Instructor Resource
Thomas/Peterson, Cross-Cultural Management, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
Test Bank
Chapter 11: The Challenge of Managing Across Cultures in the Future
Multiple Choice
1. ______ is characterized by growing worldwide connections between organizations and their various
constituencies, by rapid and discontinuous change, by growing numbers and diversity of actors involved
in global activities, and by greater managerial complexity.
A. Globalization
B. Complexity
C. Technology
D. Transition
2. ______ issues arise from policies that favor the migration of skilled workers.
A. Technology
B. Irreversible process
C. Brain drain
D. Constituency
3. Acme Global expanded its staffing strategy to have work done in a foreign country because it needed
access to skills not available in the local labor pool. In other words, Acme Global used ______.
A. global staffing
B. sourcing
C. boundaryless staffing
D. outsourcing
4. Megan moved from China to the United States to work and pursue citizenship. Megan’s economic
migration would fall into the ______ category.
A. constituency
B. traditional
C. parallel
D. uneven
5. As the post 2008 global financial crisis worsened, many Eastern Europeans who had migrated to their
more advanced EU neighbors after the EU enlargement in the early 2000s began to return to their home
countries. This return is an example of ______ economic migration.
A. reverse
B. traditional
C. transitional
D. uneven
6. Which of the following is NOT one of the outcomes of job migration and the growing need for
knowledge workers?
A. Increased the numbers of women in the workforce
B. Increased average age of workers
C. Increased demand for people with higher levels of education
D. Decreased cultural diversity in multinational organizations
7. According to the book, the failure of state socialism has left only one viable economic ideology:
______.
A. marketization
B. communism
C. capitalism
D. planned economy
8. Countries undergoing marketization that all had been called transition economies in the late 1980s
and 1990s have diverged from one another quite substantially but all contain some vestiges of ______.
A. state socialism
B. capitalism
C. economic transition
D. marketization
9. At the individual level, managers in transition economies are likely to have varying degrees of
management education and a cultural profile characterized by ______.
A. capitalism
B. state socialism
C. cultural diversity
D. vertical collectivism
10. Information and communication technologies involve two main activities: processing information
and ______ from one location to another.
A. dividing it
B. transmitting it
C. developing it
D. mechanizing it
11. Information and communication technologies involve two main activities: ______ and transmitting it
from one location to another.
A. identifying
B. socializing
C. globalizing
D. processing information
12. A ______ separates those who are connected to the digital revolution in information and
communications technology and those who have no access to the benefits of the new technologies.
A. digital divide
B. strategic advantage
C. free flow
D. source of power
13. ______ can become an equalizer by providing ready access to knowledge and may also have an
effect on work opportunities.
A. In-demand jobs
Instructor Resource
Thomas/Peterson, Cross-Cultural Management, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
B. Strategic advantage
C. Information technology
D. Source of power
14. ______ could be the answer to organizations trying to come to terms with so called “big data.”
A. Digital divide
B. Global identity
C. Artificial intelligence
D. Free flow
15. ______ in most industrialized countries means a reduction in the indigenous labor supply and an
aging workforce.
A. Social interaction
B. Multinational-ness
C. unique constructs
D. population decline
16. The ______ includes natural resources as air and water as well as such things as the atmosphere,
space, and even the Internet.
A. global commons
B. functional relationship
C. organizational complexity
D. cultural environment
17. The ______ that accompanies economic development increases the world’s prosperity but also
increases the potential for ecological disruption.
A. diffusion
B. industrialization
C. hybridization
D. transition
18. ______ management involves the interaction of culturally different people in the context of
organizations.
A. Transitional
B. Contextual
C. Free market
D. Cross-cultural
19. Which of the following is NOT one of the three ways the multinational organization provides a
context that can have a unique effect?
A. Frequency of occurrence
B. Management contacts
C. Functional relationships
D. Unique constructs
20. The ______ is one way “multinational–ness” of the organizational context affects management over
and above what happens in a purely domestic context. It involves extremes that occur in a management
factor which makes its relationship with other factors more obvious in the multinational organization
than in purely domestic organizations (e.g., a manager’s ties to the local environment).
A. frequency of occurrence
B. management contacts
C. functional relationships
D. unique constructs
21. The ______ is one way “multinational-ness” of the organizational context affects management over
and above what happens in a purely domestic context. It produces a moderator effect in the
relationships between management activities (e.g., the moderating effect of cultural differences on the
transfer of knowledge).
A. frequency of occurrence
B. management contacts
C. functional relationships
D. unique constructs
22. The ______ is one way “multinational–ness” of the organizational context affects management over
and above what happens in a purely domestic context. It involves something unusual or unique about
the multinational organizational context produces differences in a known management issue (e.g.,
global virtual teams).
A. frequency of occurrence
B. management contacts
C. functional relationships
D. unique constructs
23. ______ can reinforce hierarchical organization by making it easier for headquarters managers to
learn quickly about performance problems of far flung operations and to just as quickly attempt to
intervene. It can also reinforce flatter organizations by making it more convenient to delegate decision
making at all organizational levels.
A. Diffusion
B. Hybridization
C. Information technology
D. Recontextualization
24. When knowledge transferred through a multinational organization takes on a new meaning as it
moves from one sociocultural context to another, it is said to be ______.
A. hybridized
B. recontextualized
C. contextualized
D. diffused
25. Reasons for nonstandard foreign assignments such as commuting overseas, rotational assignments,
and contractual short-term postings include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. cost reduction
B. employee immobility
C. advances in communication technology
D. tax incentives
26. Which of the following is NOT one of ways in which the characteristics of the international manager
are changing?
A. The number of expatriate assignment failures is increasing
B. The number of women on overseas assignment has been slowly increasing
C. The number of dual-career partnerships is increasing
D. The number of international managers from places other than the United States and Western Europe
is increasing
27. Interacting effectively with people from other cultures and behaving appropriately in a culturally
novel context are indications of the cross-cultural skills and abilities needed by global managers.
The characteristics of effective intercultural interaction in a management context include all of the
following EXCEPT:
A. good personal adjustment, indicated by feelings of contentment and well-being
B. development and maintenance of good interpersonal relationships with culturally different others
C. mastery of the foreign culture
D. the effective completion of task-related goals.
28. Training for cross-cultural effectiveness has shifted from a focus on ______ skills to ______ skills.
A. general; specific
B. specific; culture-general
C. cognitive; awareness
D. awareness; cognitive
29. ______ have a more than one pattern of identification, not with regard to different organizational
units, as discussed previously, but with different cultures. Multicultural individuals have a simultaneous
awareness of being a member of (and sometimes an alien in) two cultures.
A. Multiculturals
B. Monoculturals
C. Cognitives
D. Complexities
Instructor Resource
Thomas/Peterson, Cross-Cultural Management, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
True or False
1. Globalization is characterized by growing worldwide connections between organizations and their
various constituencies, by rapid and discontinuous change, by growing numbers and diversity of actors
involved in global activities, and by greater managerial complexity.
2. One of the most significant effects of the uneven economic development around the globe from a
cross-cultural management perspective has to do with the impact on the labor pool.
3. As transition economies grow in importance, managers in multinational organizations will need to
understand the legacy of state socialism that influences both organizations and managers.
4. Information and communication technologies involve two main activities: searching for information
and processing information.
5. There will be decreasing pressure on the international manager of the future to be environmentally
responsible.
6. The characteristics of effective intercultural interaction in a management context can be summarized
as good personal adjustment, development, and maintenance of good interpersonal relationships with
culturally different others, and the effective completion of task-related goals.
Instructor Resource
Thomas/Peterson, Cross-Cultural Management, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
Completion (Fill in the Blank)
1. ______ is characterized by growing worldwide connections between organizations and their various
constituencies, by rapid and discontinuous change, by growing numbers and diversity of actors involved
in global activities, and by greater managerial complexity.
2. ______ economic migration involves migrants returning to their country of origin.
3. At the individual level, managers in transition economies are likely to have varying degrees of
management education and a cultural profile characterized by ______.
4. The ______ include natural resources as air and water as well as such things as the atmosphere,
space, and even the Internet.
5. ______ have a more than one pattern of identification, not with regard to different organizational
units, as discussed previously, but with different cultures. Multicultural individuals have a simultaneous
awareness of being a member of (and sometimes an alien in) two cultures.
Essay
1. How is uneven economic development likely to affect international management?
Ans: The uneven economic development around the globe, as evidenced by the range in gross domestic
product per capita and the Human Development Index, has numerous implications for policy makers
Instructor Resource
Thomas/Peterson, Cross-Cultural Management, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
2. What is the impact for international managers of multinational organizations of the fall of state
socialism?
Ans: The fall of state socialism had a ripple effect that was felt in the huge populations of China and the
developing world. As these transition economies grow in importance on the global stage, multinational
organizations and their managers will be confronted with the need to understand the legacy of state
socialism that influences both organizations and managers.
3. Describe the implications of the rapid advancements in information and communications technology.
Ans: Information and communication technologies involve two main activities: processing information
(e.g., storing, searching, and reproducing) and transmitting it from one location (or entity) to another.
There remains a digital divide that separates those who are connected to the digital revolution in
4. How does a concern for the natural environment affect cross-cultural management?
Instructor Resource
Thomas/Peterson, Cross-Cultural Management, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
consumption patterns of the developed world. But also, the lifestyles in the rich nations of the world will