1.Ontheeveofreform,economicandsocialfactors,particularlyconcerninglabor,begantoreshapethenatureofpenal
sanctionsinEngland.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: OntheEveofReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
2.PeoplewhoweretransportedtoBotanyBayinAustraliaaspunishmentwerekeptincagesformostofthemonths-
longjourney.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
3.AhulkisanabandonedshipthattheEnglishconvertedtoholdconvictedpeopleduringaperiodofprison
overcrowdingbetween1776and1790.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
4.InBrixtonPrison,womenwerenotcompelledtoworkunderrulesofsilenceduringmajorportionsoftheday.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
5.Bytheyear1200,asystemofwergild,orpaymentofmoneyascompensation,haddevelopedinEnglandasaway
forthekingtocollectadditionalresourcesfromthecitizens.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
6.Forcedrowingoflargeshipsorgalleysiscalledbenefitofclergy.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember.
7.ThetermBridewellHousecametobeusedforsomespecificversionsoftheEnglishhouseofcorrection.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
8.Thepreventionofcrimeismoreimportantthanpunishmentforcrimes.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe
utilitarians.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
9.PanopticonswereconstructedinEnglandbutnotinFranceandIreland.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe
utilitarians.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
10.Twopanopticon-typeprisonswereconstructedintheUnitedKingdom.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe
utilitarians.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
11.Beccariasetforthsixprinciplesonwhichhisreformswerebased.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe
utilitarians.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
12.Correctionsphilosophiesreflectthevisionandconcernsofthecommunityatlarge.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
13.Thepurposeofpunishmentiscrimedeterrence,notsocialrevenge.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe
utilitarians.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
14.From1718to1776,anestimated52,200EnglishmenandwomenwereshippedtotheAmericancoloniesas
punishmentforcriminalactivities.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe
utilitarians.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
15.UntilthelateMiddleAges,prisonswereusedprimarilytodetainpeopleawaitingtrial.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
16.ThefounderoftheclassicalschoolofcriminologyisCesareBeccaria,whoappliedtherationalistphilosophyofthe
Enlightenmenttothecriminaljusticesystem.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.03-IdentifythecontributionofCesareBeccariaandthe
classicalschool.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
17.Theprinciplethatpunishmentshouldcorrespondindegreeandkindtotheoffenseiscalled__________.
a.lextalionis
b.secularlaw
c.churchlaw
d.wergild
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
18.Oneexampleofcorporalpunishmentis__________.
a.forgiveness
b.whipping
c.imprisonment
d.religiouseducation
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
19.JeremyBenthamarguedthateffectivepunishmentsprevent__________inthefuture.
a.premeditatedbehavior
b.positivebehavior
c.similarbehavior
d.coercedbehavior
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe
utilitarians.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
20.Thelawwhichisdistinguishedfromchurchlawiscalled__________.
a.lawofretaliation
b.lextalionis
c.wergild
d.secularlaw
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
21.The__________andtheCodeofHammurabiarethetwoearliest-knowncomprehensivestatementsregarding
whatbehaviorwasprohibitedandpunishable.
a.SumerianLawofMesopotamia
b.DraconianCode
c.lawoftheTwelveTables
d.systemofWergild
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
22.Whatisthepracticeofforcingmentorowshipscalled?
a.Wergild
b.Galleyslavery
c.Imprisonment
d.Hanging
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
23.Lextalionisembodieswhichofthefollowingprinciples?
a.Criminalpunishmentshouldcorrespondindegreeandkindtotheoffense.
b.“Aneyeforaneyeandatoothforatooth”islegalpunishment.
c.Vengeanceisaprivateaffair,andthedutyofthevictimorvictim’sfamilytocarryout,notapublicmatter.
d.Allofthesearecorrect.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
24.JeremyBentham’sclassicprisondesignknownasthe______________calledforacircularbuildingwithaglass
roofandcellsoneachstoryandaroundthecircumferenceofthepenitentiarysothattheconvictedpeoplecouldbe
viewedatalltimestoensuretheywereabidingbyprisonrules.
a.Trivium
b.Octagon
c.Panopticon
d.Hexagon
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe
utilitarians.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
25.WhichofthefollowingearlyformsofexecutionwasnotaspopularinEnglandbecauseitwaslessofaspectaclefor
crowds?
a.Flayingalive
b.Burninginternally
c.Breakingonthewheel
d.Theironmaiden
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
26.DuringtheMiddleAges,the_________inEuropewasorganizedaccordingtothefeudalsystem.
a.secularlaw
b.manmoney
c.galleyslavery
d.lextalionis
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
27.ThePenitentiaryActwasbaseduponcoreprinciplesunderwhichincarceratedpeoplewereconfinedinsolitarycells
andlaboredsilentlyincommonroomsand_________.
a.werehousedinsecureandsanitaryconditions.
b.weresubjectedtononsystematicinspections.
c.earnedincomefortheirlabor.
d.receivedcorporalpunishmentfornoncompliance.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe
utilitarians.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
28.Thefounderoftheclassicalschoolofcriminologywas_________.
a.CesareBeccaria
b.JohnHoward
c.CesareLombroso
d.JeremyBentham
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.03-IdentifythecontributionofCesareBeccariaandthe
classicalschool.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
29.TheperiodknownastheEnlightenmenthadwhateffect(s)onsociety?
a.Itbroughtareactionagainstfeudalsocietyandthemonopolyofreligion.
b.Itstressedthenotionofequalityforallcitizens.
c.Itwaslargelyinfluencedbythegrowthofscientificthinking.
d.Allofthesearecorrect.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.02-DiscusstheEnlightenmentandhowitaffected
corrections.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
30.TheEnlightenmentproposedwhichofthefollowingideasforcorrectionalreform?
a.Arewritingofpenalcodestoincreasetheseverityofcriminalsanctions
b.Agreaterbeliefintheapplicationofpainasaspecificandgeneraldeterrent
c.Theinventionofthepenitentiary,whereincarceratedpeoplecouldbeisolatedfromthetemptationsofthe
outsideworld
d.Anincreaseinthenumberofcriminallawsand,asaresult,agrowthinthenumbersandtypesofincarcerated
people
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.03-IdentifythecontributionofCesareBeccariaandthe
classicalschool.
ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe
utilitarians.
ACOR.CLEA.19.02.05-DiscusstheworkofJohnHowardanditsinfluenceon
correctionalreform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
31.Forthepurposeofdeterrenceoffuturecriminalacts,whichprinciple(s)didCesareBeccariabelieveweremost
valuableforcarryingoutapunishment?
a.Severity
b.Swiftness
c.Certainty
d.Bothswiftnessandcertainty
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.03-IdentifythecontributionofCesareBeccariaandthe
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
32.Thetermwergildreferstowhichofthefollowing?
a.Structuredrehabilitationforpeoplewhohavecommittedacrime
b.Anamountofmoneypaidtothevictimsofacrimeortotheirrelatives
c.Educationalprogramstopreventrepeatincarceration
d.Vocationalprogramstotrainpeoplewhohavecommittedacrimeinnewskills
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
33.HowwastheexistingsystemofjusticealteredduringtheEnlightenment?
a.Peoplereconsideredtheadministrationoflawandredefinedcorrections.
b.Duringthisperiod,theclassicalschoolofcriminologyemerged,withitsinsistenceonarationallinkbetween
thegravityofthecrimeandtheseverityofthepunishment.
c.Thesocialcontractandutilitarianismemphasizedlimitationsonthegovernmentandtheneedtoenacta
systemofpunishmentsthatwoulddeterpeoplefromcrime.
d.Allofthesearecorrect.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.02-DiscusstheEnlightenmentandhowitaffected
corrections.
ACOR.CLEA.19.02.03-IdentifythecontributionofCesareBeccariaandthe
classicalschool.
ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe
utilitarians.
ACOR.CLEA.19.02.05-DiscusstheworkofJohnHowardanditsinfluenceon
correctionalreform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
34._________anddeathhavebeenusedthroughouthistory;thesixteenththrougheighteenthcenturiesinGreat
BritainandEuropewereparticularlybrutal.
a.Imprisonment
b.Corporalpunishment
c.Benefitofclergy
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
d.Galleyslavery
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
35.WhichtimeperiodisknownastheEnlightenmentortheAgeofReason?
a.1700s
b.1600s
c.1800s
d.1900s
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe
utilitarians.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
36.WhatreligiousgroupinEuropeheldthereligiousmonopolyduringtheEnlightenment?
a.Islam
b.CatholicChurch
c.Judaism
d.Noneofthesearecorrect
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe
utilitarians.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
37.Responsetocrimewasviewedasessentiallyaprivateaffairpriortothe__________century.
a.13th
b.17th
c.16th
d.19th
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
38.__________wasaleaderofcorrectionalreforminEnglandandthedeveloperofautilitarianapproachtocrime
andpunishment.
a.JeremyBentham
b.JohnHoward
c.CesareBeccaria
d.SirWalterCrofton
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe
utilitarians.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
39.Wergilddevelopedasa__________.
a.bartersystem
b.methodforthekingtobringhissubjectsdirectlyunderhisrule
c.methodoftreatingprivatewrongsaspubliccrimes
d.systemofcompensationforprivatewrongscommittedagainstanother
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
40.Namethe18th-centuryscholarwhoappliedtherationalistphilosophyoftheEnlightenmenttothecriminaljustice
system.
a.CesareBeccaria
b.JeremyBentham
c.JohnHoward
d.HenryVIII
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe
utilitarians.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
41.Thelawofthecivilsocietyasdistinguishedfromchurchlawisknownas__________.
a.naturallaw
b.lextalionis
c.secularlaw
d.benefitofclergy
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
42.Benefitofclergywasextendedto__________.
a.allmendeemedworthybythekind
b.allwealthyaristocratsoftherealm
c.monksandnunsonly
d.allliteratepersons
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
43.The__________wasbornoutofconcernforthesinfulnessofsloth.
a.wergild
b.workhouse
c.penitentiary
d.bridewell
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
44.Theemphasisofthe________________ontheimportanceofhardworkandonthesinfulnessofslothsparked
Europeanreformerstourgethatsomemeansbeusedtoprovideworkfortheidlepoor.
a.JewishRestoration
b.ProtestantReformation
c.CatholicCrusades
d.SpanishInquisition
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
45._________________wereabandonedshipsthattheEnglishconvertedtoholdconvictsduringaperiodofprison
crowdingbetween1776and1790.
a.Hulks
b.Galleys
c.Cells
d.Workships
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
46.________________wasanEnglishprisonreformerwhoseresearchandwritingledtothepassageofthe
PenitentiaryActof1779bytheHouseofCommons.
a.FranklinShepard
b.JeremyBentham
c.MichaelRourke
d.JohnHoward
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.05-DiscusstheworkofJohnHowardanditsinfluenceon
correctionalreform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
47.—___________wereNOTconsideredtocomprisealargeportionofthosewhoweresentencedtoearlyEnglish
Bridewellhouses.
a.Orphans
b.Thepoor
c.Prostitutes
d.Serialmurderers
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
48.Ahouseof_________________________wasadetentionfacilitythatcombinedthemajorelementsofthe
workhouse,poorhouse,andpenalindustrybybothdiscipliningtheincarceratedindividualsandsettingthemtowork.
a.solitude
b.correction
c.penance
d.redemption
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
49.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTamedievalformofcapitalpunishment?
a.Beingflayedalive
b.Beingbrokenonthewheel
c.Beingsubjectedtotherack
d.Beingfedtolions
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
Matcheachitemtothephraseorsentencelistedbelow.
a.Punishmenttoabodyinflictingpain
b.Lawofcivilsociety
c.Forcedrowing
f. Therighttobetriedinecclesiasticalcourt
g.Retaliation
h.AgeofReason
i. Aformofbanishment
j. Freewillandseverepunishment
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
50.Benefitofclergy
ANSWER:f
51.Classicalcriminology
ANSWER:j
52.Corporalpunishment
ANSWER:a
53.Enlightenment
ANSWER:h
54.Galleyslavery
ANSWER:c
55.Houseofcorrections
ANSWER:d
56.Hulk
ANSWER:i
57.Lextalionis
ANSWER:g
58.Secularlaw
ANSWER:b
CopyrightCengageLearning.PoweredbyCognero.Page16
59.Utilitarianism
ANSWER:e
60.Scholarspointtothe__________asthefirstcomprehensivestatementofprohibitedbehaviorsandthepunishments
foreach.
ANSWER: CodeofHammurabi
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
61.Becausepunishmentwasconsideredapowerfulgeneral__________,authoritiesfromthe16thtothe18thcenturies
inEuropecarriedoutsanctionsinthemarketsquareforalltosee.
ANSWER: deterrent
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
62.Eventuallyall__________peopleintheMiddleAgescouldclaimbenefitofclergy,protectionfromsecular
prosecutionbythechurch.
ANSWER: literate
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
63.Secularlawisoftenreferredtoasthe__________lawofsociety.
ANSWER: civil
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
64.Accordingtoscholars,theEnlightenmentwasareactionagainstfeudaland__________traditions.
ANSWER: monarchical
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.02-DiscusstheEnlightenmentandhowitaffected
corrections.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
65.The____________schoolofcriminologyviewsbehaviorasstemmingfromfreewill.
ANSWER: classical
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.02-DiscusstheEnlightenmentandhowitaffected
corrections.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
66.People_____________ofacrimehavearighttospeedytrialsandtohumanetreatmentbeforetrial.
ANSWER: accused
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe
utilitarians.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
67.Thedoctrinethattheaimofallactionshouldbethegreatestbalanceofpleasureoverpainandthatapunishment
inflictedonanindividualwhocommittedacrimemustachieveenoughgoodtooutweighthepainiscalled.
ANSWER: utilitarianism
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.02-DiscusstheEnlightenmentandhowitaffected
corrections.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
68.Theforcedrowingoflargeshipsasaformofearlypunishmentwasknownas____________.
ANSWER: galleyslavery
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
69.___________________referstothepracticeofmovingindividualsconvictedofcrimesfromthecommunityto
anotherregionorland,oftenapenalcolony.
ANSWER: Transportation
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
70.__________________referstopunishmentinflictedontheconvictedperson’sbodywithwhipsorotherdevices
thatcausepain.
ANSWER: Corporalpunishment
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
71.Theperiodknownasthe______________________wasaculturalmovementinEnglandandFranceduringthe
1700s,whenconceptsofliberalism,rationality,equality,andindividualismdominatedsocialandpoliticalthinking.
ANSWER: EnlightenmentorAgeofReason
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.02-DiscusstheEnlightenmentandhowitaffected
corrections.
ACOR.CLEA.19.02.03-IdentifythecontributionofCesareBeccariaandthe
classicalschool.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
72.Twopanopticon-styleprisonswereeventuallyconstructedinthestatesof________and________.
ANSWER: Pennsylvania;Illinois
Illinois;Pennsylvania
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe
utilitarians.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
73.Moneypaidtorelativesofamurderedpersonortothevictimofacrimetocompensatethemandtopreventablood
feudiscalled___________.
ANSWER: wergild
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe
utilitarians.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
74.Theterm_____________________,usedtodescribeahouseofcorrection,wasfirstusedduringthe16thcentury
inEngland.
ANSWER: BridewellHouse
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
75.Brieflysummarizethesocial,political,andscientificideasadvocatedduringtheEnlightenmentandthelastingeffect
theyhadoncorrectionalthinkingandpractices.
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.02-DiscusstheEnlightenmentandhowitaffected
corrections.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Understand
76.Describethesocialmovementsleadinguptotheestablishmentofthefirsthousesofcorrection.Howdidthese
changesleadthedevelopmentoftheprisonsystem?
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Understand
77.WhowasJohnHowardandwhatsignificancedidhehaveinregardtocorrectionalreform?Besuretolistand
explainhismajoraccomplishments.
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
REFERENCES: TheAgeofCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.05-DiscusstheworkofJohnHowardanditsinfluenceon
correctionalreform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Understand
78.Inyourownopinion,shouldtheUnitedStateslooktoincorporatepunishmentsthatitonceused,butlateroutlawedto
duetothecruelandharmfulnatureofsuchacts(e.g.,corporalpunishment,transportation)?Besuretofullyexplain
anddefendyouranswer.
ANSWER: Answerswillvary
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Understand
79.SupposeyouareafeudallandownerintheMiddleAges,andoneofyourtenantshasbeenfoundguiltyofstealing
fromyou.Whatrightswouldyouhaveindeterminingthetenant’spunishment,andwhatrightswouldthetenant
have?Howwouldthesituationdifferifthetenantwereanotherfeudallordlikeyourself?
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Analyze
80.Imagineyouarealaborerin16th-centuryLondonwithafamilyoffourtosupport,andyoufindyourselfwithdebts
thatyoucannotpay.Whatconsequencesmightyouexpectfromthelaw?Howwouldthesituationdifferifyoufaced
thesamesituationinthe18thcentury?
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle
AgestotheAmericanRevolution.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Analyze
81.Supposeyouareanunskilledurbanlaborerin18th-centuryEnglandconvictedofrobbery,andyouaresentencedto
betransportedtotheAmericancolonies.Describewhatyoumightbeabletoexpectinyournewlifethere,as
comparedtotheoneyouleftbehind.
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.02-DiscusstheEnlightenmentandhowitaffected
corrections.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Analyze
82.SupposeyouareaciviljudgeinEnglandinthelate18thcenturywhohasreadCesareBeccaria’sbookOnCrimes
andPunishmentsandbecomeconvincedoftheprinciplesdefendedinit.Describehowyouroutlookmightaffect
yourphilosophyofsentencing,particularlyascomparedwithwhatmightbetypicalforthetime.
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.03-IdentifythecontributionofCesareBeccariaandthe
classicalschool.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Analyze
83.Imagineyouarean18th-centurycorrectionsadministratorandafolloweroftheideasofJohnHoward.Describe
yourdesignofanidealprison.
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
REFERENCES: JohnHowardandtheBirthofthePenitentiary
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe
utilitarians.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Analyze