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Analysis
6. Which of the following is not true about Emperor Qin Shi Huang?
a. His dynasty was the first to unite a large portion of China under a single ruler.
b. His tomb was surrounded by more than ten thousand life-size figures.
c. His tomb was surrounded by an entire sculpted army, including horses and chariots.
d. His tomb was surrounded by more than ten thousand life-sized figures, all bearing his likeness.
e. His burial site is one of the most remarkable tombs ever discovered.
Analysis
7. What are the characteristics of the life-sized sculptures found in Qin-Shi Huang’s tomb?
a. They were painted.
b. They are individual portraits of real soldiers.
c. Each originally carried real weapons.
d. Some of the sculptures bear the names of the sculptors.
e. All of these are correct.
Analysis
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8. The Greek Hellenistic homeland was divided into relatively small states that competed with each other
economically and sometimes politically. Despite this fragmentation, all of the following united the Greeks
except ______.
a. a common language
b. a common religion
c. a common leader
d. a sophisticated literature and art
e. a love of athletics
Analysis
9. According to Greek mythology, the immortal gods lived on _____ even though they often visited earth.
a. Mount Olympus
b. the Acropolis
c. the Parthenon
d. the Pantheon
e. none of these are correct
Analysis
10. During the fourth and fifth centuries BC, literary, theatrical, musical, and visual arts flourished in
Greece on a level unmatched until the Renaissance some two thousand years later. This period in
Greece’s history is referred to as the ______.
a. Roman Empire
b. Stone Age
c. Bronze Age
d. Hellenistic Age
e. Classical Age
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Analysis
a. Incorrect. Though the Roman Empire plays an important role in Greece’s history, that is not what this
period is called. See THE CLASSICAL WORLD: GREECE.
b. Incorrect. The Stone Age long predates this period of artistic flourishing in Greece’s history. See THE
CLASSICAL WORLD: GREECE.
c. Incorrect. The Bronze Age predates this period of artistic flourishing in Greece’s history. See THE
CLASSICAL WORLD: GREECE.
d. Incorrect. The Hellenistic Age is an important artistic period in Greece’s history, but it comes after the
fourth and fifth centuries BC. See THE CLASSICAL WORLD: GREECE.
e. Correct. This period of artistic flourishing is called the Classical Age. See THE CLASSICAL
WORLD: GREECE.
11. Of all of the buildings constructed by Pericles on the Athenian Acropolis, the _____, which means “to
the virgin,” is considered the most important.
a. The Great Stupa
b. Pantheon
c. Parthenon
d. Colosseum
e. none of these are correct
12. British ________________ is credited with removing the sculptures from the pediment of the
Parthenon. Today, these sculptures are housed in the British Museum.
a. Lord Elgin
b. Athena
c. Trajan
d. Emperor Augustus
e. none of these are correct
Analysis
104
13. Greek statues represent the ideal beauty of the human form—youth, strength, grace; they do this by
appearing more life-like, or ___________________, than statues of previous cultures such as the
Egyptians.
a. heroic
b. stoic
c. naturalistic
d. all of these are correct
e. none of these are correct
14. Discobolos, or Discus Thrower, originally cast in bronze by Myron, is an excellent example of
_______, a philosophy of dignity and self-control.
a. heroism
b. stoicism
c. naturalism
d. all of these are correct
e. none of these are correct
15. What is a colonnade?
a. a kind of lintel
b. a series of arches
c. a type of roof design
d. a row of columns
e. none of these are correct
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Analysis
a. Incorrect. Though the post and lintel construction is essential in a colonnade, a lintel is not a kind of
colonnade. See THE CLASSICAL WORLD: GREECE.
b. Incorrect. A series of arches is called an arcade. See THE CLASSICAL WORLD: GREECE.
c. Incorrect. A colonnade is not a type of roof design. See THE CLASSICAL WORLD: GREECE.
d. Correct. A colonnade is a row of columns and a common feature in classical architecture. See THE
CLASSICAL WORLD: GREECE.
e. Incorrect. A colonnade is a row of columns and a common feature in classical architecture. See THE
CLASSICAL WORLD: GREECE.
16. Which of the following is characteristic of the Hellenistic style sculptures?
a. more dramatic
b. more complex
c. more restrained
d. more rigid
e. a and b
17. The _______________, in which the arch was a key to the support of the structure, was a gift of the
imperial family to the people of Rome.
a. Parthenon
b. Pantheon
c. Acropolis
d. Arch of Constantine
e. Colosseum
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18. In addition to their use of the arch, the Romans developed the architectural feature of the dome. The
most beautiful domed monument from ancient times is the ___________, a temple dedicated to all of the
Roman gods and goddesses.
a. Parthenon
b. Pantheon
c. Acropolis
d. Arch of Constantine
e. The Great Stupa
19. A ____________ image is built up of tiny pieces, or tiles, of colored stone, ceramic, or glass, all fitted
together in an intricate puzzle to form the desired pattern or picture.
a. rotunda
b. fresco
c. villa
d. mosaic
e. none of these are correct
20. Which of the following is one of the most unique elements of the Arch of Constantine?
a. It is the first use of an arch.
b. It does not glorify an Roman emperor.
c. It used previously existing sculptures from other monuments.
d. It is an early Christian monument.
e. It depicts violent scenes of battle.
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Analysis
a. Incorrect. There were many triumphal arches in Rome when the Arch of Constantine was built. See
THE CLASSICAL WORLD: ROME.
b. Incorrect. It does glorify the Roman emperor, Constantine. See THE CLASSICAL WORLD: ROME.
c. Correct. It does use previously existing sculptures in different styles from earlier monuments. See THE
CLASSICAL WORLD: ROME.
d. Incorrect. Though Constantine was a crucial figure in early Christianity, this monument is not a
Christian one. See THE CLASSICAL WORLD: ROME.
e. Incorrect. Though it does depict scenes of battle, earlier monuments do as well. See THE CLASSICAL
WORLD: ROME.
SHORT ANSWER
1. List the cultural characteristics used by historians when identifying civilizations. Egypt, Classical
Greece and Rome all share these characteristics.
2. Describe the coffin of King Tut in detail.
3. Give an example of Hellenistic sculpture and describe the distinctly Hellenistic style it exhibits.
4. What is a stupa?
5. What are some of the ways Augustus expresses his identity in the Augustus of Prima Porta?
ESSAY
1. Discuss the importance of the artwork created during the rule of Akhenaten. How do the depictions of
2. Describe the burial site of Emperor Qin Shi Huang. Compare his burial site to that of an Egyptian
pharaoh, such as King Tut or Ramses II. What are the similarities and differences between each culture’s
3. Consider Elgin marbles. What is the controversy surrounding these sculptures? What are arguments for
4. Compare and contrast Discobolos, a Roman marble copy of a bronze by Myron, with Mycerinus and
5. Describe the features and function of the Column of Trajan.
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Chapter 13
The Age of Faith
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The ________________ faith forbids visual representations of Allah, and therefore consists of
decorative motifs, and geometric or organic patterns.
a. Buddhist
b. Christian
c. Jewish
d. Moslem
e. none of these are correct
2. The debate about whether or not to allow two-dimensional pictures in the early Christian Church, was
settled by __________________, who said “Painting can do for the illiterate what writing does for those
who read.”
a. Pope Gregory the Great
b. Constantine the Great
c. Alexander the Great
d. Emperor Justinian
e. none of these are correct
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3. Because they had no alternative artistic tradition of their own to draw from, early representations of
Christ often show him as ______.
a. a Roman Emperor
b. the Good Shepherd
c. a young man like the Greek god Apollo
d. both b and c are correct
e. none of these are correct
4. In which medium are the depictions of Justinian and Theodora in San Vitale made?
a. panel painting
b. low relief sculpture
c. fresco
d. mosaic
e. freestanding sculpture
5. What kind of art was common for early medieval Germanic tribes?
a. small figurines
b. mosaics
c. monumental architecture
d. portable metalwork
e. both b and d are correct
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Analysis
a. Incorrect. Though these tribes often made small scale artworks, human figures are not a typical subject
matter. See THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES.
b. Incorrect. These tribes were often too itinerant to make use of such a permanent medium. See THE
EARLY MIDDLE AGES.
c. Incorrect. Though these tribes did build architecture, these buildings were not permanent and
monumental. See THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES.
d. Correct. The rulers of these tribes would wear these intricate metal objects as symbols of their riches
and power. See THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES.
e. Incorrect. While portable metalwork was an important type of artwork for these tribes, mosaics were
not. See THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES.
6. Elaborate illustration of manuscripts, especially of the Christian New Testament, were prepared in
_________________ by individuals who had devoted their lives to the glorification of God.
a. Rome
b. monasteries
c. temples
d. San Miniato al Monte
e. none of these are correct
Analysis
7. The art and culture of the Americas before European contact is called ______.
a. pre-Columbian
b. pre-European
c. pre-Mesoamerican
d. pre-Christian
e. pre-Classical
111
8. All of the following are true about Mayan pyramids except ______.
a. Mayan pyramids were a place where priests and rulers performed religious rites
b. Mayan pyramids were part of a huge plan and surrounded by open spaces
c. Mayan pyramids were religious sites
d. Mayan pyramids were tombs
e. none of these are correct
9. In Islamic architecture, the main axis of the building was oriented to face in the direction of Mecca, the
holy city, and this direction was visually emphasized by a ___________, or niche.
a. trumeau
b. mosaic
c. mihrab
d. barrel vault
e. minaret
Analysis
10. In what ways has the Hagia Sophia functioned in its long history?
a. a Christian church
b. a Moslem mosque
c. a museum
d. none of these are correct
e. all of these are correct
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Analysis
a. Incorrect. While the Hagia Sophia was built as a Christian church, this is not the complete answer. See
THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES.
b. Incorrect. While the Hagia Sophia was used as a Moslem mosque, this is not the complete answer. See
THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES.
c. Incorrect. While the Hagia Sophia is currently a museum, this is not the complete answer. See THE
EARLY MIDDLE AGES.
d. Incorrect. The Hagia Sophia has functioned in each of these ways in its history. See THE EARLY
MIDDLE AGES.
e. Correct. The Hagia Sophia has functioned in each of these ways in its history. See THE EARLY
MIDDLE AGES.
11. The Buddha was able to escape what Hindus believed was the endless cycle of life, death, and rebirth
and attain ______________, a state of endless bliss.
a. mihrab
b. nirvana
c. karma
d. all of these are correct
e. none of these are correct
12. In Hinduism, the concept of ________________ determines one’s fate: the deeds of one’s lifetime
influence one’s status in the next.
a. mihrab
b. nirvana
c. karma
d. sacred mountain
e. calendar
113
13. Which of the following is true concerning the exterior carvings on the Jagadambi Temple in
Khajuraho, India?
a. The figures are erotic.
b. The figures are rigid and stoic.
c. The figures are a symbol of guilt or shame.
d. The figures are a symbol of the union of the human with the divine.
e. Both a and d are correct.
14. What do the tiny Buddha figures proceeding from the mouth in Kosho’s sculpture, Portrait statue of
the priest Kuya preaching, signify?
a. his merging identity with the Buddha
b. the sound of his repeated prayer
c. that the Buddha is always present
d. none of these are correct
e. both a and b are correct
15. The art of the Middle Ages, such as Adam and Eve Reproached by the Lord in Hildesheim, Germany,
appears to be almost obsessed with the ideas of ______.
a. nirvana
b. Adam and Eve
c. death and sin
d. karma
e. the Annunciation
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b. Incorrect. While Adam and Eve are represented, their presence refers to another theme. See THE
MIDDLE AGES.
c. Correct. These images seem to be obsessed with death and sin. See THE MIDDLE AGES.
d. Incorrect. Karma was not a Christian concept. See THE MIDDLE AGES.
e. Incorrect. These images are very different in theme and subject matter from the Annunciation scenes.
See THE MIDDLE AGES.
16. The Prophet Jeremiah from Saint Pierre, Moissac, France, is carved into the ______.
a. trumeau
b. mosaic
c. mihrab
d. barrel vault
e. minaret
17. By the early Middle Ages, the basic shape of Christian churches had evolved into that of a so-called
Latin cross, with a long, rectangular room, or ___________, crossed by a shorter rectangular
______________ that ran perpendicular to the main space.
a. transept; ribbed vault
b. transept; nave
c. nave; transept
d. nave; buttress
e. trumeau; nave
18. As one of the unique features of Gothic architecture, the ______________ made it possible for
churches to become much taller than had previously been possible.
a. pointed arch
b. ribbed vault
c. exterior buttresses
d. stained glass windows
e. barrel vault
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Analysis
a. Correct. The pointed arch allowed churches to reach much taller heights. See THE MIDDLE AGES.
b. Incorrect. While the ribbed vault is a standard feature in Gothic architecture, this is not the device that
allowed new heights. See THE MIDDLE AGES.
c. Incorrect. While the exterior buttresses are a standard feature in Gothic architecture, this is not the
device that allowed new heights. See THE MIDDLE AGES.
d. Incorrect. While stained glass windows are a standard feature in Gothic architecture, this is not the
device that allowed new heights. See THE MIDDLE AGES.
e. Incorrect. The barrel vault was not often used in Gothic buildings. See THE MIDDLE AGES.
19. In comparison with Gothic architecture, Medieval Italian churches tended to be more ______.
a. plain and controlled
b. spacious and ornate
c. organic and open
d. geometric and solid
e. none of these are correct
20. Which stylistic model did Nicola Pisano draw upon for his mid-thirteenth century relief sculpture of
the Annunciation?
a. Greek
b. Germanic
c. Roman
d. French
e. both a and c are correct
116
SHORT ANSWER
1. Who was Emperor Justinian and why is he important?
2. In what ways are images important to the Christian religion?
3. Describe the typical golden and jeweled Germanic style objects created by the Angles and Saxons
4. What is the dance of Shiva and what does it symbolize?
5. Who was Abbot Suger and why was he important to the development of Gothic architecture?
ESSAY
1. What are the five duties stressed by the Moslem religion?
2. Compare and contrast the Seated Buddha Preaching the First Sermon from Sarnath, India with Christ
3. Describe in detail the Last Judgment from the west tympanum of Saint Lazare, Autun. What is the
4. In what ways do the design of religious buildings represent the beliefs of each religion? Give at least
5. Describe the differences between Romanesque and Gothic styles of architecture.
117
Chapter 14
The Renaissance
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Giotto’s genius as a painter was recognized by his friend and contemporary ______ in the epic poem
______.
a. Dante; Divine Comedy
b. Chaucer; Canterbury Tales
c. Petrarch; Canzoniere
d. Machiavelli; The Prince
e. Castiglione; The Book of the Courtier
Analysis
2. The word renaissance means __________.
a. to know something thoroughly
b. rebirth
c. to create something from nothing
d. to reinvent
e. celebration
3. The prominent ruling family in Florence, the__________ family, made their money in banking and
were great patrons of the arts.
a. Scrovegni
b. Bernini
c. Ghiberti
d. Medici
e. Brunelleschi
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Analysis
a. Incorrect. The Scrovegni family was not the prominent ruling family in renaissance Florence. See
EARLY RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE.
b. Incorrect. Though Bernini was an important Italian sculptor, the Bernini family was not the ruling
family in Florence. See EARLY RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE.
c. Incorrect. Though Ghiberti was an important figure in the Italian Renaissance, the Ghiberti family was
not a ruling family in Florence. See EARLY RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE.
d. Correct. The Medici family was the prominent ruling family in renaissance Florence. See EARLY
RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE.
e. Incorrect. Though Brunelleschi was an important figure in the Italian Renaissance, the Brunelleschi
family was not a ruling family in Florence. See EARLY RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE AND
ARCHITECTURE.
4. The sculptor who won a commission to design the doors of the baptistery in Florence was ________.
a. Lorenzo Ghiberti
b. Filippo Brunelleschi
c. Michelangelo
d. Donatello
e. Nanni di Banco
5. What was Brunelleschi’s inspiration for his Dome of the Florence Cathedral?
a. Amiens Cathedral in France
b. Islamic architecture
c. Ancient Roman architecture, such as the Pantheon
d. the pyramids of Ancient Egypt
e. Michelangelo’s dome of Saint Peter’s Basilica
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Analysis
a. Incorrect. French Gothic cathedrals were not influential on Italian renaissance buildings. See EARLY
RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE.
b. Incorrect. Though Islamic mosques had domes, they were not important models for Brunelleschi’s
designs. See EARLY RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE.
c. Correct. Ancient Roman architecture, such as the Pantheon, was the inspiration for Brunelleschi. See
EARLY RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE.
d. Incorrect. The pyramids of ancient Egypt were not an inspiration for Brunelleschi. See EARLY
RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE.
e. Incorrect. Michelangelo’s dome had not yet been built. See EARLY RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE
AND ARCHITECTURE.
6. The High Renaissance style is characterized by figures who _________.
a. are stiff
b. have a cold clarity
c. have hard edges
d. have a subtle, muted light and looks like a dream
e. all of these are correct
7. The term “Renaissance Man” is applied to someone who ________.
a. was born during the Renaissance
b. is skilled in many different fields
c. is in a Shakespearean play
d. had their portrait painted between the years of 1500–1525
e. all of these are correct
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Analysis
a. Incorrect. Though it was figures from this period that inspired the term, it does not mean someone who
was born during the Renaissance. See EARLY RENAISSANCE PAINTING: MASTERING
PERSPECTIVE.
b. Correct. The term “Renaissance Man” means someone who is skilled in many different fields. See
EARLY RENAISSANCE PAINTING: MASTERING PERSPECTIVE.
c. Incorrect. The term “Renaissance Man” does not mean someone is in a Shakespeare play. See EARLY
RENAISSANCE PAINTING: MASTERING PERSPECTIVE.
d. Incorrect. The term “Renaissance Man” does not mean someone had their portrait painted between the
years of 1500–1525. See EARLY RENAISSANCE PAINTING: MASTERING PERSPECTIVE.
e. Incorrect. The term “Renaissance Man” means someone who is skilled in many different fields. See
EARLY RENAISSANCE PAINTING: MASTERING PERSPECTIVE.
8. A major papal patron during the High Renaissance who commissioned the frescoes on the Sistine
Chapel ceiling was _______.
a. Pope John Paul II
b. Pope Julius II
c. Pope Leo X
d. King Charles I
e. Cardinal Giovanni de’ Medici
9. When Michelangelo was commissioned to paint the ceiling on the Sistine Chapel ceiling, he was still
working on __________.
a. the Pieta
b. David
c. the sculptural tomb for Pope Julius II
d. the planning of the campidoglio
e. St. Peter’s Basilica