Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction: The Challenging Role of the Global Manager
Multiple Choice
1. ______ involves the representation of the world as a single place, the intersecting of the interests of
business, and society or an increase in the impact of forces that span national boundaries.
A. Culture
B. Environment
C. Globalization
D. Interconnections
2. The ______ among countries were dramatically increased with the advent of free trade areas in the
1990s.
A. multinational corporations
B. economic interconnections
C. organizational boundaries
D. economic turmoil
3. In ______, production, sales and marketing, and distribution might all be located in different countries
to capitalize on certain location-specific advantages.
A. economic interconnections
B. organizational boundaries
C. economic turmoil
D. multinational corporations
4. All of the following are changes that affect the stability of the work environment within organizations
EXCEPT:
A. downsizing
B. privatization
C. economic interconnections
D. team-based management
5. ______ enables formerly government-controlled enterprises to be available for purchase by foreign
firms, thus reducing boundaries.
A. Privatization
B. Team-based management
C. Downsizing
D. Productivity
6. Organizations around the globe are increasingly looking toward the formation of teams of workers as
a solution to ______ problems.
A. team-based management
B. productivity
C. privatization
D. downsizing
7. Dramatic advances in ______ might be the most significant force toward globalization.
A. productivity
B. international migration
C. privatization
D. information technology
8. ______ has facilitated the entry of small business into the international arena.
A. Trade liberalization
B. Globalization
C. Technology
D. Telecommunications
9. One key result of ______ is that global managers face an external environment far more complex,
more dynamic, more uncertain, and more competitive than ever before.
A. team-based management
B. telecommunications
C. trade liberalization
D. globalization
10. All of the following are elements of the global manager’s environment EXCEPT:
A. cultural
B. economic
C. legal
D. conceptual
11. ______ are the structures and processes by which a nation integrates the parts of society into a
functioning unit.
A. Political systems
B. Legal systems
C. Economic systems
D. Interpersonal interactions
12. Unlike the largely observable aspects of economic, legal, and political aspects, ______ is largely
invisible in the context of international management.
A. boundaries
B. society
C. culture
D. globalization
13. ______ set members include colleagues, superiors, and subordinates, as well as staff departments,
internal and external consultants, and sometimes even friends and family members.
A. Economic
B. Role
C. Political
D. Technical
14. Sophia seeks to learn both the explicit organizational rules and procedures of her organization and
the implicit rules about “how we do things around here.” Sophia seeks to understand the organization’s
______.
A. role set
B. society
C. norms
D. law
15. ______ and norms provide sources of ideas, principles, and other ways of thinking that managers
use to guide their understanding of the events, issues, and problems in the workplace.
A. Society
B. Laws
C. Procedures
D. Role set members
16. ______ affects the roles and behavior of managers indirectly, such as in the choice of informational,
interpersonal, or decisional roles as well as on sources of guidance.
A. Economic connectedness
B. Guidance
C. Technology
D. Culture
17. Much of contemporary management knowledge was defined in the ______ following World War II.
A. Japan
B. Germany
C. Great Britain
D. United States
18. All of the following aspects of the U.S. perspective limit the ability of U.S. management theories to
explain organizational phenomenon in cultures with contrasting orientations EXCEPT:
A. free will beliefs
B. low-context communication
C. teamwork
D. extreme individualism
19. Ryan designed and conducted within the Netherlands without regard for the boundary conditions
set by the cultural orientation of the country. Ryan’s research would be described as ______.
A. replication
B. comparative
C. domestic
D. international
20. Emily is trying to repeat some research that was done in the United States with a sample from
Portugal. Emily’s research would be described as ______.
A. comparative
B. indigenous
C. intercultural
D. replication
21. ______ research focuses on the different and varied ways in which managers behave and
organizations are run in a specific cultural setting in a way that highlights something that is expected to
be unique.
A. Indigenous
B. Intercultural
C. Replication
D. International
22. ______ research seeks to find both the similarities and differences that exist across cultures
regarding a particular management issue.
A. International
B. Comparative
C. Intercultural
D. Indigenous
23. ______ research captures those studies that focus attention on the multinational enterprise.
A. Replication
B. Intercultural
C. International
D. Comparative
24. ______ research seeks to understand the interactions between culturally different individuals in
organizational settings.
A. Indigenous
B. International
C. Comparative
D. Intercultural
25. ______ is established at three key points in research: the conceptualization of the theoretical
constructs, the study design, and the data analysis.
A. Cross-cultural equivalence
B. Nonequivalence
C. Method equivalence
D. Quantitative method
26. ______ equivalence relates to the extent to which concepts have the same meaning in different
countries.
A. Sampling
B. Qualitative method
C. Extremity
D. Conceptual or construct
27. Aiden is concerned about similarities and differences in the way cultural groups in his study will
respond to measurement instruments. Aiden’s concerns relate to ______.
A. qualitative method
B. method equivalence
C. cross-cultural equivalence
D. nonequivalence
28. Ethan noticed that different cultural groups seem to systematically choose the extreme points or the
middle points on the rating scales in his research. Ethan is noticing ______ bias.
A. method equivalence
B. extremity
C. sampling
D. quantitative method
29. ______ is the extent that questions in a survey have similar measurement properties across different
groups.
A. Metric equivalence
B. Cross-cultural equivalence
C. Extremity
D. Method equivalence
30. ______ in survey questions can result from poor item translation, complex wording, and culture-
specific phrasing.
A. Sampling
B. Nonequivalence
C. Quantitative method
D. Cross-cultural equivalence
31. ______ uses a small number of participants in research who accurately represent a larger
identifiable population.
A. Method equivalence
B. Extremity
C. Sampling
D. Nonequivalence
32. In cross-cultural research, the most common method of quantitative data collection is ______.
A. questionnaires
B. interviews
C. phone calls
D. observation
33. In cross-cultural research, the most common qualitative method of data collection is ______.
A. questionnaires
B. interviews
C. phone calls
D. observation
34. Jayden’s research of management practices in Finland has been criticized for ignoring culture and
assuming that conclusions from his domestic research will be universal. It appears that Jayden’s
research suffers from the common critique of international and cross-cultural research of ______.
A. assuming country homogeneity
B. lack of relevance
C. reliance on a single method
D. parochialism
35. Madelyn’s study of management practices in Brazil has been criticized for not documenting known
within-nation subcultures. It appears that Madelyn’s research suffers from the common critique of
international and cross-cultural research of ______.
A. reliance on a single method
B. parochialism
C. assuming country homogeneity
D. lack of relevance
36. Caleb is concerned that the research he conducts on business practices in the United States will be
not viewed as important in other countries reflects the common critique of international and cross-
cultural research of ______.
A. lack of relevance
B. assuming country homogeneity
C. parochialism
D. reliance on a single method
37. Mason’s research on business practices in Cyprus has been criticized for relying on responses to
questionnaires gathered at a single point in time. It appears that Mason’s research suffers from the
common critique of international and cross-cultural research of ______.
A. assuming country homogeneity
B. parochialism
C. lack of relevance
D. reliance on a single method
True or False
1. Cross-cultural interaction has been described as the manifestation of the world as a single place and
the overlapping of the interests of business and society.
2. The economic interconnections among countries were dramatically increased with the advent of free-
trade areas in the 1980s creating a greater degree of interconnectedness among the world’s economies.
3. Changes that affect the stability of the work environment within organizations result from downsizing,
privatization, international migration, and team-based management.
4. Privatization might be the most significant force toward globalization.
5. The elements of the global manager’s environment can be divided into four categories: economic,
legal, political, and cultural.
6. Management scholars’ reliance on theory and findings from the United States is not the result of an
inherent belief in the superiority of U.S. management.
7. Many of the limitations of the research about managing across cultures are being remedied as
Completion (Fill in the Blank)
1. The most significant force toward globalization, the one with the most potential to shape the
international management landscape, might be the dramatic advances in ______.
2. The international activities of those engaging in transnational crime and terrorism overlap. However,
their primary motives are different. The primary motive of those engaged in transnational crime is
financial. The primary motive of those engaged in terrorism is ______.
3. The elements of the global manager’s environment can be divided into four categories: economic,
legal, political, and ______.
4. Managers rely on other people, their ______, and norms in order to understand how to carry out
their job.
5. ______ include explicit organizational rules and procedures as well as governmental laws, and also
implicit norms about “how we do things around here” that are well known and typically followed in an
organization or society.
6. ______ research seeks to find both the similarities and differences that exist across cultures regarding
a particular management issue.
7. ______ research captures those studies that focus attention on the multinational enterprise.
8. ______ research seeks to understand the interactions between culturally different individuals in
organizational settings.
9. ______ research attempts to replicate research results first found in one country, typically the United
States, by repeating the research in other countries.
10. ______ equivalence relates to similarities and differences in the way to which the cultural groups
being studied respond to measurement instruments in general.
11. ______ bias has to do with the extent to which cultural groups systematically choose the extreme
points or the middle points on rating scales.
Essay
1. Describe the four categories of change that illustrate the changes in the world that are driving
globalization.
Ans:
1. Growing economic interconnectedness
2. What are the three particularly pervasive aspects of the U.S. perspective that limit the ability of U.S.
management theories to explain organizational phenomenon in cultures with contrasting orientations?
Ans:
1. Extreme individualism.
3. Select three types of international management research from the list. Compare and contrast the
cultural assumptions of the different types: domestic, replication, indigenous, comparative,
international, and intercultural.
Ans:
Domestic research is designed and conducted within a single country without regard for the
boundary conditions set by the cultural orientation of the country. Assumptions: Culture is
ignored, or universality of theory is assumed.
4. Chapter 1 discusses eight critiques of international and cross-cultural research. Describe four of them.
Ans:
1. Questionable theoretical base: some critics argue that cross-cultural studies rely too much on
a small set of dimensions without capturing a broad view or accounting for variations within a
culture. Additionally, cross-cultural studies may emphasize differences among nations rather
than testing theories within a cross-cultural context.
7. Reliance on a single organizational level: Researchers’ samples typically look only at
managers or skilled workers, rather than looking at multiple levels within an organizational
hierarchy.