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Chapter 1
The Power of Art
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The word sfumato _________.
a. means “the soft mist of a fountain” in Italian
b. is observable in Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa
c. renders details hazy and unclear
d. incorporates low light that softens edges of a form
e. all of these are correct
Analysis
2. The Mona Lisa ended up at the Louvre Museum in Paris because the painting was ________.
a. purchased by the Louvre after it appeared in the Da Vinci Code
b. stolen from a private residence in Florence, Italy, as a spoil of war during the sixteenth-century raids by
French troops led by King Charles
c. in the possession of Leonardo da Vinci, who died while in the residence of King Francis I, the King of
France, so the painting became part of the royal art collection
d. donated to the Louvre by the Giocondo family, who had ties to French nobility
e. given to Napoleon because he had such an admiration for beautiful works of art
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3. The Japanese sculptural group the Amida Buddha reflects the tastes of its aristocratic patrons by ____.
a. having gilded wood
b. being refined and aloof like a prince
c. containing slim, delicate, and ornate carvings
d. depicting the angels surrounding the Buddha like royal attendants
e. all of these are correct
Analysis
4. What subject in prehistoric cave art was rarely shown?
a. humans
b. bulls
c. bison
d. horses
e. rhinoceroses
Analysis
5. The early prehistoric sculpture, The Venus of Willendorf, is believed to have been ___________.
a. an indication of wealth
b. a fertility figure
c. a warning for others to stay away
d. story telling figures
e. amulets to ward off evil spirits
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Analysis
6. What material is Horse Effigy, by Lakotan artist Joseph No Two Horns, made from?
a. multi-media (including wood, leather, and horsehair)
b. ivory
c. bronze
d. marble
e. sandstone
7. How are the “soaring vertical lines” of Notre Dame Cathedral intended to act upon the viewer?
a. demonstrate the power of the architect
b. emphasize royal French power
c. visually symbolize the heavenly realm
d. direct attention to narratives on the ceiling
e. threaten with judgement
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Analysis
8. The art of any area of the world where people live or lived in a pre-industrial or pre-agricultural state is
called ______.
a. folk art
b. tribal art
c. rock art
d. avant garde
e. prehistoric art
9. The purpose of a portrait of a king was to _________.
a. touch an emotional chord
b. merely document his likeness for posterity
c. shock and awe
d. glorify his supreme power
e. change the system of beliefs
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10. Futurism is a movement that celebrated _______.
a. movement of time
b. robotics
c. progress
d. power
e. the rich history of art
11. What is The Liberation of Aunt Jemima, by artist Betye Saar, commenting on?
a. rampant consumerism
b. the rise of technology
c. the role of women in society
d. the stereotyping of African-American women in advertising
e. the food industry
Analysis
12. Maya Lin called the concept of her design of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial _________.
a. “a black gash of shame”
b. “trite”
c. “a blank canvas”
d. “a visual poem”
e. all of these are correct
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© 2019 Cengage Learning, Inc. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Analysis
a. Incorrect. Critics of the memorial called it “a black gash of shame.” See CONTROVERSY OVER THE
VIETNAM MEMORIAL.
b. Incorrect. Maya Lin calls Frederick Hart’s sculpture “trite.” See CONTROVERSY OVER THE
VIETNAM MEMORIAL.
c. Incorrect. Frederick Hart calls Maya Lin’s memorial “a blank canvas.” See CONTROVERSY OVER
THE VIETNAM MEMORIAL.
d. Correct. Maya Lin considered her work to be a visual poem. See ART REPRESENTS IDEALS.
e. Incorrect. Some of these phrases were used as criticisms of Maya Lin’s design. See CONTROVERSY
OVER THE VIETNAM MEMORIAL.
13. What is not true concerning Ansel Adams?
a. Adams was an environmental spokesman.
b. Adams based his photographs on poems by William Blake.
c. Adams was a leader of the Sierra Club.
d. Adams photographed the grandeur of Yosemite National Park.
e. Adams wrote ten books on photography techniques.
14. Zhan Wang’s Urban Landscape is a comment on _________.
a. increased dependence on technology
b. the power of the government
c. the ephemeral sensory quality of art in nature
d. the mechanical disconnect of urbanization and Westernization
e. memory of domestic private life
Analysis
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15. An artist who used the power of art to be self-expressive and cathartic after being in a terrible
accident was _______.
a. Paul Klee
b. Ansel Adams
c. Frida Kahlo
d. Grandma Moses
e. Rachel Whiteread
16. Marc Chagall’s artwork combines the influence of modern art with ________.
a. memories of a rural childhood in Russia
b. the self-expressive qualities of self-portraits
c. whimsy and playfulness of make-believe forms
d. repetitive geometric patterns in a tactile surface
e. folk art motifs
17. Another word for folk art is _______.
a. avant garde
b. impressionism
c. naïve art
d. decorative art
e. conceptual art
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© 2019 Cengage Learning, Inc. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Analysis
a. Incorrect. Avant garde typically refers to innovative artists of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
See FOLK ART.
b. Incorrect. Impressionism was a movement in the late nineteenth century. See FOLK ART.
c. Correct. Naïve art is another term for folk art. See FOLK ART.
d. Incorrect. Though folk art can be decorative, not all decorative art is folk art. See FOLK ART.
e. Incorrect. Conceptual art is a type of art that focuses on the concepts in artwork. Folk art is not a
concept driven style of art. See FOLK ART.
18. Jewelry and woven rugs are considered ______.
a. crafts
b. decorative arts
c. functional objects
d. applied art
e. all of these are correct
19. What influences can be seen in Nick Cave’s Soundsuits?
a. African ceremonies
b. traditional handiwork
c. Mardi Gras costumes
d. high fashion
e. all of these are correct
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20. The studio in which Andy Warhol produced work was known as “The __________.”
a. Garage
b. Penthouse
c. Factory
d. Homestead
e. Crib
SHORT ANSWER
1. What is the difference between a National Treasure and an Important Cultural Property?
2. How did the Greeks balance the real with the ideal in their sculptures?
3. What is the first step in appreciating art?
4. What was the crucial Renaissance idea that Leonardo da Vinci’s art works exemplified?
5. What is the difference between fine arts and applied arts?
ESSAY
1. Discuss the purpose and usage of masks. Cite a specific cultural example in your discussion.
4. Discuss the use of the Leonardo da Vinci’s iconic work Mona Lisa in Marcel Duchamp’s L.H.O.O.Q.
5. Compare/contrast Maya Lin’s Vietnam Veteran’s Memorial with Frederick Hart’s Statue for Vietnam
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Chapter 2
The Primary Elements
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Three-dimensional space _________.
a. can be viewed from one side
b. is flat
c. is the kind of space we live in
d. is exemplified by paintings and drawings
e. all of the above
2. A sphere is an example of which kind of shape?
a. two-dimensional and organic
b. three-dimensional and abstract
c. two-dimensional and geometric
d. three-dimensional and geometric
e. three-dimensional and organic
Analysis
3. A gestural line _______.
a. follows the edge of a form
b. reveals the action of the artist in drawing the line
c. means “beautiful writing”
d. is the weight of a line
e. signifies a hard edge, geometric shape
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© 2019 Cengage Learning, Inc. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Analysis
a. Incorrect. Contour lines follow the edge of a form. See LINE.
b. Correct. A gestural line reveals the action of the artist in drawing the line. See LINE.
c. Incorrect. This phrase does not mean “beautiful writing.” See LINE.
d. Incorrect. A gestural line may have many different weights. See LINE.
e. Incorrect. On the contrary, a gestural line is organic. See LINE.
4. Diagonal lines in a work of art convey ____________.
a. calmness
b. inspiration
c. energy
d. confrontation
e. peacefulness
Analysis
5. Another word for organic shape is _____________.
a. naturalistic
b. hard-edge
c. geometric
d. volume
e. abstract
Analysis
6. An example of a geometric shape is _________.
a. an amoeba
b. a treetop
c. a triangle
d. a mountain
e. a hand
Analysis
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7. Simplified shapes are called _______ shapes.
a. geometric
b. abstract
c. non-representational
d. non-objective
e. organic
Analysis
8. Geometric forms suggest ________.
a. chaos
b. nature
c. creativity
d. reason
e. organic forms
Analysis
9. Chiaroscuro in a work of art relates to __________.
a. figure and ground
b. order and chaos
c. light and dark
d. geometric and organic shapes
e. arbitrary and naturalistic colors
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© 2019 Cengage Learning, Inc. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Analysis
a. Incorrect. While chiaroscuro often affects the relationship between figure and ground, it is a technique
for working with light and dark. See LIGHT, SHADOW, AND VALUE.
b. Incorrect. Chiaroscuro does not relate to order and chaos. See LIGHT, SHADOW, AND VALUE.
c. Correct. Chiaroscuro relates to light and dark. See LIGHT, SHADOW, AND VALUE.
d. Incorrect. Chiaroscuro does not relate to geometric and organic shapes. See LIGHT, SHADOW, AND
VALUE.
e. Incorrect. Chiaroscuro does not relate to arbitrary and naturalistic colors. See LIGHT, SHADOW,
AND VALUE.
10. Lucia Koch’s artwork is surprising in that it ________.
a. creates a vibration of sound by the use of lines
b. expresses the most base fear by the contrasting shades of color
c. uses organic shapes that morph from abstract to nonrepresentational shapes
d. addresses the sensitive issues of a female in puberty
e. uses light and shadow to transform the appearance of ordinary objects
Analysis
11. If an object has a tactile quality, the object has_______.
a. a texture that can actually be felt
b. a rich, repetitive pattern
c. an illusionary sense of texture
d. a sticky texture
e. delicate, undetectable brushstrokes
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12. Why did sculptor Henry Moore want people to touch his sculptures?
a. because they are difficult to see
b. the sculptures felt differently than they looked
c. he did not want them to be experienced visually
d. he thought the barriers between art and viewers were arrogant.
e. all of these are correct
13. Black, white and gray are considered ________.
a. tints
b. shades
c. hues
d. neutrals
e. primary colors
14. A tint is made by mixing a hue with _______.
a. white
b. black
c. the hue’s complement
d. a primary color
e. a secondary color
15. What is color intensity?
a. tint
b. shade
c. vividness
d. value
e. hue
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© 2019 Cengage Learning, Inc. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Analysis
a. Incorrect. Tint does not refer to color intensity. See COLOR.
b. Incorrect. Shade does not refer to color intensity. See COLOR.
c. Correct. Color intensity refers to its vividness. See COLOR.
d. Incorrect. Value does not refer to color intensity. See COLOR.
e. Incorrect. Hue does not refer to color intensity. See COLOR.
16. Why did visitors to the Tate Modern behave as if they were on a beach when they visited The
Unilever Series: Olafur Eliasson, The Weather Project?
a. the museum had increased the temperature of the room
b. the warm colors of the artwork made the gallery feel warm
c. it is common behavior at the Tate Modern regardless of the artwork
d. they were asked to do so by the artist
e. all of these are correct
17. The discovery that white light creates the spectrum when refracted was done by ______.
a. Johannes Itten
b. Lucia Koch
c. Isaac Newton
d. Albert Henry Munsell
e. Josef Albers
18. Analogous colors are colors _________.
a. opposite each other on the color wheel
b. that are not made by any other color
c. that are adjacent on the color wheel
d. saturated with pigment
e. that are not realistic
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© 2019 Cengage Learning, Inc. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Analysis
a. Incorrect. Colors which are opposite each other on the color wheel are called complementary. See
COLOR.
b. Incorrect. Analogous colors are not colors that are not made by any other color. See COLOR.
c. Correct. Analogous colors are colors that are adjacent on the color wheel. See COLOR.
d. Incorrect. The term “analogous colors” does not refer to the saturation level of pigment. See COLOR.
e. Incorrect. The term “analogous colors” does not refer to a level of realism. See COLOR.
19. Color is affected by two things, whatever is next to or surrounding the color and __________.
a. pigment
b. light
c. hue
d. texture
e. dye
Analysis
20. If placed on a black background, an orange shape appearing reddish is an example of ________.
a. arbitrary color
b. local color
c. naturalistic color
d. simultaneous contrast
e. cool colors
SHORT ANSWER
1. What are the elements of art?
2. What is the difference between a shape and a mass?
3. Why are squared off shapes or cubes often used in architecture?
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4. List three items and emotions that are associated with warm colors.
5. Why is a black room difficult to make bright?
ESSAY
1. Choose two of the three works of art: Fishing Boats at Sea by Vincent van Gogh, Boy Playing Flute
2. Evaluate the importance of lighting effects in a three-dimensional work of art.
3. Discuss the different approaches to texture in the African sculpture Oath-Taking Figure and Jan van
4. Analyze the use of color in Caspar David Friedrich’s The Wreck of the Hope.
5. Why is it considered disturbing that ancient statues, like Augustus of Prima Porta were brightly
colored?
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Chapter 3
The Principles of Design
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The empty space around an element in the picture plane is called the ________.
a. positive form
b. figure
c. negative space
d. design
e. figural composition
2. The yin/yang symbol is a perfect balance of black and white, and it is a good example of ________.
a. radial balance
b. asymmetrical balance
c. informal balance
d. figure-ground ambiguity
e. a mandala
Analysis
3. The visual weight in a work of art is affected by ________.
a. position
b. color
c. shape
d. texture
e. all of these are correct
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© 2019 Cengage Learning, Inc. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Analysis
a. Incorrect. While the visual weight of a work is affected by position, this is not the complete answer.
See PLACEMENT.
b. Incorrect. While the visual weight of a work is affected by color, this is not the complete answer. See
PLACEMENT.
c. Incorrect. While the visual weight of a work is affected by shape, this is not the complete answer. See
PLACEMENT.
d. Incorrect. While the visual weight of a work is affected by texture, this is not the complete answer. See
PLACEMENT.
e. Correct. The visual weight of a picture is affected by position, color, shape, and texture. See
PLACEMENT.
4. Another word for symmetrical balance is _________.
a. informal balance
b. bilateral symmetry
c. radial symmetry
d. figure/ground
e. asymmetrical balance
5. Which of the following is NOT a way to create emphasis?
a. unity
b. lines of force
c. focal point
d. contrast
e. relative size
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6. The main way to create unity in a composition is by ________.
a. repetition of elements
b. adding a focal point
c. eliminating the ground
d. scaling back proportion
e. organization
7. The Golden Mean is _________.
a. an illuminated manuscript
b. a gilded box used for the pope
c. an area where nobility and the wealthy lived in Florence during the Renaissance
d. the aesthetic sensation when looking at a highly rhythmic pattern
e. a guiding principle for design based on a mathematical formula
8. By tradition, the discovery of the Golden Mean is attributed to the ________.
a. Roman architect Vitruvius
b. Greek mathematician Pythagoras
c. Egyptian king Tutankhamen
d. Renaissance artist and scientist Leonardo da Vinci
e. Chinese Buddhists
Analysis