no nonverbal cues generally recognized across cultures.
4. Charles Darwin argued that some nonverbal cues are biologically determined.
5. Sadness is one of the universal forms of nonverbal expression.
6. Even if a smile is universally recognized as a sign of friendliness, it has other
meanings specific to a culture.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
7. The white AIDS ribbon became one of the most recognized symbols worldwide.
8. According to Mehrabian, in the United States, status manifests itself by a relaxed
posture.
9. Smell remains one of the least understood senses.
10. In intercultural interactions, we are less likely to recognize how nonverbal symbols
are different than how languages are different.
11. Edward Hall argued that standing in lines is more likely to be found in cultures
where people are treated as equals.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
12. The calendar in use today, the Gregorian calendar, dates back to 1582.
13. In Asia, silence has generally been considered socially disagreeable.
14. In the United States, contextual factors are critical to understanding the symbolic
content of touching.
15. In all cultures, women can detect odors in lower concentrations, identify them more
accurately, and remember them longer than men.
16. A French parliamentary committee found that Muslim women’s covering of their
faces was against the French republican principles of secularism and equality.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. A home with good feng shui manipulates design and furniture to establish positive
energy and balance.
18. The wai is a Thai nonverbal gesture accompanied with verbal greetings.
19. Subcultures tend to have similar nonverbal messages, as long as they are a part of
the same dominant culture.
20. Burgoon contends that some nonverbal communication, even in the same culture, is
so ambiguous that its interpretation is mediated by context.
Short Answer
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
1. Researchers from the ______ approach (anthropologists, sociologists) believe that
nonverbal communication is learned.
2. ______ stated that our facial expressions, such as smiles and frowns, are not learned
but biologically determined.
3. Happiness and ______ are easier to discern than other nonverbal behaviors.
4. Nonverbal communication can be narrowly defined to include only intentional use or
broadly defined to also include elements of the ______.
5. Directing turn taking in a conversation is an example of using nonverbals to ______
interaction.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
6. In situations in which words cannot be used, nonverbal are used to ______ spoken
messages.
7. The term given to the study of our use of personal space is ______.
8. Gestures, body movements, facial expressions, and eye contact are behaviors
termed ______.
9. Many American-Indian people understand time to be ______.
10. Western cultures tend to think of time in a ______ sense.
11. According to Hall, using time by doing one thing at a time is known as ______ time.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
12. According to Hall, doing many things at once is known as ______ time.
13. The nonverbal elements of the voice are referred to as ______.
14. In ______, on the individual level, silence can be viewed as a state of being.
15. The study of our use of touch to communicate is known as ______.
16. The space that an individual claims, whether permanently or temporarily, is referred
to as ______.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
17. Chinese geomancy, ______, is the art of manipulating the physical environment to
establish harmony with the natural environment.
18. ______ communication refers to how we decorate our homes.
19. A form of artifactual communication, Muslim women may wear several different
types of headscarves and veils generally referred to as ______.
20. A study of university students in the United States showed that ______ can be used
to communicate playful aggression, sexual interest or intent, or support.
Essay
1. Define nonverbal communication.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
2. List and briefly describe nonverbal communication as well as the three major
approaches to the study of nonverbal communication.
3. List the seven universally recognized facial expressions according to research by
Ekman and colleagues.
4. Identify, with intercultural examples, three of the six functions performed by nonverbal
communication.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
5. Give examples of internationally recognized and understood signs and symbols.
6. How does nonverbal communication affect the success of intercultural
communication?
7. Define and give examples of how proxemics are used differently in different cultures.
8. Define and give examples of how kinesics are used differently in different cultures.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
9. Define and give examples of how chronemics are used differently in different
cultures.
10. Define and give examples of how paralanguage is used differently in different
cultures.
11. Define and give examples of how silence is used differently in different cultures.
12. Define and give examples of how haptics are used differently in different cultures.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
13. Define and give examples of how artifactual communication is used differently in
different cultures.
14. Define and give examples of how territoriality is used differently in different cultures.
15. Define and give examples of how olfactics are used differently in different cultures.
16. Create a hypothetic example where monochromic and polychromic time use created
barriers in intercultural communication.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
17. Outline and evaluate the possible arguments in the Fragante v. City and County of
Honolulu case.
18. How is the wai gesture related to and consistent with other aspects of Thai culture?
19. Use the example of Korean storekeepers and African American customers to
identify nonverbal misunderstandings.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
20. Pick one function of nonverbal communication, and describe how it affects day-to–
day life as we communicate interculturally.