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Chapter 10
Architecture
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Architecture was called “the most public of arts” by the architect _________.
a. Le Corbusier
b. Frank Lloyd Wright
c. Walter Gropius
d. Louis Sullivan
e. Philip Johnson
2. The Kaufman House by Frank Lloyd Wright is built over a _______.
a. mountain
b. valley
c. waterfall
d. lake
e. canyon
3. A floor plan shows the view of a building ________.
a. from above
b. from the side
c. in three dimensions
d. in a cross section
e. all of these are correct
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Analysis
a. Correct. A floor plan uses a geometric view from above in order to show the layout of rooms, walls,
and other structural elements of a building. See THE ART OF ARCHITECTURE.
b. Incorrect. The side view of a building is an important aspect for an architect to take into account, but
this view is not called a floor plan. See THE ART OF ARCHITECTURE.
c. Incorrect. A floor plan is typically a flat, two-dimensional image. See THE ART OF
ARCHITECTURE.
d. Incorrect. A cross section of a building shows the vertical structure; this is not called a floor plan. See
THE ART OF ARCHITECTURE.
e. Incorrect. A floor plan is a flat view of a building from above. See THE ART OF ARCHITECTURE.
4. Early Islamic architecture used decorative patterns to decorate the mosques because _________.
a. Muslim artists didn’t know how to draw the figure
b. realistic and representational images were rejected as idolatrous
c. it was less expensive to use pattern than any other type of depictions
d. the religious stories were too complex to re-create
e. patterned pieces were easier to mass produce for large scale work
5. The word vernacular means ____________.
a. religious style
b. modular homes
c. traditional, local style
d. democratic
e. limited to a small group of people
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6. A structure that is meant to be circumambulated is __________.
a. the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
b. the Seagram Building
c. Borobudur
d. Dome of the Rock
e. Trans World Airlines
7. Angkor Wat symbolizes ______________.
a. the world mountain
b. the natural state of human kind
c. money and power
d. the heavens above
e. the spiritual journey of Buddha
Analysis
8. The Parthenon was devoted to ________, the patron deity of the city.
a. Zeus
b. Olympus
c. Persephone
d. Athena
e. Demeter
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Analysis
a. Incorrect. Though Zeus was an important deity for these city-states, the Parthenon was not devoted to
him. See THE ART OF ARCHITECTURE.
b. Incorrect. Olympus was the home of the gods, and was not a patron deity. See THE ART OF
ARCHITECTURE.
c. Incorrect. The Parthenon was not devoted to Persephone. See THE ART OF ARCHITECTURE.
d. Correct. The Parthenon was devoted to Athena who gives her name to the city that built it: Athens.
e. Incorrect. The Parthenon was not devoted to Demeter. See THE ART OF ARCHITECTURE.
9. Acropolis means __________.
a. “tightrope”
b. “spiritual leader”
c. “dedicated to all the gods”
d. “city of lights”
e. “high place”
10. Why is the Parthenon in ruins today?
a. Over time, the structure deteriorated.
b. It was bombed during World War II in the twentieth century.
c. It was hit by a rocket in the seventeenth century, and blew up from stored gunpowder.
d. The Ancient Romans dismantled the structure for war booty.
e. Christians wanted to destroy one of the last remaining pagan temples.
Analysis
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11. Volutes are the primary ornament on a _____ column.
a. Doric
b. Ionic
c. Corinthian
d. Composite
e. Tuscan
12. Another word for stone is _________.
a. adobe
b. masonry
c. ferroconcrete
d. truss
e. cantilever
13. A benefit of the arch over the post-and-lintel system is that the arch _________.
a. is a more interesting shape
b. can be made of any material
c. can span wider spaces
d. uses less material
e. all of these are correct
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Analysis
a. Incorrect. Both the arch and the post and lintel methods are interesting shapes. See MATERIALS AND
METHODS.
b. Incorrect. The arch requires certain types of material, such as stone or concrete. See MATERIALS
AND METHODS.
c. Correct. The arch can span wider spaces, which was used to great effect by architects in the ancient
world. See MATERIALS AND METHODS.
d. Incorrect. The arch does not necessarily use less material. See MATERIALS AND METHODS.
e. Incorrect. The arch was important for creating wide-open spaces in architecture that was previously
impossible. See MATERIALS AND METHODS.
14. Using a pointed arch in a structure allows for _________.
a. higher ceilings
b. more windows
c. larger openings
d. a more substantial use of stained glass
e. all of these are correct
15. A modern skyscraper such as the Seagram building can have glass as the “skin” of its exterior due to
________.
a. the tensile strength of the glass
b. its load bearing walls
c. the addition of post and lintel beams at key points of the structure
d. the strength of the internal skeleton of the steel cage
e. all of these are correct
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16. Skyscrapers in America symbolize _________.
a. the sun and moon
b. modern life and power
c. the world mountain
d. a spiritual journey
e. machines
17. Which of the following architects did NOT work on St. Peter’s Basilica?
a. Michelangelo
b. Carlo Maderno
c. Leonardo da Vinci
d. Gianlorenzo Bernini
e. Donato Bramante
18. The area outside the façade of St. Peter’s contains both a(n) _____, or row of columns, and a(n)
_______, or courtyard.
a. arcade and piazzale
b. elevation and perspective
c. piazza and volutes
d. piazzale and arcade
e. colonnade and piazza
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Analysis
a. Incorrect. An arcade is a series of arches, and a piazzale is type of square, not a courtyard. See
ARCHITECTURE IS A PRODUCT OF ITS TIME AND THE PAST.
b. Incorrect. Elevation is a type of architectural image, and perspective refers to a certain viewpoint. See
ARCHITECTURE IS A PRODUCT OF ITS TIME AND THE PAST.
c. Incorrect. A piazza is a courtyard, not a row of columns and volutes are an aspect of certain columns.
See ARCHITECTURE IS A PRODUCT OF ITS TIME AND THE PAST.
d. Incorrect. A piazzale is not a row of columns, and an arcade is not a courtyard. See ARCHITECTURE
IS A PRODUCT OF ITS TIME AND THE PAST.
e. Correct. A colonnade is a row of columns and a piazza is a courtyard. See ARCHITECTURE IS A
PRODUCT OF ITS TIME AND THE PAST.
19. What is true of Le Corbusier’s urban planning designs?
a. Most were never built.
b. They included high-rise apartment complexes.
c. They included walkways that were separate from roadways.
d. They influenced the construction of Brazilia.
e. All of these are correct.
20. What is an example of temporary architecture?
a. St. Peter’s Basilica
b. Blur Building
c. Seed Cathedral
d. Kaufman House
e. both b and c
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SHORT ANSWER
1. How does architecture include the fourth dimension of time?
2. What did the building of Dome of the Rock commemorate?
3. What are the three Greek Orders of columns?
4. What is a triumphal arch? Cite one example of a triumphal arch.
5. What is ferroconcrete? What are the advantages of using ferroconcrete?
ESSAY
1. Explain why architecture is considered the most universal art form. Cite at least one architectural
2. Describe the unique combination of materials used in Frank Lloyd Wright’s Kaufman House? Why is it
also called “Falling Water”?
3. Identify three items that go into planning a successful building in a natural setting. List an example
4. Identify what the acronym CAD stands for. In what ways do CAD programs help architects?
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Chapter 11
Decorative Arts, Crafts, and Design
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Some of the most common craft media are
a. ceramics
b. glass
c. wood
d. metal
e. all of these are correct
2. The _____________ is the time period in the West in which a distinction was made between the
applied arts, or minor arts, and the major arts of painting and sculpture.
a. Industrial Revolution
b. Renaissance
c. Middle Ages
d. American Studio Craft Movement
e. none of these are correct
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3. Clay, used by sculptors to model statues, is also the media used to make what is known as
a. plastics
b. furniture
c. glassblowing
d. ceramics
e. typography
4. The black-on-black designs of Maria Martinez and her husband Julian, which are inspired by historic
American Indian patterns, combine both shiny and ______, or dull, surfaces.
a. thrown
b. blue
c. matte
d. raku
e. none of these are correct
5. As a potter’s wheel turns, a lump of clay can be lifted and shaped by hand into a vessel, in an action
called
a. throwing
b. raku
c. forging
d. wrought
e. tumi
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Analysis
a. Correct. Throwing is a technique for creating a clay vessel with the use of a potter’s wheel. See THE
CRAFT MEDIA.
b. Incorrect. Raku is a Japanese style of ceramics associated with the tea ceremony. See THE CRAFT
MEDIA.
c. Incorrect. Forging is used to create metalwork. See THE CRAFT MEDIA.
d. Incorrect. Wrought objects are made of metal and hammered into shape. See THE CRAFT MEDIA.
e. Incorrect. Tumi are ceremonial daggers from an ancient Peruvian society. See THE CRAFT MEDIA.
6. Glass is made primarily of _____, or a kind of sand, plus other minerals that add color.
a. clay
b. silica
c. tumi
d. gold
e. none of these are correct
Analysis
7. The greatest period of stained glass artistry is considered to be medieval times, when multicolored glass
paintings were used to fill the long windows of Gothic cathedrals. The most beautiful, best preserved set
of windows can be found in
a. Russia
b. the United States
c. the Victoria and Albert Museum, London
d. Chartres Cathedral
e. none of these are correct
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8. Which work by Magdalena Abakanowicz consists of a large number of figures made of burlap and glue
and is installed in nature?
a. Backs in a Landscape
b. Table Clock
c. Ghost Clock
d. Portal Gates
e. Yo
Analysis
9. Which American glassblower is noted for organic forms and vibrant colors?
a. George Nakashima
b. Louis Comfort Tiffany
c. Dale Chihuly
d. Harriet Powers
e. Myra Mimlitsch-Gray
10. Which glass artist’s work is notable for its organic forms and vibrant colors?
a. Myra Mimlitsch-Gray
b. Harriet Powers
c. Louis Comfort Tiffany
d. Peter Voulkos
e. Dale Chihuly
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Analysis
11. Heating glass to a molten state and then picking it up in a small spherical blob at the end of a long
metal pipe and blowning bubbles into it of various shapes is a technique referred to as
a. forging
b. glassblowing
c. weaving
d. carving
e. none of these are correct
Analysis
12. Metal can be cast or welded, but it can also be _________, or heated, and ___________, or
hammered, into shape.
a. forged; wrought
b. fired; thrown
c. warp; weft
d. all of these are correct
e. none of these are correct
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13. When fabric silhouettes are cut out and stitched onto the background of another fabric, it is called
a. weaving
b. embroidery
c. appliqué
d. knotting
e. beadwork
14. Who said, “There is drama in the opening of a log: to uncover for the first time the beauty…hidden
for centuries, waiting to be given this second life”?
a. Harriet Powers
b. George Nakashima
c. Myra Mimlitsch-Gray
d. Peter Voulkos
e. Wendell Castle
15. Which of the following is not an example of graphic design?
a. advertisement
b. book illustration
c. poster
d. furniture design
e. logo
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16. _________________________ is the aesthetic refinement of products, making functional engineering
solutions easy to use and attractive.
a. Typography
b. The Bauhaus
c. Industrial design
d. Interior design
e. Forging
17. Which of the following is not true of Marianne Brandt’s Table Clock?
a. It is a good example of industrial design.
b. It has a total lack of ornamentation.
c. It replaces the typical clock numbering with short lines.
d. It was revolutionary at the time.
e. The design has not been influential.
18. Which artist uses laser cutting to recycle Christmas cards into valentines?
a. Nagakura Kenichi
b. Myra Mimlitsch-Gray
c. Milton Glaser
d. Marian Bantjes
e. none of these are correct
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19. ____________________, the alterations of the earth for aesthetic pleasure, is an ancient art practiced
all over the globe. An excellent example of this type of design is found at the Gardens of Versailles in
France.
a. Interior design
b. Landscape design
c. Industrial design
d. Graphic design
e. none of these are correct
20. The gardens at Versailles are a revival of which culture’s ideals?
a. Olmec
b. ancient Greeks and Romans
c. medieval France
d. modern American
e. Lambayeque
SHORT ANSWER
1. Describe how glazes are used to color the surface of a ceramic vessel.
2. In the decorative arts, glass is used primarily in what two ways?
3. Describe the process of weaving on a loom.
4. What approach did the American Studio Craft Movement take regarding crafts?
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5. What do you think Elsa Schiaparelli meant by her comment “In difficult times fashion is always
outrageous?”
ESSAY
1. Describe the dramatic impact mass production had on artists’ attitudes towards crafts and design.
2. Describe the ritual performance of the Japanese Tea Ceremony while paying specific attention to how
handmade objects play a role in the ceremony.
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Chapter 12
Ancient Empires, Ancient Gods
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which early Egyptian king is depicted along with his wife Kha-Merer-Nebty in a freestanding
sculpture?
a. King Mycerinus
b. Akhenaton
c. Tutankhamen
d. Ramses II
e. none of these are correct
Analysis
2. Which Egyptian pharaoh introduced monotheism to the polytheistic Egyptians?
a. King Mycerinus
b. Akhenaton
c. Tutankhamen
d. Ramses II
e. none of these are correct
Analysis
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3. The portrait bust of Akhenaton’s wife, entitled Queen Nefertiti, has come to symbolize ______.
a. the celebrity status of a pharaoh’s wife
b. beauty standards for contemporary movie stars
c. the idea that feminine beauty transcends time
d. all of these are correct
e. none of these are correct
4. Following the death of his father–in-law Akhenaton, _____________ enjoyed a brief, six-year reign as
pharaoh.
a. King Mycerinus
b. Tutankhamen
c. Ramses II
d. Queen Nefertiti
e. none of these are correct
5. Identified as the pharaoh of the Exodus, ________demanded a more powerful, formal style of Egyptian
sculpture, as evidenced by the colossal statues erected at the pharaoh’s temple.
a. King Mycerinus
b. Akhenaton
c. Tutankhamen
d. Ramses II
e. none of these are correct