38.EasternStatePenitentiarywasdesignedby_____________.
a.JohnHoward
b.JohnHaviland
c.JeremyBentham
d.CesareLombroso
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheArrivalofthePenitentiary
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.02-Compareandcontrastthebasicassumptionsofthe
penitentiarysystemsofPennsylvaniaandNewYork.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
39.Bythemid-1800s,reformersbecamedisillusionedwiththe_____________sincerehabilitationordeterrencewas
notbeingrealized.
a.parolesystem
b.contract-leasesystem
c.penitentiary
d.marksystem
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheReformatoryMovement
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.03-DiscusstheelementsoftheCincinnatiDeclaration.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
40._______________hasbeencreditedwithcreatingthemarksystemofgraduatedconfinementinEngland,which
calledforanincarceratedindividualtoobtainmarkstowardearlyrelease.
a.JohnHoward
b.SirWalterCrofton
c.JeremyBentham
d.AlexanderMaconochie
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheReformatoryMovement
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.03-DiscusstheelementsoftheCincinnatiDeclaration.
ACOR.CLEA.19.03.04-IdentifythereformsadvocatedbytheProgressives.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
41.Accordingtocommunity-basedcorrections,thegoalofthecriminaljusticesystemisto_____________.
a.punishtheconvictedindividual
b.reintegratetheconvictedindividual
c.focusonthevictim
d.achievejustice
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: FromMedicalModeltoCommunityModel
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.06-Illustratehowthecommunitymodelreflectedthesocial
andpoliticalvaluesofthe1960sand1970s.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
42.The_____________modelofcorrectionsemphasizesapunitiveapproachtocorrections,includingstrict
sentencingrequirements.
a.dueprocess
b.crimecontrol
c.medical
d.reformatory
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheCrimeControlModel:ThePendulumSwingsAgain
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.07-Describetheforcesandeventsthatledtothepresent
crimecontrolmodel.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
43.Beginninginthe1930s,reformersputforwardthe_____________modelofcorrections,whichviewedcriminal
behaviorascausedbypsychologicalorbiologicaldeficiencies.
a.medical
b.dueprocess
c.community
d.crimecontrol
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheRiseoftheMedicalModel
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.05-Discusstheassumptionsofthemedicalmodelregarding
thenatureofcriminalbehavioranditscorrection.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
44.Althoughtheideaof______________hadbeendevelopedinAustraliaandIrelandinthe1850sandinstitutedat
theElmiraReformatoryin1876,notuntilthemid-1920sdidthispracticebecomereadilyacceptedand
implementedthroughouttheUnitedStates.
a.work-release
b.probation
c.parole
d.determinatesentencing
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheRiseoftheProgressives
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.03-DiscusstheelementsoftheCincinnatiDeclaration.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
45._________________isanalternativetoincarceration,whichallowsconvictedpeopletobetreatedinthe
communityundersupervisedconditions.
a.Parole
b.Probation
c.Contract-lease
d.Determinatesentencing
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheRiseoftheProgressives
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.03-DiscusstheelementsoftheCincinnatiDeclaration.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
46.Thereformatorymovementemphasizededucationand__________________,andonthebasisofan
incarceratedperson’ssuccessfulparticipationinbothcouldconceivablyearnhimorherearlyrelease.
a.training
b.religion
c.treatment
d.penance
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheReformatoryMovement
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.03-DiscusstheelementsoftheCincinnatiDeclaration.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
47._______________________wascommissionedthefirstwardenoftheAuburnStatePenitentiaryinNewYorkin
1821;heinstitutedasystemthatcalledforincarceratedpeopletoadheretostrictdisciplineandtowearpinstripes
andtowalkinlockstep.
a.ZebulonBrockway
b.ElamLynds
c.JohnHaviland
d.SanfordBates
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheArrivalofthePenitentiary
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.02-Compareandcontrastthebasicassumptionsofthe
penitentiarysystemsofPennsylvaniaandNewYork.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
Matcheachitemtothephraseorsentencebelow.
a.Designedforyoungpeoplewhohavecommittedcrimes
b.Earnedthroughbehavior,education,andlabor
c.Treatmentisrequiredforpeoplewhohavecommittedcrimes
d.Donebylaborofincarceratedpeople
e.Contractorsexchangefoodandclothingforconvictlabor
f. Reintegrationisthegoal
g.DevelopedinAuburn,NY
h.Incarcerationandsupervisioncontrolbehavior
i. Isolatesincarceratedpeoplefromsociety
j. Sociological,biological,andpsychologicalcausesofcrime
REFERENCES: Seekeytermsthroughoutchapter.
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.01-Describe“TheGreatLaw”ofPennsylvaniaandnoteits
importance.
ACOR.CLEA.19.03.02-Compareandcontrastthebasicassumptionsofthe
penitentiarysystemsofPennsylvaniaandNewYork.
ACOR.CLEA.19.03.03-DiscusstheelementsoftheCincinnatiDeclaration.
ACOR.CLEA.19.03.04-IdentifythereformsadvocatedbytheProgressives.
48.Leasesystem
ANSWER:e
POINTS: 1
49.Positivistschool
ANSWER:i
POINTS: 1
50.Congregatesystem
ANSWER:g
POINTS: 1
51.Contractlaborsystem
ANSWER:d
POINTS: 1
52.Marksystem
ANSWER:b
POINTS: 1
53.Penitentiary
ANSWER:i
POINTS: 1
54.Reformatory
ANSWER:a
POINTS: 1
55.Communitycorrections
ANSWER:f
POINTS: 1
56.Crimecontrolmodel
ANSWER:h
POINTS: 1
57.Medicalmodel
ANSWER:c
POINTS: 1
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 16
58.Aninstitutionintendedtoisolatepeoplewhohavecommittedacrimefromsocietyandoneanothersothattheycan
reflectontheirmisdeeds,repent,andundergoreformationiscalleda___________.
ANSWER: penitentiary
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheArrivalofthePenitentiary
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.01-Describe“TheGreatLaw”ofPennsylvaniaandnoteits
importance.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
59.The______________wereagroupthatlookedtothesocial,economic,biological,andpsychologicalratherthan
religiousormoralexplanationsforthecausesofcrime.
ANSWER: Progressives
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheRiseoftheProgressives
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.04-IdentifythereformsadvocatedbytheProgressives.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
60.Thefirsttwodecadesofthe1900s,referredtoasthe______________,setthedominanttoneforU.S.social
thoughtandpoliticalactionthroughthe1960s.
ANSWER: AgeofReform
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheRiseoftheProgressives
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.04-IdentifythereformsadvocatedbytheProgressives.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
61.AftertheCivilWar,southernlegislaturespassedthe______________,harshlawsdesignedtocontrolnewlyfreed
AfricanAmericans.
ANSWER: BlackCodes
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheArrivalofthePenitentiary
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.02-Compareandcontrastthebasicassumptionsofthe
penitentiarysystemsofPennsylvaniaandNewYork.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
62.Themedicalmodelofcorrectionsisbasedontheassumptionthatcriminalbehavioriscausedbysocial,psychological,
orbiologicaldeficienciesthatrequire______________.
ANSWER: treatment
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheRiseoftheMedicalModel
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.05-Discusstheassumptionsofthemedicalmodelregarding
thenatureofcriminalbehavioranditscorrection.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
63.Progressivesimplementedprobation,______________,andparolethroughouttheUnitedStates.
ANSWER: indeterminatesentences
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheRiseoftheProgressives
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.04-IdentifythereformsadvocatedbytheProgressives.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
64.Progressiveswantedtoknowthe______________ofapersonwhohadcommittedacrimesothattheycould
deviseanindividualizedtreatmentprogram.
ANSWER: lifehistory
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheRiseoftheProgressives
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.04-IdentifythereformsadvocatedbytheProgressives.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
65.In1929,CongressauthorizedthenewFederalBureauofPrisonstodevelopinstitutionsthatwerewellsuitedtothe
__________ofincarceratedpeople.
ANSWER: rehabilitation
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheRiseoftheMedicalModel
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.05-Discusstheassumptionsofthemedicalmodelregarding
thenatureofcriminalbehavioranditscorrection.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
66.The1980sincorrectionscenteredoncrimecontrolthrough______________andriskcontainment.
ANSWER: Incarceration
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheCrimeControlModel:ThePendulumSwingsAgain
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.07-Describetheforcesandeventsthatledtothepresent
crimecontrolmodel.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
67.Thesocialandpoliticalclimateofthe1960sgaverisetoa______________modelofcorrections.
ANSWER: crimecontrol
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheCrimeControlModel:ThePendulumSwingsAgain
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.07-Describetheforcesandeventsthatledtothepresent
crimecontrolmodel.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
68.A_________________isaninstitutionthatiscreatedforyoungpeoplewhohavecommittedacrimethat
emphasizeseducationandtraining,amarksystemofclassification,parole,andindeterminatesentences.
ANSWER: Reformatory
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheReformatoryMovement
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.03-DiscusstheelementsoftheCincinnatiDeclaration.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
69.In1682,withthearrivalofWilliamPenn,Pennsylvaniaadoptedthe“___________,”whichwasbasedonhumane
Quakerprinciplesandemphasizedhardlaborinahouseofcorrectionaspunishmentformostcrimes.
ANSWER: GreatLaw
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheColonialPeriod
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.01-Describe“TheGreatLaw”ofPennsylvaniaandnoteits
importance.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
70.AlthoughconceptualizedbyearlyEnglishreformers,thepenitentiaryfirstappearedintheUnitedStatesinthecityof
____________,whenpartoftheWalnutStreetJailwasconvertedtoallowforseparateconfinement.
ANSWER: Philadelphia
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheArrivalofthePenitentiary
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.02-Compareandcontrastthebasicassumptionsofthe
penitentiarysystemsofPennsylvaniaandNewYork.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
71.TheopeningofEasternStatePenitentiaryin1829markedthefulldevelopmentandimplementationofthe
_______________system.
ANSWER: separateconfinement
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheArrivalofthePenitentiary
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.02-Compareandcontrastthebasicassumptionsofthe
penitentiarysystemsofPennsylvaniaandNewYork.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
72.The_________________penitentiarysystemofincarcerationcalledforpeoplewhohadcommittedcrimestobe
heldinisolationatnightbuttoworkwithotherincarceratedpeopleduringthedayunderaruleofsilence.
ANSWER: congregate
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheArrivalofthePenitentiary
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.02-Compareandcontrastthebasicassumptionsofthe
penitentiarysystemsofPennsylvaniaandNewYork.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
73.Thecongregatepenitentiarysystemwasmoreconcernedwithinstillinggoodworkhabitstopreventarelapseinto
crimethanwith________________thecharacterofapersonwhohadcommittedacrime.
ANSWER: rehabilitating
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheArrivalofthePenitentiary
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.02-Compareandcontrastthebasicassumptionsofthe
penitentiarysystemsofPennsylvaniaandNewYork.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
74.ImmediatelyfollowingtheCivilWar,the______________systemofcorrectionspermittedimprisonedpeopletobe
loanedtoprivatecontractorswhoprovidedthemwithfoodandclothinginexchangefortheirlabor.
ANSWER: lease
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheDevelopmentofPrisonsintheSouthandWest
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.02-Compareandcontrastthebasicassumptionsofthe
penitentiarysystemsofPennsylvaniaandNewYork.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
75.DiscusstheimportancethatthestateofPennsylvaniaplayedwithinthecorrectionalsystem.
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheColonialPeriodandTheArrivalofthePenitentiary
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.01-Describe“TheGreatLaw”ofPennsylvaniaandnoteits
importance.
ACOR.CLEA.19.03.02-Compareandcontrastthebasicassumptionsofthe
penitentiarysystemsofPennsylvaniaandNewYork.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Understand
76.Thenatureandpracticesofcorrectionsrelatetoenvironment.WhatkindsofconditionswereprevalentintheSouth
aftertheCivilWar,andhowdidthislandscapeaffectcorrections?
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheDevelopmentofPrisonsintheSouthandWest
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.02-Compareandcontrastthebasicassumptionsofthe
penitentiarysystemsofPennsylvaniaandNewYork.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Understand
77.Discussthehistoricaldevelopmentofparoleandindeterminatesentencing.
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheReformatoryMovement
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.03-DiscusstheelementsoftheCincinnatiDeclaration.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Understand
78.AreanyoftheconceptsofthePennsylvaniaorNewYorksystemsofcorrectionsstillusedinprisonstoday?Ifso,
how,andifnot,whynot?
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheArrivalofthePenitentiary
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.02-Compareandcontrastthebasicassumptionsofthe
penitentiarysystemsofPennsylvaniaandNewYork.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Understand
79.CompareandcontrastthepenitentiaryphilosophiesthatguidedthePennsylvaniasystemofseparateconfinementand
theNewYorkcongregatesystem.Whatassumptionsunderlaythedifferentsystems?
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheArrivalofthePenitentiary
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.02-Compareandcontrastthebasicassumptionsofthe
penitentiarysystemsofPennsylvaniaandNewYork.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Analyze
80.IdentifythecentralideasthatguidedtheProgressiveprisonreforms.WhatdidtheProgressivesseeaserrorsin
correctionsmethodsofthepast,andhowdidtheyintendtocorrectthem?
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheRiseoftheProgressives
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.04-IdentifythereformsadvocatedbytheProgressives.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Analyze
81.TracetheconceptofrehabilitationasitwasappliedfromthetimeofPennsylvania’s“GreatLaw”upthroughthe
medicalmodelofcorrections.
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheRiseoftheMedicalModel
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.05-Discusstheassumptionsofthemedicalmodelregarding
thenatureofcriminalbehavioranditscorrection.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Analyze
82.Inspecificterms,howdoyouthinkadvocatesofthecommunitymodelreactedtotheAtticaprisonriotsinawaythat
strengthenedtheirideasaboutcommunitycorrections?
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: FromMedicalModeltoCommunityModel
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.06-Illustratehowthecommunitymodelreflectedthesocial
andpoliticalvaluesofthe1960sand1970s.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Analyze
83.Whatsocietalfactorsledtothecrimecontrolmodelofcorrections?Whatkindofsocietalfactorsdoyouthinkmight
helpbringaboutatransitiontoadifferentmodelinthenearfuture,andwhatmightsuchamodellooklike?
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TheCrimeControlModel:ThePendulumSwingsAgain
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.03.07-Describetheforcesandeventsthatledtothepresent
crimecontrolmodel.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Analyze