978-1337555555 Part 2 | Course Paper

9. The ratio of 1:1.618 is known as the Golden _____.

10. How does David Siquieros use scale and relative size to create emphasis in Echo of a Scream?

11. In what way does Georgia O’Keeffe create a sense of harmony in Two Calla Lilies on Pink?

22

Analysis

a. Incorrect. While O’Keefe does use sympathy of forms to create a sense of harmony, this is not the

complete answer. See EMPHASIS.

b. Incorrect. O’Keefe harmonizes different colors in the paintings. See EMPHASIS.

c. Incorrect. While O’Keefe does repeat variations of a curvilinear line, she does not use one simple

pattern throughout. See EMPHASIS.

d. Incorrect. While O’Keefe does use sympathy of pastel colors to create a sense of harmony, this is not

the complete answer. See EMPHASIS.

e. Correct. O’Keefe uses both sympathy of forms, by repeating soft curvilinear shapes, and pastel colors

to create sense of harmony. See EMPHASIS.

12. The commission Richard Serra received for the sculpture Tilted Arc was funded by the _________.

13. Tilted Arc was 12 feet tall and _______ feet long.

14. The sculpture, Tilted Arc, was originally placed in the Federal Plaza in 1981, but it was ___.

23

Analysis

a. Incorrect. Tilted Arc was not relocated to a larger site where more people could enjoy it. See

ART NEWS.

b. Correct. Tilted Arc was dismantled and removed in 1989 due to public demands. See ART

NEWS.

c. Incorrect. Tilted Arc was not recently destroyed by the effects of acid rain and vandalism. See

ART NEWS.

d. Incorrect. Tilted Arc was not only a temporary installation, lasting only two weeks. See ART

NEWS.

e. Incorrect. Tilted Arc was dismantled and removed in 1989 due to public demands. See ART

NEWS.

15. In atmospheric perspective, what happens to the background the further back the depth goes?

16. How is depth implied in the Persian illuminated manuscript, The Court of Gayumars?

24

Analysis

a. Incorrect. The figures in the manuscript are the same size. See DESIGNING AND ORGANIZING

SPACE WITH DEPTH.

b. Incorrect. Atmospheric perspective was not used in the manuscript. See DESIGNING AND

ORGANIZING SPACE WITH DEPTH.

c. Correct. Those items that are supposed to be closest are placed toward the bottom of the picture plane.

See DESIGNING AND ORGANIZING SPACE WITH DEPTH.

d. Incorrect. The artist did not create an illusion of deep space. See DESIGNING AND ORGANIZING

SPACE WITH DEPTH.

e. Incorrect. Depth is implied by the placement of figures higher or lower on the picture plane. See

DESIGNING AND ORGANIZING SPACE WITH DEPTH.

17. Linear perspective was discovered by the architect __________.

18. The place where the lines of convergence end is called the _________.

19. In linear perspective, what determines where the horizon line is located?

20. How did Cubism change the way space was organized in the picture plane?

1. In a work of art, what is the picture plane?

2. How does scale differ from proportion?

3. What is the significance of hierarchical scale?

4. What was Richard Serra’s main purpose in building Tilted Arc for the federal plaza?

5. How did Japanese prints influence Western painting?

26

ESSAY

1. Discuss how Donato Bramante created a sense of order in Tempietto.

2. Evaluate how Pieter Paul Rubens unifies his work, Prometheus.

3. Choose three works from chapter three that depict the human figure. Compare and contrast those

5. Artists may use an altered sense of scale to produce dramatic effects in their work, such as Andrea

Dezsos Gentle Beast Hiding Among Leaves and Robert Therrien’s Under the Table, both done in 1994.

27

Chapter 4

Drawing

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Artists’ materials, like oil paint or clay, are referred to as __________.

2. Graphite sticks became popular among artists for which of the following reason(s)?

3. ___________ charcoal is created when wood is heated until only carbon remains.

28

Analysis

a. Correct. Stick or vine charcoal is created by heating wood until only carbon remains. See

CHARCOAL.

b. Incorrect. Compressed charcoal is made by compressing ground charcoal into short sticks. See

CHARCOAL.

c. Incorrect. Dark lines are one possibility offered by charcoal. See CHARCOAL.

d. Incorrect. Graphite is a type of material different than charcoal. See CHARCOAL.

e. Incorrect. Not all of these are correct. See CHARCOAL.

4. When an artist works with charcoal, which can be easily erased, what can be done to ensure a

permanent bond between the charcoal and the paper?

5. ____________ is credited with having kept the first modern sketchbook, which was filled with a

collection of the artist’s current ideas and interests.

6. The substance that holds together the loose, dry pigment of pastels is referred to as the _______.

7. According to the text, many artists like working in pastels because ______.

8. ______________, which come in a variety of colors and degrees of hardness, have a waxy binder that

enables them to adhere to paper better than charcoal or pastel.

9. Pens have been in use since ancient times. The oldest pens were made from _________.

10. In _______________, a series of parallel lines cross in a netlike fashion as they describe the contours

of the subject’s surface.

11. ________ pens are made from bird feathers and have been popular since the Medieval period.

31

Analysis

a. Incorrect. A reed is not made from a bird feather. See PEN AND INK.

b. Correct. A quill is a pen made from a bird feather. See PEN AND INK.

c. Incorrect. Graphite is not used in pens. See PEN AND INK.

d. Incorrect. Steelpoint pens are not made from bird feathers and were not invented until the nineteenth

century. See PEN AND INK.

e. Incorrect. Bamboo pens are not made from bird feathers. See PEN AND INK.

12. Modern Chinese and Japanese artists continue to be trained in centuries-old brush techniques, which

require years of study because ______.

13. Diluted ink applied with a brush to add tonal values to a drawing is called a(n) ______.

14. The essential part of William Kentridge’s drawing process is ______.

32

Analysis

a. Correct. Erasing is an essential part of Kentridge’s drawing process. See CONTEMPORARY

APPROACHES TO DRAWING.

b. Incorrect. Coloring is not an essential part of Kentridge’s drawing process. See CONTEMPORARY

APPROACHES TO DRAWING.

c. Incorrect. Contrast is not an essential part of Kentridge’s drawing process. See CONTEMPORARY

APPROACHES TO DRAWING.

d. Incorrect. Fixative is not an essential part of Kentridge’s drawing process. See CONTEMPORARY

APPROACHES TO DRAWING.

e. Incorrect. Erasing is an essential part of Kentridge’s drawing process. See CONTEMPORARY

APPROACHES TO DRAWING.

15. ____________ uses the silhouette to examine the conflict between images of slavery and romantic

love in the South.

16. The epic novel that served as a basis for Kara Walker’s work entitled Gone, An Historical Romance of

Civil War as it Occurred Between the Dusky Thighs of Young Negress and Her Heart was ______.

33

Analysis

a. Correct. The novel, Gone with the Wind, inspired Kara Walker. See CONTEMPORARY

APPROACHES TO DRAWING.

b. Incorrect. The novel, The Guns of the South, did not inspire Kara Walker. See CONTEMPORARY

APPROACHES TO DRAWING.

c. Incorrect. The novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, did not inspire Kara Walker. See

CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO DRAWING.

d. Incorrect. The novel, If the South Had Won the Civil War, did not inspire Kara Walker. See

CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO DRAWING.

e. Incorrect. The novel, Gone with the Wind, inspired Kara Walker. See CONTEMPORARY

APPROACHES TO DRAWING.

17. Kara Walker uses a folk art technique, traditionally used for portraits and small landscapes, yet the

size of her own work is ______.

18. Which artist discussed in this chapter uses Japanese papers, gunpowder, and gunpowder fuses in their

drawings?

19. When Cai Guo-Qiang exploded a giant red flag on a Soviet-era truck, he stated that this

symbolized________.

20. Cai Guo-Qiang’s work at an air show in San Diego where he directed planes to draw a Chinese

landscape, which then floated away, illustrates

1. Is drawing confined to being only pencil on paper?

2. How did a team of restorers and art historians discover the lost drawings of Michelangelo?

3. What is the difference between graphite sticks and graphite pencils?

4. Which media require a fixative to permanently bond them to the paper?

5. How does Albrecht Dürer create volumetric forms with cross-hatching?

1. Discuss the purpose of an artist’s sketchbook. Why is it important? In your response, cite works from

2. Compare and contrast Hill with the Ruins of Montmajour by Vincent van Gogh with Wu Chen,

3. Discuss William Kentridge’s use of erasure and how it relates to his overall approach to drawing and

4. Discuss Kara Walker’s use of the silhouette in her work. What is the artist’s message? How does

5. Discuss Cai Guo-Qiang’s use of alternative media in his drawings. How does Cai’s work question the

definition of drawing? In your answer, cite works from artists included in this chapter.

36

Chapter 5

Painting

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Paint is a combination of what two materials?

2. The ground in a painting is the _________.

3. Encaustic painting uses _____ as a binder.

37

Analysis

a. Incorrect. Linseed oil is a binder in oil painting. See ENCAUSTIC.

b. Correct. Encaustic paintings use wax as a binder. See ENCAUSTIC.

c. Incorrect. Encaustic painting does not use plaster as a binder. See ENCAUSTIC.

d. Incorrect. Encaustic painting does not use polymer as a binder. See ENCAUSTIC.

e. Incorrect. Encaustic painting does not use gum arabic as a binder. See ENCAUSTIC.

4. The most permanent painting medium is _________.

5. The word fresco means _______ in Italian.

6. To create a modeled effect with tempera paint, values need to be built up by _____.

38

Analysis

a. Incorrect. Values are not built up in tempera painting with alla prima painting. See TEMPERA.

b. Correct. Values are built up in tempera painting by laying down small strokes of different values close

to one another. See TEMPERA.

c. Incorrect. Water is not used in tempera painting. See TEMPERA.

d. Incorrect. Values are not built up in tempera painting by decreasing the pigment to binder ratio. See

TEMPERA.

e. Incorrect. Wax is not used in tempera painting. See TEMPERA.

7. The binder in tempera is usually _______.

8. Gesso is a white paste that helps to seal a surface and is made of _________.

9. The most common support for egg tempera is ________.

39

Analysis

a. Incorrect. Because egg tempera has a tendency to crack if flexed, canvas is not a suitable support. See

TEMPERA.

b. Correct. Because egg tempera has a tendency to crack if flexed, the rigidity of wood makes it a suitable

support. See TEMPERA.

c. Incorrect. Because egg tempera has a tendency to crack if flexed, paper is not a suitable support. See

TEMPERA.

d. Incorrect. Egg tempera is not commonly painted on a plaster surface. See TEMPERA.

e. Incorrect. Because egg tempera has a tendency to crack if flexed, fabric is not a suitable support. See

TEMPERA.

10. Thick, stiff paint that creates a raised surface is called _________.

12. Watercolors are often used for studies for larger works because ________.

13. How did John Singer Sargent keep his colors fresh in Venice: La Salute?

14. Gouache is essentially watercolor with ______ added to it.