978-1337557658 Chapter 2

Type Homework Help

Pages 15

Words 1621

Textbook American Corrections 12th Edition

Authors George F. Cole, Michael D. Reisig, Todd R. Clear

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1.Ontheeveofreform,economicandsocialfactors,particularlyconcerninglabor,begantoreshapethenatureofpenal

sanctionsinEngland.

a.True

b.False

ANSWER: True

REFERENCES: OntheEveofReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

2.PeoplewhoweretransportedtoBotanyBayinAustraliaaspunishmentwerekeptincagesformostofthemonths-

longjourney.

a.True

b.False

ANSWER: True

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

3.AhulkisanabandonedshipthattheEnglishconvertedtoholdconvictedpeopleduringaperiodofprison

overcrowdingbetween1776and1790.

a.True

b.False

ANSWER: True

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

4.InBrixtonPrison,womenwerenotcompelledtoworkunderrulesofsilenceduringmajorportionsoftheday.

a.True

b.False

ANSWER: False

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

5.Bytheyear1200,asystemofwergild,orpaymentofmoneyascompensation,haddevelopedinEnglandasaway

forthekingtocollectadditionalresourcesfromthecitizens.

a.True

b.False

ANSWER: False

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

6.Forcedrowingoflargeshipsorgalleysiscalledbenefitofclergy.

a.True

b.False

ANSWER: False

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember.

7.ThetermBridewellHousecametobeusedforsomespecificversionsoftheEnglishhouseofcorrection.

a.True

b.False

ANSWER: False

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

8.Thepreventionofcrimeismoreimportantthanpunishmentforcrimes.

a.True

b.False

ANSWER: True

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe

utilitarians.

KEYWORDS: Bloom's:Remember

9.PanopticonswereconstructedinEnglandbutnotinFranceandIreland.

a.True

b.False

ANSWER: False

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe

utilitarians.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

10.Twopanopticon-typeprisonswereconstructedintheUnitedKingdom.

a.True

b.False

ANSWER: False

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe

utilitarians.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

11.Beccariasetforthsixprinciplesonwhichhisreformswerebased.

a.True

b.False

ANSWER: True

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe

utilitarians.

KEYWORDS: Bloom's:Remember

12.Correctionsphilosophiesreflectthevisionandconcernsofthecommunityatlarge.

a.True

b.False

ANSWER: True

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

13.Thepurposeofpunishmentiscrimedeterrence,notsocialrevenge.

a.True

b.False

ANSWER: True

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe

utilitarians.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

14.From1718to1776,anestimated52,200EnglishmenandwomenwereshippedtotheAmericancoloniesas

punishmentforcriminalactivities.

a.True

b.False

ANSWER: True

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe

utilitarians.

KEYWORDS: Bloom's:Remember

15.UntilthelateMiddleAges,prisonswereusedprimarilytodetainpeopleawaitingtrial.

a.True

b.False

ANSWER: True

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

16.ThefounderoftheclassicalschoolofcriminologyisCesareBeccaria,whoappliedtherationalistphilosophyofthe

Enlightenmenttothecriminaljusticesystem.

a.True

b.False

ANSWER: True

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.03-IdentifythecontributionofCesareBeccariaandthe

classicalschool.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

17.Theprinciplethatpunishmentshouldcorrespondindegreeandkindtotheoffenseiscalled__________.

a.lextalionis

b.secularlaw

c.churchlaw

d.wergild

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

18.Oneexampleofcorporalpunishmentis__________.

a.forgiveness

b.whipping

c.imprisonment

d.religiouseducation

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

19.JeremyBenthamarguedthateffectivepunishmentsprevent__________inthefuture.

a.premeditatedbehavior

b.positivebehavior

c.similarbehavior

d.coercedbehavior

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe

utilitarians.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

20.Thelawwhichisdistinguishedfromchurchlawiscalled__________.

a.lawofretaliation

b.lextalionis

c.wergild

d.secularlaw

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

21.The__________andtheCodeofHammurabiarethetwoearliest-knowncomprehensivestatementsregarding

whatbehaviorwasprohibitedandpunishable.

a.SumerianLawofMesopotamia

b.DraconianCode

c.lawoftheTwelveTables

d.systemofWergild

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom's:Remember

22.Whatisthepracticeofforcingmentorowshipscalled?

a.Wergild

b.Galleyslavery

c.Imprisonment

d.Hanging

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

23.Lextalionisembodieswhichofthefollowingprinciples?

a.Criminalpunishmentshouldcorrespondindegreeandkindtotheoffense.

b.“Aneyeforaneyeandatoothforatooth”islegalpunishment.

c.Vengeanceisaprivateaffair,andthedutyofthevictimorvictim’sfamilytocarryout,notapublicmatter.

d.Allofthesearecorrect.

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

24.JeremyBentham’sclassicprisondesignknownasthe______________calledforacircularbuildingwithaglass

roofandcellsoneachstoryandaroundthecircumferenceofthepenitentiarysothattheconvictedpeoplecouldbe

viewedatalltimestoensuretheywereabidingbyprisonrules.

a.Trivium

b.Octagon

c.Panopticon

d.Hexagon

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe

utilitarians.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

25.WhichofthefollowingearlyformsofexecutionwasnotaspopularinEnglandbecauseitwaslessofaspectaclefor

crowds?

a.Flayingalive

b.Burninginternally

c.Breakingonthewheel

d.Theironmaiden

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom's:Remember

26.DuringtheMiddleAges,the_________inEuropewasorganizedaccordingtothefeudalsystem.

a.secularlaw

b.manmoney

c.galleyslavery

d.lextalionis

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

27.ThePenitentiaryActwasbaseduponcoreprinciplesunderwhichincarceratedpeoplewereconfinedinsolitarycells

andlaboredsilentlyincommonroomsand_________.

a.werehousedinsecureandsanitaryconditions.

b.weresubjectedtononsystematicinspections.

c.earnedincomefortheirlabor.

d.receivedcorporalpunishmentfornoncompliance.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe

utilitarians.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

28.Thefounderoftheclassicalschoolofcriminologywas_________.

a.CesareBeccaria

b.JohnHoward

c.CesareLombroso

d.JeremyBentham

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.03-IdentifythecontributionofCesareBeccariaandthe

classicalschool.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

29.TheperiodknownastheEnlightenmenthadwhateffect(s)onsociety?

a.Itbroughtareactionagainstfeudalsocietyandthemonopolyofreligion.

b.Itstressedthenotionofequalityforallcitizens.

c.Itwaslargelyinfluencedbythegrowthofscientificthinking.

d.Allofthesearecorrect.

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.02-DiscusstheEnlightenmentandhowitaffected

corrections.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

30.TheEnlightenmentproposedwhichofthefollowingideasforcorrectionalreform?

a.Arewritingofpenalcodestoincreasetheseverityofcriminalsanctions

b.Agreaterbeliefintheapplicationofpainasaspecificandgeneraldeterrent

c.Theinventionofthepenitentiary,whereincarceratedpeoplecouldbeisolatedfromthetemptationsofthe

outsideworld

d.Anincreaseinthenumberofcriminallawsand,asaresult,agrowthinthenumbersandtypesofincarcerated

people

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.03-IdentifythecontributionofCesareBeccariaandthe

classicalschool.

ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe

utilitarians.

ACOR.CLEA.19.02.05-DiscusstheworkofJohnHowardanditsinfluenceon

correctionalreform.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

31.Forthepurposeofdeterrenceoffuturecriminalacts,whichprinciple(s)didCesareBeccariabelieveweremost

valuableforcarryingoutapunishment?

a.Severity

b.Swiftness

c.Certainty

d.Bothswiftnessandcertainty

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

32.Thetermwergildreferstowhichofthefollowing?

a.Structuredrehabilitationforpeoplewhohavecommittedacrime

b.Anamountofmoneypaidtothevictimsofacrimeortotheirrelatives

c.Educationalprogramstopreventrepeatincarceration

d.Vocationalprogramstotrainpeoplewhohavecommittedacrimeinnewskills

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

33.HowwastheexistingsystemofjusticealteredduringtheEnlightenment?

a.Peoplereconsideredtheadministrationoflawandredefinedcorrections.

b.Duringthisperiod,theclassicalschoolofcriminologyemerged,withitsinsistenceonarationallinkbetween

thegravityofthecrimeandtheseverityofthepunishment.

c.Thesocialcontractandutilitarianismemphasizedlimitationsonthegovernmentandtheneedtoenacta

systemofpunishmentsthatwoulddeterpeoplefromcrime.

d.Allofthesearecorrect.

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.02-DiscusstheEnlightenmentandhowitaffected

corrections.

ACOR.CLEA.19.02.03-IdentifythecontributionofCesareBeccariaandthe

classicalschool.

ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe

utilitarians.

ACOR.CLEA.19.02.05-DiscusstheworkofJohnHowardanditsinfluenceon

correctionalreform.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

34._________anddeathhavebeenusedthroughouthistory;thesixteenththrougheighteenthcenturiesinGreat

BritainandEuropewereparticularlybrutal.

a.Imprisonment

b.Corporalpunishment

c.Benefitofclergy

35.WhichtimeperiodisknownastheEnlightenmentortheAgeofReason?

a.1700s

b.1600s

c.1800s

d.1900s

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe

utilitarians.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

36.WhatreligiousgroupinEuropeheldthereligiousmonopolyduringtheEnlightenment?

a.Islam

b.CatholicChurch

c.Judaism

d.Noneofthesearecorrect

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe

utilitarians.

KEYWORDS: Bloom's:Remember

37.Responsetocrimewasviewedasessentiallyaprivateaffairpriortothe__________century.

a.13th

b.17th

c.16th

d.19th

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

38.__________wasaleaderofcorrectionalreforminEnglandandthedeveloperofautilitarianapproachtocrime

andpunishment.

a.JeremyBentham

b.JohnHoward

c.CesareBeccaria

d.SirWalterCrofton

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe

utilitarians.

KEYWORDS: Bloom's:Remember

39.Wergilddevelopedasa__________.

a.bartersystem

b.methodforthekingtobringhissubjectsdirectlyunderhisrule

c.methodoftreatingprivatewrongsaspubliccrimes

d.systemofcompensationforprivatewrongscommittedagainstanother

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

40.Namethe18th-centuryscholarwhoappliedtherationalistphilosophyoftheEnlightenmenttothecriminaljustice

system.

a.CesareBeccaria

b.JeremyBentham

c.JohnHoward

d.HenryVIII

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe

utilitarians.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

41.Thelawofthecivilsocietyasdistinguishedfromchurchlawisknownas__________.

a.naturallaw

b.lextalionis

c.secularlaw

d.benefitofclergy

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

42.Benefitofclergywasextendedto__________.

a.allmendeemedworthybythekind

b.allwealthyaristocratsoftherealm

c.monksandnunsonly

d.allliteratepersons

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

43.The__________wasbornoutofconcernforthesinfulnessofsloth.

a.wergild

b.workhouse

c.penitentiary

d.bridewell

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

44.Theemphasisofthe________________ontheimportanceofhardworkandonthesinfulnessofslothsparked

Europeanreformerstourgethatsomemeansbeusedtoprovideworkfortheidlepoor.

a.JewishRestoration

b.ProtestantReformation

c.CatholicCrusades

d.SpanishInquisition

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom's:Remember

45._________________wereabandonedshipsthattheEnglishconvertedtoholdconvictsduringaperiodofprison

crowdingbetween1776and1790.

a.Hulks

b.Galleys

c.Cells

d.Workships

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

46.________________wasanEnglishprisonreformerwhoseresearchandwritingledtothepassageofthe

PenitentiaryActof1779bytheHouseofCommons.

a.FranklinShepard

b.JeremyBentham

c.MichaelRourke

d.JohnHoward

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.05-DiscusstheworkofJohnHowardanditsinfluenceon

correctionalreform.

KEYWORDS: Bloom's:Remember

47.---___________wereNOTconsideredtocomprisealargeportionofthosewhoweresentencedtoearlyEnglish

Bridewellhouses.

a.Orphans

b.Thepoor

c.Prostitutes

d.Serialmurderers

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

48.Ahouseof_________________________wasadetentionfacilitythatcombinedthemajorelementsofthe

workhouse,poorhouse,andpenalindustrybybothdiscipliningtheincarceratedindividualsandsettingthemtowork.

a.solitude

b.correction

c.penance

d.redemption

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

49.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTamedievalformofcapitalpunishment?

a.Beingflayedalive

b.Beingbrokenonthewheel

c.Beingsubjectedtotherack

d.Beingfedtolions

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

Matcheachitemtothephraseorsentencelistedbelow.

a.Punishmenttoabodyinflictingpain

b.Lawofcivilsociety

c.Forcedrowing

f. Therighttobetriedinecclesiasticalcourt

g.Retaliation

h.AgeofReason

i. Aformofbanishment

j. Freewillandseverepunishment

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

51.Classicalcriminology

ANSWER:j

52.Corporalpunishment

ANSWER:a

53.Enlightenment

ANSWER:h

54.Galleyslavery

ANSWER:c

55.Houseofcorrections

ANSWER:d

56.Hulk

ANSWER:i

57.Lextalionis

ANSWER:g

58.Secularlaw

ANSWER:b

CopyrightCengageLearning.PoweredbyCognero.Page16

59.Utilitarianism

ANSWER:e

60.Scholarspointtothe__________asthefirstcomprehensivestatementofprohibitedbehaviorsandthepunishments

foreach.

ANSWER: CodeofHammurabi

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

61.Becausepunishmentwasconsideredapowerfulgeneral__________,authoritiesfromthe16thtothe18thcenturies

inEuropecarriedoutsanctionsinthemarketsquareforalltosee.

ANSWER: deterrent

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

62.Eventuallyall__________peopleintheMiddleAgescouldclaimbenefitofclergy,protectionfromsecular

prosecutionbythechurch.

ANSWER: literate

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom's:Remember

63.Secularlawisoftenreferredtoasthe__________lawofsociety.

ANSWER: civil

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom's:Remember

64.Accordingtoscholars,theEnlightenmentwasareactionagainstfeudaland__________traditions.

ANSWER: monarchical

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.02-DiscusstheEnlightenmentandhowitaffected

corrections.

KEYWORDS: Bloom's:Remember

65.The____________schoolofcriminologyviewsbehaviorasstemmingfromfreewill.

ANSWER: classical

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.02-DiscusstheEnlightenmentandhowitaffected

corrections.

KEYWORDS: Bloom's:Remember

66.People_____________ofacrimehavearighttospeedytrialsandtohumanetreatmentbeforetrial.

ANSWER: accused

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe

utilitarians.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

67.Thedoctrinethattheaimofallactionshouldbethegreatestbalanceofpleasureoverpainandthatapunishment

inflictedonanindividualwhocommittedacrimemustachieveenoughgoodtooutweighthepainiscalled.

ANSWER: utilitarianism

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.02-DiscusstheEnlightenmentandhowitaffected

corrections.

KEYWORDS: Bloom's:Remember

68.Theforcedrowingoflargeshipsasaformofearlypunishmentwasknownas____________.

ANSWER: galleyslavery

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom's:Remember

69.___________________referstothepracticeofmovingindividualsconvictedofcrimesfromthecommunityto

anotherregionorland,oftenapenalcolony.

ANSWER: Transportation

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

70.__________________referstopunishmentinflictedontheconvictedperson’sbodywithwhipsorotherdevices

thatcausepain.

ANSWER: Corporalpunishment

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

71.Theperiodknownasthe______________________wasaculturalmovementinEnglandandFranceduringthe

1700s,whenconceptsofliberalism,rationality,equality,andindividualismdominatedsocialandpoliticalthinking.

ANSWER: EnlightenmentorAgeofReason

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.02-DiscusstheEnlightenmentandhowitaffected

corrections.

ACOR.CLEA.19.02.03-IdentifythecontributionofCesareBeccariaandthe

classicalschool.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember

72.Twopanopticon-styleprisonswereeventuallyconstructedinthestatesof________and________.

ANSWER: Pennsylvania;Illinois

Illinois;Pennsylvania

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe

utilitarians.

KEYWORDS: Bloom's:Remember

73.Moneypaidtorelativesofamurderedpersonortothevictimofacrimetocompensatethemandtopreventablood

feudiscalled___________.

ANSWER: wergild

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe

utilitarians.

KEYWORDS: Bloom's:Remember

74.Theterm_____________________,usedtodescribeahouseofcorrection,wasfirstusedduringthe16thcentury

inEngland.

ANSWER: BridewellHouse

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

75.Brieflysummarizethesocial,political,andscientificideasadvocatedduringtheEnlightenmentandthelastingeffect

theyhadoncorrectionalthinkingandpractices.

ANSWER: Answerswillvary.

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.02-DiscusstheEnlightenmentandhowitaffected

corrections.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Understand

76.Describethesocialmovementsleadinguptotheestablishmentofthefirsthousesofcorrection.Howdidthese

changesleadthedevelopmentoftheprisonsystem?

ANSWER: Answerswillvary.

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Understand

77.WhowasJohnHowardandwhatsignificancedidhehaveinregardtocorrectionalreform?Besuretolistand

explainhismajoraccomplishments.

ANSWER: Answerswillvary.

REFERENCES: TheAgeofCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.05-DiscusstheworkofJohnHowardanditsinfluenceon

correctionalreform.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Understand

78.Inyourownopinion,shouldtheUnitedStateslooktoincorporatepunishmentsthatitonceused,butlateroutlawedto

duetothecruelandharmfulnatureofsuchacts(e.g.,corporalpunishment,transportation)?Besuretofullyexplain

anddefendyouranswer.

ANSWER: Answerswillvary

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Understand

79.SupposeyouareafeudallandownerintheMiddleAges,andoneofyourtenantshasbeenfoundguiltyofstealing

fromyou.Whatrightswouldyouhaveindeterminingthetenant’spunishment,andwhatrightswouldthetenant

have?Howwouldthesituationdifferifthetenantwereanotherfeudallordlikeyourself?

ANSWER: Answerswillvary.

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Analyze

80.Imagineyouarealaborerin16th-centuryLondonwithafamilyoffourtosupport,andyoufindyourselfwithdebts

thatyoucannotpay.Whatconsequencesmightyouexpectfromthelaw?Howwouldthesituationdifferifyoufaced

thesamesituationinthe18thcentury?

ANSWER: Answerswillvary.

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.01-DescribethemajorformsofpunishmentfromtheMiddle

AgestotheAmericanRevolution.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Analyze

81.Supposeyouareanunskilledurbanlaborerin18th-centuryEnglandconvictedofrobbery,andyouaresentencedto

betransportedtotheAmericancolonies.Describewhatyoumightbeabletoexpectinyournewlifethere,as

comparedtotheoneyouleftbehind.

ANSWER: Answerswillvary.

REFERENCES: FromtheMiddleAgestotheAmericanRevolution

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.02-DiscusstheEnlightenmentandhowitaffected

corrections.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Analyze

82.SupposeyouareaciviljudgeinEnglandinthelate18thcenturywhohasreadCesareBeccaria’sbookOnCrimes

andPunishmentsandbecomeconvincedoftheprinciplesdefendedinit.Describehowyouroutlookmightaffect

yourphilosophyofsentencing,particularlyascomparedwithwhatmightbetypicalforthetime.

ANSWER: Answerswillvary.

REFERENCES: TheEnlightenmentandCorrectionalReform

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.03-IdentifythecontributionofCesareBeccariaandthe

classicalschool.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Analyze

83.Imagineyouarean18th-centurycorrectionsadministratorandafolloweroftheideasofJohnHoward.Describe

yourdesignofanidealprison.

ANSWER: Answerswillvary.

REFERENCES: JohnHowardandtheBirthofthePenitentiary

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.19.02.04-ExplainthecontributionofJeremyBenthamandthe

utilitarians.

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Analyze

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