1.SomehavearguedthattheU.S.prisonsystemisdesignedasawaytoimprisonAfricanAmericanmen.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: RaceintheCorrectionalContext
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.01-Analyzethemeaningofraceandethnicity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
2.SentencingfordrugcrimescontributestothehighincarcerationrateofAfricanAmericans.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
3.Foranygivencrime,AfricanAmericanyouthsaremorelikelytobearrestedthanwhiteyouths.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
4.Manyobserversbelievetherelationshipbetweenracismandthecriminaljusticesystemisreciprocal.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
5.Examinationofself-reportstudiesofcriminalityhasoftenrevealedthatAfricanAmericanandwhiteyouthsadmitto
similarparticipationlevelsincriminalanddeviantactivity.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
6.TherearemoreAfricanAmericanmeninprisonthanincollege.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: RaceintheCorrectionalContext
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
7.Racialdisparityinsentencingoccursmainlybecauseofovertracisminthecriminaljusticesystem.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Understand
8.Drugcrimesaretheonlyplaceweseediscriminatoryincarcerationrates.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.03-Describethesignificanceofraceandpunishment.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
9.Ethnicityrelatestoaperson’slanguage,religion,andgrouptraditions.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: TheConceptsofRaceandEthnicity
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.01-Analyzethemeaningofraceandethnicity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
10.Raceiscontroversialtotheextentthatithasbeenrecognizedashavingbothpoliticalandbiologicalimplications.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: RaceintheCorrectionalContext
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.01-Analyzethemeaningofraceandethnicity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
11.AfricanAmericansmakeuproughly13percentoftheentireU.S.population,butmakealmost35percentoftheU.S.
prisonpopulation.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: RaceintheCorrectionalContext
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.01-Analyzethemeaningofraceandethnicity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
12.Raceisasociologicalconceptusedtodistinguishpeoplebytheirculturalcharacteristics.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: TheConceptsofRaceandEthnicity
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
13.Hispanicsandwhitesaresubjectedtothecriminaljusticesystematmuchhigherratesthanblacks.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
14.Disparityoccurswhengroupsaredifferentiallytreatedwithoutregardtotheirbehaviororqualifications.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
15.Thereislittletonoevidencesupportingaviewthatpeopleofcolorareinherentlymorelikelytobeinvolvedincrime.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
16.DisparityofincomebyracialgroupsisnolongerabasiccharacteristicofU.S.society.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
17.WesternstatestendtohavethehighestincarcerationratesofAfricanAmericansintheUnitedStates.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
18.AslongassomegroupsintheUnitedStatesareunfairlyexcludedfromsociety’sopportunities,theywillhaveless
motivationtoobeyitslaws.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: TheSignificanceofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.03-Describethesignificanceofraceandpunishment.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
19.Thosewithafelonyconvictionarenotallowedtovote.Thisisreferredtoas_____________.
a.criminaldisability
b.civildeath
c.pervasivedisability
d.disenfranchisement
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
20.WhichpresidentsignedtheFairSentencingActeliminatingthemandatoryminimumsentenceforsimplepossession
ofcrackandpowdercocaine?
a.Obama
b.Bush
c.Trump
d.Clinton
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
21.ThefactthatAfricanAmericansandLatinosaresubjectedtothecriminaljusticesystematconsiderablyhigher
ratesthanotherethnicandracialgroupsis_____________.
a.indisputable
b.arguable
c.notborneoutbyresearch
d.amyth
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: RaceintheCorrectionalContext
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.01-Analyzethemeaningofraceandethnicity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
22.Intermsofculture,theUnitedStatesisa_____________.
a.homogenoussociety
b.meltingpot
c.disassimilatedculture
d.mosaic
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: TheConceptsofRaceandEthnicity
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.01-Analyzethemeaningofraceandethnicity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
23.Whengroupsaretreateddifferentlywithoutregardtotheirbehaviororqualifications,_______occurs.
a.ethnicity
b.homogeneity
c.disparity
d.discrimination
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
24.Insteadofclassifyingpeoplebypurelybiologicalcategories,socialscientistslookatgroupsofpeopleintermsof
_____________.
a.race
b.ethnicity
c.economics
d.propensitytowardcrime
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: TheConceptsofRaceandEthnicity
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.01-Analyzethemeaningofraceandethnicity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
25.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthethreethemesusetoexplainthecauseofracialdisparitiesinthecriminal
justicesystem?
a.Moremenofcolorendupincarceratedbecausetheycommitmorecrimes.
b.Thesystemisracistandtreatsmenofcolormoreharshly.
c.Thesystemrepresentsavehiclefortheexpressionofsocietalracism.
d.Menofcoloraremorecriminalthenwhitesbynature.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
26.ThegapbetweenunemploymentratesforAfricanAmericanmenandeveryothergroupinsocietyishigherwhen
_____________.
a.prisonsdonotallowincarceratedindividualstowork
b.menwhoarebehindbarsarereleased
c.menwhoarebehindbarsareincludedintheunemploymentrate
d.peopleinprisonarenotincludedintheunemploymentrate
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.03-Describethesignificanceofraceandpunishment.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
27.__________adultshavecommittedaseriousoffenseintheirlifetime.
a.Few
b.Most
c.Abouthalfof
d.All
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
28.Thevictim’sperceptionoftheraceoftheperpetrator_____________.
a.isusuallyaccurate.
b.differsfromtheraceofthosearrested.
c.hasinfluenceoversentencing.
d.isneitherherenorthere.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
29.Differentialcriminalitymeansthat_____________.
a.justiceinthecorrectionalsystemcannotbeensuredwithouteliminatingracialdisparities.
b.thecorrectionalsystemisvulnerabletochargesofracism.
c.discriminationaccountsforthedisproportionaterepresentationofminoritiesincorrections.
d.moreminoritieswillendupincorrectionsbecausetheycommitmoreandworsecrimes.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
30.WhichofthefollowingcontributestohighratesofincarcerationofAfricanAmericans?
a.Drugsentences
b.Poverty
c.Unemployment
d.Allofthesearecorrect
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
31.Criminaljusticeofficialsmakeavarietyofdecisionsthatdisadvantageminoritymales.Theseinclude
_____________.
a.wherepolicepatrol
b.thecostofbail
c.theabilitytohireaprivateattorney
d.Allofthesearecorrect
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
32.Evenwithoutdiscriminating,thecriminaljusticesystemcanexacerbateproblemsfacedbyminoritieswhenit
_____________.
a.doesnotallowpeopleconvictedoffeloniestovote
b.givessentencesinthesamewayregardlessofrace
c.penalizesthosewhohavefewerresources
d.doesnotaccountfortheoverrepresentationofminoritiesinjail
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: WhichIsIt:RaceorRacism?
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.03-Describethesignificanceofraceandpunishment.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
33.Recentsociologicalstudieshavedemonstratedthat_____________.
a.employersarehesitanttohireyoungmenwhohavebeeninprison.
b.employersaremorelikelytodoabackgroundcheckonyoungAfricanAmericanmen.
c.youngAfricanAmericanmenarebarredfrommanyformsofemployment.
d.employersarebothhesitanttohireyoungmenwhohavebeeninprisonandaremorelikelytodoa
backgroundcheckonyoungAfricanAmericanmen.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
34.ThehighpercentageofyoungAfricanAmericanmenbehindbarsresultsin_____________.
a.theirlackofearningawage
b.theirnotbeingabletoparentchildren
c.theirnotbeingabletosupporttheirpartners
d.Allofthesearecorrect
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: TheSignificanceofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.03-Describethesignificanceofraceandpunishment.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
35.AfricanAmericanmenborninthe_________aremorelikelytogotoprisonthantofinishafour-yeardegreeor
serveinthemilitary.
a.1960s
b.1970s
c.1980s
d.1990s
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: RaceintheCorrectionalContext
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.01-Analyzethemeaningofraceandethnicity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
36.Havingagreaterminoritypresenceincriminaljusticerolesofauthority_____________.
a.isnotpossibleduetosystematicracism
b.isenoughtobenefiteveryone
c.leadstodifferentjudgmentsaboutcases
d.willeradicateracismfromthecriminaljusticesystem
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: TheSignificanceofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.03-Describethesignificanceofraceandpunishment.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
37.AfricanAmericansmakeupalmost35percentoftheprisonpopulationbutonly__________ofallU.S.residents.
a.5percent
b.13percent
c.23percent
d.30percent
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: RaceintheCorrectionalContext
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.01-Analyzethemeaningofraceandethnicity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
38.ReferralstojuvenilecourtforAfricanAmericanmalesoccuratmorethan__________therateforwhites.
a.twice
b.fivetimes
c.triple
d.half
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: RaceintheCorrectionalContext
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.01-Analyzethemeaningofraceandethnicity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
39.OneinthreeAfricanAmericanmenare_____________.
a.onparole
b.onprobation
c.incollege
d.undercorrectionalsupervision
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: RaceintheCorrectionalContext
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.01-Analyzethemeaningofraceandethnicity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
40.Patternsofdisproportionaterepresentationinthecriminaljusticesystem_____________.
a.startwithjuveniles
b.arearuralphenomenon
c.havealwaysexisted
d.arearelativelynewoccurrence
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.01-Analyzethemeaningofraceandethnicity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
41.Whitestendtoadmittomore___________crimesthanAfricanAmericansorHispanicswhencompletingaself-
reportsurvey.
a.theft
b.drug
c.burglary
d.alcohol
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
42.________childrenarethemostlikelytoliveinpoverty.
a.Hispanic
b.AfricanAmerican
c.Asian
d.White
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.03-Describethesignificanceofraceandpunishment.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
43.Whichofthefollowingtypesofexplanationoftheoverrepresentationofpeopleofcolorinthecriminaljustice
systemisvulnerabletothechargeofracism?
a.Legal
b.Economical
c.Sociobiological
d.Sociological
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
44.Racial___________occursifpeoplewhoareotherwisesimilarintheircriminalityaretreateddifferentlybythe
criminaljusticesystembecauseoftheirrace.
a.discrimination
b.disparity
c.exploitation
d.favoritism
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
45.Youngpeoplewholiveinpovertyanddisadvantagemaydevelopwhathasbeencalled“____________,”which
includesagreaterwillingnesstocommitviolence.
a.alienation
b.malaise
c.socialanxiety
d.thecodeofthestreet
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
46.Unequaltreatmentofonegroupbythecriminaljusticesystem,comparedwiththetreatmentaffordedothergroups,
isreferredtoas______________.
a.bias
b.disparity
c.exploitation
d.discrimination
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
47.AfricanAmericansarenow_________________timesmorelikelythanwhitestobeincarceratedatsometimein
theirlifeinastateorfederalprison.
a.three
b.five
c.seven
d.10
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
Matcheachitemtothephraseorsentencelistedbelow.
a.Individualsareaskedtoreportontheirowncriminalbehavior
b.Inequalityoftreatment
c.Adifferenceexplainedbylegitimatefactors
d.Aconceptthatisoftentreatedasbiologicaleventhoughitisnot
e.Culturalcharacteristics
f. Saysthatwhitefearofblackswillbegreatestinareaswheretheproportionofblacksapproachesthatof
whites
g.Contributetohighercrimeratesandarealsocausedbythem
h.Themultiracial,multiethniccompositionofsociety
i. Aconsequenceofthoseconvictedoffeloniesnotbeingallowedtovote
j. Representationofthelawasanever-presentcontinuum
REFERENCES: Seethroughoutthechapter.
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.01-Analyzethemeaningofraceandethnicity.
ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
48.Race
ANSWER:d
49.Ethnicity
ANSWER:e
50.Self-reportstudies
ANSWER:a
51.Discrimination
ANSWER:b
52.Disparity
ANSWER:c
53.Mosaic
ANSWER:h
54.Statepresence
ANSWER:j
55.Socialproblems
ANSWER:g
56.Disenfranchisement
ANSWER:i
57.Racialthreathypothesis
ANSWER:f
58.Aninvestigationofbehavior(suchascriminalactivity)basedonasubject’sresponsesisa(n)__________.
ANSWER: self-reportstudy
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
59.___________distinguishespeopleaccordingtolanguage,religion,andgrouptraditions.
ANSWER: Ethnicity
REFERENCES: TheConceptsofRaceandEthnicity
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.01-Analyzethemeaningofraceandethnicity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
60.Racialdisparitiesbecomeracial__________ifpeoplewhoareotherwisesimilarintheircriminalityaretreated
differentlybythecriminaljusticesystem.
ANSWER: discrimination
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
61.Somepeopleclaimthateliminatingracismfromthecriminaljusticesystemisnotlikelytooccur,becausethesystem
isembeddedinalargerracist___________.
ANSWER: society
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
62.PresidentObamasignedtheFairSentencingActof___________,eliminatingmandatoryminimumsentencesfor
crackandpowdercocaineuse.
ANSWER: 2010
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
63.StudiesshowthatAfricanAmericanyouthshavesubstantially________ratesofuseofdrugs.
ANSWER: lower
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’sRemember
64.The___________hypothesisisthebeliefthatwhitefearofAfricanAmericansisleastwhenwhitesarethe
majority.
ANSWER: racialthreat
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
65.___________isadifferencebetweengroupsthatcanbeexplainedbylegitimatefactors.
ANSWER: Disparity
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
66.____________isassumedtobeabiologicalconceptthatdivideshumankindintocategoriesrelatedtoskincolorand
otherphysicalfeatures.
ANSWER: Race
REFERENCES: TheConceptsofRaceandEthnicity
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.01-Analyzethemeaningofraceandethnicity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
67.____________explanationsforcrimedisparitiesimplytheexistenceofa“criminalclass”ofpeoplewhoconstitute
anongoingdangertosociety.
ANSWER: Sociobiological
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.03-Describethesignificanceofraceandpunishment.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
68._________________suchaspoverty,single-parentfamilies,andunemploymentcontributetohighercrimerates.
ANSWER: Socialproblems
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
69.Thereiscontroversyaboutwhether__________criminalityisdisparityorresultsfromdiscrimination.
ANSWER: differential
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
70.Thedisparitybetween___________andpunishmentpatternsiskeytotheclaimbysomescholarsthatthecriminal
justicesystemisbiasedagainstminoritygroups.
ANSWER: crimerates
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
71.TheoverrepresentationofAfricanAmericansinthecriminaljusticesystemhasledto________________duetoa
lossofvotingrights.
ANSWER: disenfranchisement
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
72.Theperceptionofa__________oftheconvictedindividual’sraceoftendiffersfromtheraceofthosearrested.
ANSWER: victim
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
73.Racist_____________,itisargued,helpproducethehighercrimeratesamongminorities,andthenracistfearsof
minoritieshelpjustifytreatingthemmoreharshlywhentheyarecaught.
ANSWER: institutions
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Remember
74.Mandatorysentencingfor_____________crimes,startinginthe1980s,hasledtoarapidincreaseinincarceration
ratesofAfricanAmericans.
ANSWER: drug
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’sRemember
75.Listandexplainthreewaysinwhichthecriminaljusticesystemoperatestoallowforanoverrepresentationof
AfricanAmericansandLatinos/asinprisons.Giveoneexampleeachinvolvingthepolice,thecourts,andthe
correctionalsystem.
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Understand
76.DiscusstheimpactthatahighlevelofincarcerationhasonbothAfricanAmericanandLatinocommunities.
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Understand
77.Whatroledoesthesocietalperceptionoftheimpactofraceoncriminalityplayinthecriminaljusticesystem?
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
REFERENCES: RaceintheCorrectionalContext
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.01-Analyzethemeaningofraceandethnicity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Understand
78.Explaintheracialthreathypothesis.Inwhatareasdofactsaboutracialdisparitiessupportthishypothesis?
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
REFERENCES: TheSignificanceofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.03-Describethesignificanceofraceandpunishment.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Understand
79.Inyouropinion,whatcanorshouldbedonetoaddresstheoverrepresentationofminoritiesinthecriminaljustice
system?
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Evaluate
80.Whatimplicationsdothehighlevelsofincarcerationforminoritieshaveontheeffectivenessofcommunity-based
corrections?
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
REFERENCES: VisionsofRaceandPunishment
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.02-Explainhowvaryingvisionsofraceandpunishment
influenceourthinkingonthisissue.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Analyze
81.HowdosocialinequalitiesexperiencedbyAfricanAmericansasawholebearontheirrelationshiptothecriminal
justicesystem?
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
REFERENCES: RaceintheCorrectionalContext
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.01-Analyzethemeaningofraceandethnicity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Analyze
82.Explainhowthesocialdisadvantagesofminoritiesandcriminalpenaltiesrelatetoeachothercyclically,each
perpetuatingtheother.
ANSWER: Answerswillvary.
REFERENCES: WhichIsIt:RaceorRacism?
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ACOR.CLEA.16.19.03-Describethesignificanceofraceandpunishment.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s:Analyze