Chapter 13: Advanced Switching Concepts
TRUE/FALSE
1. Physical path loops help improve a network’s fault tolerance; if one path fails, another is available.
2. RSTP isn’t backward-compatible to 802.1d, so you cannot take advantage of its additional features
unless it is running throughout your network.
3. A VLAN may affect layer 3 logical addressing.
4. VLANs can be configured by network administrators to allow membership only for certain devices.
5. You can configure a name for each port on a switch.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The specification for STP is IEEE ____.
a.
802.1d
c.
802.1p
b.
802.1e
d.
802.1q
2. Bridges use STP to transfer the information about each bridge’s MAC address and priority number.
The messages the devices send to one another are called ____.
a.
STPDU
c.
BPDU
b.
CBU
d.
CBDU
3. The BPDU messages are sent between the root bridge and the best ports on the other devices, which
are called ____.
a.
bridge ports
c.
BDU ports
b.
root ports
d.
CBDPU ports
4. During the ____ state, STP devices are configured to receive only the BPDUs that inform them of
network status.
a.
learning
c.
forwarding
b.
blocking
d.
listening
5. By default, every port on a switch is in VLAN 1. This is the ____ VLAN.
a.
root
c.
management
b.
domain
d.
switch
6. ____ VLANs are configured port-by-port, with each port being associated with a particular VLAN.
a.
Dynamic
c.
virtual
b.
physical
d.
Static
7. ____ VLAN ports can automatically determine their VLAN configuration.
a.
Static
c.
Physical
b.
Dynamic
d.
Virtual
8. The ____ VLAN uses a software database of MAC address-to-VLAN mappings that is created
manually.
a.
dynamic
c.
static
b.
virtual
d.
physical
9. The IEEE 802.1q specification that defines VLANs recommends frame ____ (also known as frame
identification).
a.
filtering
c.
switching
b.
routing
d.
tagging
10. The two most common types of frame tagging (encapsulation) are 802.1q and ____ protocol.
a.
ISL
c.
FDDI
b.
LANE
d.
VLP
11. You can use the ____ command to gather information about a specific VLAN (instead of listing all
VLANs).
a.
cfg vlan [#] –status
c.
sw vlan [#]
b.
show vlan [#]
d.
vlan member [#]
12. ____ links are switch-to-switch or switch-to-router links that can carry traffic from multiple VLANs.
a.
Static
c.
Trunk
b.
Dynamic
d.
Access
13. ____ links are links to non-VLAN-aware devices such as hubs and individual workstations.
a.
Access
c.
Dynamic
b.
Trunk
d.
Static
14. ____ is a layer 2 messaging protocol that manages all the changes to the VLANs across networks.
a.
LANE
c.
VTP
b.
FDDI
d.
ISL
15. Switches default to VTP ____ mode, which means that they can add, rename, and delete VLANs and
propagate those changes to the rest of the VTP devices.
a.
client
c.
transparent
b.
server
d.
forwarding
16. When a device is placed in VTP ____ mode, it is not allowed to make changes to the VLAN structure,
but it can receive, interpret, and propagate changes.
a.
transparent
c.
server
b.
forwarding
d.
client
17. VTP ____ mode means that a device is not participating in VTP communications, other than to
forward that information through its configured trunk links.
a.
forwarding
c.
transparent
b.
server
d.
client
18. The VTP ____ option reduces the number of VTP updates that traverse a link.
a.
transparent
c.
server
b.
client
d.
pruning
19. Routers can implement ____, which increase inter-VLAN security.
a.
pruning
c.
trunking
b.
access lists
d.
ILS
20. ____ is the process of using either ISL or 802.1q to allow multiple VLAN traffic on the same link.
a.
Trunking
c.
Forwarding
b.
Access list
d.
Pruning
21. ____ means the process of pushing all the inter-VLAN traffic out a single switch port to the router and
then having the traffic routed back to the same switch port to the destination VLAN.
a.
Pruning
c.
Framing
b.
Trunking
d.
Router-on-a-stick
COMPLETION
1. A(n) ____________________ is a physical connection created when network devices are connected to
one another by two or more physical media links.
2. STP uses the ______________________________ to interrupt the logical loop created by a physical
loop in a bridged/switched environment.
3. _________________________ operates on VLANs and treats all VLANs connected as separate
physical networks.
4. A(n) _________________________ is a grouping of network devices that is not restricted to a
physical segment or switch.
5. Before VLAN was an IEEE standard, early implementations depended on the switch vendor and on a
method known as ____________________.
MATCHING
Match each item with a statement below:
a.
STP
f.
Frame filtering
b.
Stable states
g.
Frame tagging
c.
Transitory states
h.
LAN emulation
d.
RSTP
i.
VLAN trunking protocol
e.
Broadcast domain
1. involves adding a four-byte field to the actual Ethernet frame to identify the VLAN and other pertinent
information
2. prevent logical loops during a period of transition from one root bridge to another
3. manage all of the configured VLANs that traverse trunks between switches
4. a group of network devices that will receive LAN broadcast traffic from each other
5. a type of frame tagging
6. a complex process that involved one table for each VLAN and a master table that was shared by all
VLANs
7. a layer 2 link management protocol designed to prevent looping on bridges and switches
8. the normal operating states of ports when the root bridge is available and all paths are functioning as
expected
9. an IEEE standard governed as 802.1w
SHORT ANSWER
1. What are the STP ports stable states?
2. What are the STP ports transitory states?
3. How do ports on STP-enabled devices move through the different states?
4. Briefly describe the spanning tree portfast STP feature.
5. What are some of the benefits provided by VLANs?
6. Compare dynamic vs. static VLANs.
ANS:
7. Describe the two most common types of frame tagging.
8. What are the states for a trunk link?
9. Briefly describe the VTP device modes.
10. Describe some of the considerations when implementing hubs on a network with VLANs.
