Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
Chapter 13: Contact Between Cultures
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. For thousands of years, humans lived in ______ communities.
A. interconnected
B. global
C. national
D. isolated
2. The space in which geographically and historically separated peoples come into
contact with each other and establish ongoing relations is a ______.
A. culture
B. contact zone
C. subculture
D. subgroup
3. Between the 16th and the 19th centuries in the Euro–American cultures, peoples from
other lands were ______.
A. devalued
B. admired
C. mediatized
D. integrated
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
4. How did Captain James Cook describe the natives when he arrived on Hawaii in
1778?
A. wise
B. intriguing
C. savages
D. friendly
5. Said describes the process of labeling non–Western cultures as “underdeveloped” as
______.
A. diffusion
B. discursive imperialism
C. hegemony
D. Orientalism
6. Captain Arthur Phillip who arrived in Australia in 1788 had the view of the colonists as
______ of the indigenous inhabitants.
A. guests
B. enemies
C. friends
D. masters
7. An example of adopting new practices during cultural exchange is ______.
A. Captain Cook’s voyage to Hawaii
B. Captain Arthur Phillip’s voyage to Australia
C. Columbus’ voyages to the New World
D. none of these
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
8. The process by which innovations are spread to members of a social system is
known as ______.
A. adaptation
B. diffusion
C. opinion leadership
D. redemptive analogy
9. Individuals who are able to informally influence other individuals’ attitudes or overt
behavior in a desired way with relative frequency are ______.
A. change agents
B. early adopters
C. innovators
D. opinion leaders
10. Individuals who influence innovation decisions in a direction deemed desirable by a
change agency are ______.
A. change agents
B. early adopters
C. innovators
D. opinion leaders
11. An ethical consideration in introducing innovations into cultures deals with ______.
A. antiquarian virtuosity
B. cost
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
C. religion
D. unanticipated consequences
12. Rogers moved away from the diffusion model to what he called the ______ model.
A. convergence
B. participatory
C. innovation
D. none of these
13. The Japanese concept of quality circles is largely derived from whose lectures in
Japan?
A. W. Edward Deming
B. Michael Leahy
C. General Douglas MacArthur
D. Everett M. Rogers
14. Which of the following is a cultural icon?
A. an artifact
B. a special symbol that tends to be idolized in a culture
C. an object less widely recognized
D. an ordinary object
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
15. An ______ is an object less widely recognized.
A. example
B. icon
C. artifact
D. item
16. The most widely recognized U.S. icon worldwide is ______.
A. Coca-Cola
B. Disney
C. McDonald’s
D. Nike
17. The fear of the predominant influence that one culture can develop over another is
______.
A. colonialism
B. cultural hegemony
C. cultural dependency
D. imperialism
18. Which of the following is one of Ritzer‘s principles of the “McDonaldization of
society”?
A. change
B. spontaneity
C. qualification
D. efficiency
communication.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. Ritzer’s critique of the efficiency model originating in U.S. corporations is a critique
of ______.
A. the McDonaldization of society
B. the Disneyfication of culture
C. standardization
D. the U.S. Spam food
True/False
1. The initiation of contact among previously separated cultures has been the major
world event of past centuries.
2. The contact zone is a space in which geographically and historically separated
peoples come into contact with each other and establish ongoing relations.
3. At the time of Columbus, Spain debated the rationality of the Indians.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
4. European explorers labeled Hawaiians savages.
5. Discursive imperialism is the process by which innovations are spread to members of
a culture.
6. Cultural studies focus on the ways culture is formed through struggles among
ideologies.
7. To be considered a global brand, the brand must carry the same brand name or logo
worldwide.
8. Schiller argues that the unrestricted flow of media from the United States
surreptitiously affects other people’s goals and aspirations.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
9. Hegemony refers to special symbols that tend to be idolized in a culture.
10. McDonald’s is the most widely recognized U.S. icon worldwide.
11. Mecca-Cola represents pro-American feelings by imitating the taste of Coca-Cola.
12. Coca-Cola has met resistance as a new form of colonialism.
13. Euro Disney was initially successful because it faithfully duplicated the original
Disneyland.
14. Political scientist Daniel Lerner proposed that media help transition from a traditional
to a modernized country.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
15. In the diffusion model, a change agent is the individual able to influence informally
other individuals’ attitudes or overt behavior in a desired way.
16. Dr. Deming’s reputation in the United States contributed to his success in Japan.
17. In the convergence model, information is shared by individuals who converge over
time toward a greater degree of mutual agreement.
18. Advertising in Spain reflects the country’s masculinity and individualism cultural
dimensions.
19. Gerber Products discovered that food tastes and baby-feeding practices vary little
from country to country.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
Short Answer
1. The dehumanization of Hawaiians into “others” contributed to the near ______ of
Hawaiian culture.
2. ______ refers to an individual’s possible success in adapting to a new culture.
3. Throughout history, ideas and technology have ______ from one culture to another.
4. Cultural exchanges have had the intent to help develop the country or ______ for the
purpose of economic gain.
5. Some argue that the cultural ______ of colonialism continues in many ways today.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
6. The Niger delta in ______ is the world capital of oil pollution.
7. A group of 3–10 employees who meet on the job to discuss and solve quality
problems is called a ______.
8. In the ______ model, communication is defined as a process in which information is
shared by two or more individuals who converge over time toward a greater degree of
mutual agreement.
9. ______ communication has been focused on such issues as agricultural practices,
family planning, and infant health.
10. According to the ______ model, knowledge leads to a change in attitudes, which in
turn leads to practice.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
11. ______ are individuals who are able to influence informally other individuals’
attitudes or overt behavior in a desired way with relative frequency.
12. A ______ is a person who influences innovation decisions in a direction deemed
desirable by a change agency.
13. Adoption categories in the diffusion model include ______, early adopters, early
majority, late majority, and laggards.
14. An ______ is a special symbol that tends to be idolized in a culture.
15. The world’s most powerful brand name in 2010 was ______.
16. In 2004, one billion servings of the Japanese icon ______ were sold in Mexico.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
17. The soft drink ______ is marketed as a protest to U.S. foreign policy in more than
60 countries.
18. In 2016, Disney opened a new park in ______.
19. ______ is the most recognizable international icon of any kind in China.
20. De Mooij argues that advertising in Taiwan reflects ______ values.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
1. Discuss the history of cultural contact.
2. Discuss and give examples of colonialism.
Ans: Varies, but should include a basic discussion of the colonization that occurred as
3. Define and briefly discuss the term contact zone as it relates to intercultural
communication.
4. Give examples of cultural imperialism today.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. Define and discuss orientalism.
6. Define development communication and discuss topic areas where it has been
focused.
Ans: Varies, but should include the basic definition of development communication as
7. Describe the characteristics of innovators.
Ans: Varies, but should discuss innovators as those likely to have early success in
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
8. How can diffusion result in positive and negative consequences?
Ans: Varies. The introduction or rejection of an innovation has consequences for a
9. Define the diffusion model, quality circles as an example of the diffusion model, and
alternatives proposed to the diffusion model.
Ans: Varies, but should include the basic definition of the diffusion model as KAP:
Knowledge, which leads to a change in attitudes, which in turn leads to practice.
Further, students should explain what quality circles are and how they spread. The
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
10. Give examples of cultures’ borrowing and adapting new ideas or technology.
11. Discuss Paulo Freire’s ideas related to the participatory model.
12. Define cultural icons, give examples of U.S. cultural icons, and discuss the
successful marketing of U.S. cultural icons.
Ans: Varies, but should include components of the following: Products can carry cultural
13. Compare and contrast cultural hegemony and cultural dependency.
Jandt, An Introduction to Intercultural Communication 9e
SAGE Publications, 2018
14. Outline Ritzer’s cultural critique of McDonaldization.
15. Discuss ways to adapt a message to a receiving culture.
16. Discuss the relation of advertising styles to Hofstede’s dimensions.
Ans: Varies, but should include components of the following: De Mooij (2014) has