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Analysis
10. The cause of the dark colors on the Sistine Chapel ceiling is largely the result of _______.
a. a fire in the early twentieth century that caused minimal damage to the chapel
b. the mixing of dark colors by Michelangelo himself
c. animal glues used as varnishes by past restorers
d. paint used by critics who thought the colors Michelangelo used were too bright
e. none of these are correct
11. A tondo is _________.
a. a Renaissance philosophy of learning
b. the underlying structure of a stable composition
c. the grace and ease of Renaissance subject matter
d. thick layers of paint
e. a circular format in painting
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12. To the Venetian artist Titian, color was _________.
a. secondary to the subject matter
b. used as a central compositional element
c. muted to achieve neutral tones
d. used arbitrarily
e. used only for a sculptural element
13. Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of the Renaissance?
a. beauty
b. proportion
c. expressionism
d. grace
e. sense of human virtue
14. Which of the following figures was not a part of the base of Claus Sluter’s The Well of Moses?
a. Daniel
b. David
c. Jesus
d. Zechariah
e. Isaiah
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15. The main difference between the art of Northern Renaissance and that of the Italian Renaissance is
______.
a. the religious subject matter
b. the use of oil paint
c. the obsession with detail
d. the importance of the artist as genius
e. the inclusion of perspective
16. Peaches ripening are often seen as a symbol of ________.
a. ego
b. flamboyancy
c. sophistication
d. fertility
e. scarcity
17. Which German artist was known as “The Leonardo of the North?”
a. Pieter Bruegel
b. Jan van Eyck
c. Hans Holbein
d. Albrecht Dürer
e. Frans Hals
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Analysis
a. Incorrect. Bruegel was not considered the “Leonardo of the North.” See THE BEGINNING OF THE
NORTHERN RENAISSANCE.
b. Incorrect. Jan van Eyck was not considered the “Leonardo of the North.” See THE BEGINNING OF
THE NORTHERN RENAISSANCE.
c. Incorrect. Hans Holbein was not considered the “Leonardo of the North.” See THE BEGINNING OF
THE NORTHERN RENAISSANCE.
d. Correct. Albrecht Dürer was considered the “Leonardo of the North.” See THE BEGINNING OF THE
NORTHERN RENAISSANCE.
e. Incorrect. Frans Hals was not considered the “Leonardo of the North.” See THE BEGINNING OF THE
NORTHERN RENAISSANCE.
18. Which of the following artworks is a good example of secondary symbolism?
a. The Sistine Ceiling
b. Venus of Urbino
c. The Well of Moses
d. The Last Supper
e. Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride
19. Iconoclasm means ______.
a. the communication of signs and symbols
b. the destruction of religious imagery
c. a circular format
d. worshipping false gods
e. a popular subject matter
Analysis
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20. Which of the following paintings is one of the first genre paintings?
a. The Last Supper
b. School of Athens
c. Landscape with the fall of Icarus
d. The Isenheim Altarpiece
e. none of these are correct
SHORT ANSWER
1. What was the name of the chapel that Giotto created his famous frescoes? Why was it named that?
2. What is grazia and why is it important to the philosophy of the Renaissance?
3. Explain who the mythological figures are in Botticelli’s The Birth of Venus.
4. What are two ways in which Venetian painting was different from the paintings elsewhere in Italy?
5. Why did the painting Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride by Jan van Eyck serve as both portrait and
official document?
ESSAY
1. Explain how the use of space and the depiction of the figure changed from the Middle Ages to the
2. Both Ghiberti and Brunelleschi submitted panels for the baptistery doors in Florence, but only one won
the commission. Compare and contrast these two panels. Address the subject matter, how space was used,
3. What are three distinctions between the art of the early Renaissance and the art of the high
Renaissance? Compare and contrast two works of art in the same medium, one selected from the early
4. The Renaissance was a time of many “firsts” (innovations and developments) in art. Choose one
5. Explain how David by Michelangelo is seen as a symbol of Florence.
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Chapter 15
Drama and Light: Mannerism, The Baroque, and Rococo
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The highest goal of Mannerist art was _____.
a. a focus on the subject
b. emotions
c. a perfect balance
d. cool rationalism
e. elegance
2. In his painting The Last Supper, Tintoretto made his subject matter _____.
a. come to life
b. exciting
c. a combination of Titian’s color with Michelangelo’s design and drawing
d. dramatic
e. all of these are correct
3. El Greco was initially trained as an apprentice in _________.
a. sculpture
b. Byzantine icons
c. goldsmithing
d. architecture
e. Roman portrait busts
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4. Paintings by Caravaggio were considered controversial because he _____.
a. depicted religious subject matter
b. broke out against the traditions of the French academy
c. used allegorical symbolism protesting the Italian government
d. used everyday, average people off the street as models for the religious figures
e. was a Protestant in a largely Catholic environment
5. Caravaggio was known for his chiaroscuro; what does this term mean?
a. extreme naturalism
b. a dramatic contrast of light and dark
c. secular subject matter
d. disguising symbolism
e. none of these are correct
6. Artemisia Gentileschi often portrayed strong women as her subject matter because the artist
_________.
a. was a victim of sexual assault and wanted to portray women in powerful roles
b. didn’t know how to depict men very well
c. fought for gender equality in her protest art
d. wanted to strengthen the sentimentality of the subject
e. had physical limitations as a result of childhood illnesses
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7. Baroque art focused on ________.
a. dramatic effects in lighting
b. dynamic movement
c. naturalism in figures
d. tenebrism
e. all of these are correct
8. What type of sculpture did Bernini become most famous for?
a. low relief
b. portrait busts
c. complete sculptural environments
d. mythological figures
e. both a and b are correct
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9. A retalbo, like the one found in the Chapel of the Rosary in Mexico, is a ______.
a. retelling of a biblical story
b. stained glass window
c. highly detailed and sculptural doorway
d. shelf behind the altar
e. type of crucifix
10. The primary patron for Diego Velázquez was _________.
a. Pope Julius II
b. the Medici family
c. King Philip IV
d. individual middle class citizens
e. King Louis XIV
11. The viewpoint of Las Meninas is unusual because _____.
a. it uses aerial perspective
b. there are many vantage points
c. the viewer takes the perspective of the painting’s subjects
d. the elongated use of space is disorienting
e. all of these are correct
Analysis
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12. The term Rubenesque refers to the way that Peter Paul Rubens ________.
a. created a dramatic tension of lights and darks
b. used bright cheery colors in his art
c. portrayed the natural glory of pudgy women
d. painted his religious scenes
e. pursued his commissions
13. Alla prima in painting refers to _________.
a. ballerinas as subject matter
b. the quick way that paintings were done in one sitting
c. a thick application of paint
d. the building up of layers of glaze in painting
e. the high contrast of lights and darks in a painting
14. What is one reason that commissions for portraits increased in the seventeenth century in the Dutch
Republic?
a. The Dutch Republic was a Protestant nation.
b. Portraits were a new subject matter for painting.
c. There were more painters.
d. Demand for religious subject matter decreased.
e. Both a and d are correct.
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Analysis
a. Incorrect. While the Dutch Republic’s identity as a Protestant nation had an effect on commissions, this
is not the complete answer. See THE BAROQUE PERIOD IN THE NORTH.
b. Incorrect. Portraits have been an important subject matter in art for many centuries in many nations.
See THE BAROQUE PERIOD IN THE NORTH.
c. Incorrect. More painters did not lead to more demand for portraits. See THE BAROQUE PERIOD IN
THE NORTH.
d. Incorrect. While the decrease in demand for religious paintings did affect commissions, this is not the
complete answer. See THE BAROQUE PERIOD IN THE NORTH.
e. Correct. Because the Dutch Republic was Protestant there was a decrease in demand for religious
paintings, which in turn lead to an increase in portraiture. See THE BAROQUE PERIOD IN THE
NORTH.
15. Rembrandt van Rijn’s painting Sortie of Captain Banning Cocq’s Company of the Civic Guard
______.
a. is a group portrait of the Civic Guard
b. was not received well by the members of the Civic Guard who are obscured in the work
c. included a ghost-like image of his wife who died that same year
d. marked a turning point in the number of commissions Rembrandt received
e. all of these are correct
16. Which of the following is NOT a doctrine of French Baroque Classicism?
a. Reject Naturalism.
b. Depict noble and serious thoughts.
c. Create images that have logic and order.
d. Depict things as they really are.
e. Depict great themes to raise viewers up.
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Analysis
a. Incorrect. Rejecting naturalism was a doctrine of French Baroque Classicism. See THE BAROQUE IN
FRANCE.
b. Incorrect. Depicting noble and serious thoughts was a doctrine of French Baroque Classicism. See THE
BAROQUE IN FRANCE.
c. Incorrect. Creating images that have logic and order was a doctrine of French Baroque Classicism. See
THE BAROQUE IN FRANCE.
d. Correct. Depicting things as they really are was not a doctrine of French Baroque Classicism. See THE
BAROQUE IN FRANCE.
e. Incorrect. Depicting great themes to raise viewers up was a doctrine of French Baroque Classicism. See
THE BAROQUE IN FRANCE.
17. Louis XIV was also known as the _____ King.
a. Mirror
b. Sun
c. Architecture
d. Garden
e. Luxury
18. Aristocracy, playfulness, and romantic love were all characteristics of _______.
a. Mannerism
b. Italian Baroque
c. French Baroque
d. Rococo
e. Dutch Baroque
19. Which French artist was the preeminent painter of the Rococo period?
a. Rembrandt
b. Hals
c. Poussin
d. Watteau
e. Caravaggio
20. Which artist, a prodigy as a child, was patronized by Marie Antoinette for more than twenty royal
portraits?
a. Watteau
b. Poussin
c. Vigée-Lebrun
d. Rembrandt
e. Fragonard
SHORT ANSWER
1. What did the Mannerists believe was the most elegant way to portray the body?
2. What are three characteristics of Baroque art?
3. How did Bernini incorporate light into his works in the Cornaro Chapel and the Throne of Saint Peter?
4. Why did the artwork created by Peter Paul Rubens appeal to the aristocracy?
5. What events led to Rembrandt declaring bankruptcy?
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ESSAY
1. Explain the effect that the Counter-Reformation had upon artwork of Catholic countries. Cite at least
2. El Greco’s artistic style is a fusion of two different Italian styles. Identify the two styles and explain
5. What was the subject matter in the Baroque art of Holland? Why was it different from Baroque art of
Italy?
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Chapter 16
The Battle of the Ism’s: Neoclassicism, Romanticism, and
Realism
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The word __________ was first used to describe art that was wild and imaginative during the
Mannerist period.
a. modern
b. neoclassical
c. romantic
d. academic
e. none of these are correct
2. All of the following are true of the Enlightenment except ______.
a. the value of rationality over faith, sense, and emotions
b. it was an age of great scientists and mathematicians
c. that the world was getting better and that humans were capable of improving their own lives
d. the value of self-expression
e. the idea of progress was embraced
Analysis
136
3. A form of art in which human characters personify certain qualities or ideals is called a(n) ______.
a. painterly style
b. allegory
c. linear style
d. naturalistic style
e. none of these are correct
4. The movement known for a deep love of nature and the landscape, as well as an emphasis on a personal
viewpoint instead of an adherence to Classical rules, is named ______.
a. Modernism
b. Romanticism
c. Neoclassicism
d. Realism
e. naturalism
5. The style of _______________ was a visual expression of the ideas of the Enlightenment, of value and
order, and a rejection of both the high drama and murky atmosphere of Baroque art and the misty
sentimentality of the Rococo.
a. Classicism
b. Romanticism
c. Neoclassicism
d. Realism
e. naturalism
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Analysis
a. Incorrect. Though Classical values were important in the style that arose in association with the
Enlightenment, this is not what it was called. See NEOCLASSICISM.
b. Incorrect. Romanticism departed ways with the values and orderliness of the Enlightenment. See
NEOCLASSICISM.
c. Correct. The Neoclassic style was a visual expression of the values of the Enlightenment. See
NEOCLASSICISM.
d. Incorrect. Realism was not a style that upheld the values of the Enlightenment. See
NEOCLASSICISM.
e. Incorrect. Naturalism was not a style that upheld the values of the Enlightenment. See
NEOCLASSICISM.
6. Paintings of moral lessons, such as Angelica Kauffmann’s Cornelia Pointing to Her Children as Her
Treasures, that educate and improve the viewer are called ______.
a. academic paintings
b. revolutionary paintings
c. landscape paintings
d. history paintings
e. none of these are correct
7. Which of the following stylistic choices is NOT true of Angelica Kauffmann’s Cornelia Pointing to
Her Children as Her Treasures?
a. clear, bright colors
b. crisp lines
c. plain background
d. murky shades
e. both d and c are correct
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8. In The Oath of the Horatii, Jacques-Louis David emphasized the virtues of ______.
a. patriotism
b. self-sacrifice
c. fidelity
d. only a and b are correct
e. a, b, and c are correct
9. Jacques-Louis David was the artist, spokesman, and historian, as well as a firm supporter of the
______.
a. Romanticism
b. French Revolution
c. Royal Academy
d. Hudson River School
e. none of these are correct
10. The ambition of the Spaniard _________________ was to become a painter to the court, which he did
not accomplish until he was forty-three years old.
a. Jacques-Louis David
b. Francisco Goya
c. Théodore Géricault
d. Eugène Delacroix
e. Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
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11. What is one theme of Goya’s painting The Third of May, 1808?
a. the importance of religion
b. class struggle
c. insanity
d. political cruelty
e. none of these are correct
12. The ______________ artists rejected much of the logic and order of Neoclassicism and instead
looked inside themselves to discover truth.
a. Mannerists
b. Realist
c. Romantic
d. Hudson River School
e. none of these are correct
13. What is a theme of J.M.W. Turner’s painting Slave Ship (Slavers Throwing Over-board the Dead and
Dying, Typhoon Coming On)?
a. the overwhelming power of nature
b. the utter cruelty of human greed
c. the power of the navy
d. both a and b are correct
e. none of these are correct
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Analysis
a. Incorrect. While Turner does paint the overwhelming power of nature in this picture, this is not the
complete answer. See ROMANTICISM.
b. Incorrect. While Turner does paint the utter cruelty of human greed in this picture, this is not the
complete answer. See ROMANTICISM.
c. Incorrect. Turner is not interested in the navy in this picture. See ROMANTICISM.
d. Correct. Turner captures both the overwhelming power of nature and the utter and cruel greed of the
slave owners in this painting. See ROMANTICISM.
e. Incorrect. Turner depicts both the overwhelming power of nature and the utter and cruel greed of the
slave owners in this painting. See ROMANTICISM.
14. The Hudson River School was founded by
a. Thomas Cole
b. Frederick Edwin Church
c. John Nash
d. J.M.W. Turner
e. Caspar David Friedrich
Analysis
15. What helped lead to Frederick Edwin Church’s popularity?
a. His paintings expressed a sense of nostalgia.
b. He painted portraits of the elite.
c. His painting depicted the grandeur of nature.
d. Both a and c are correct.
e. None of these are correct.