Page 1
1.
A(n) ______ is a stated position with support either for or against an idea or issues.
2.
Claims of ______ focus on whether something is or is not true or whether something
will or will not happen.
3.
Claims of ______ address issues of judgment and try to show why something is right or
wrong, good or bad, worthy or unworthy.
4.
______ originates with sources other than the speaker’s own experience.
5.
You can use an audience’s preexisting knowledge and opinions and your own speaker
______ as evidence for your claims.
6.
Speakers can use _______ to justify the links made between claim and evidence.
7.
_______ warrants offer reasons targeting the audience’s needs and emotions.
8.
In _______ reasoning, the speaker argues that one event, circumstance, or idea is the
reason for the other.
9.
In a(n) _______ message, the speaker does not mention any opposing claims.
10.
A false or erroneous statement, or an invalid or deceptive line of reasoning, is called a
logical ______.
11.
A(n) ______ ______ argument is an attack on a person instead of the issue at hand in an
attempt to incite an audience’s dislike for that person.
12.
The ______ organizational pattern is commonly used for speeches based on claims of
policy.
13.
The ______ ______ pattern is a five-step process for arousing attention and inspiring
action.
Page 2
14.
In the motivated sequence pattern, the ______ step isolates and describes the issue to be
addressed.
15.
In the motivated sequence pattern, the ______ step identifies the solution.
16.
In the motivated sequence pattern, the ______ step involves making a direct request to
the audience.
17.
The ______ ______ pattern is most effective when the audience is already aware of an
issue or problem and agrees that a need for a solution exists.
18.
Similar to _______, the refutation pattern addresses each main point and then disproves
an opposing claim to your position.
Page 3
Answer Key
Page 4
1.
An argument is a stated position, with support, either for or against an idea or issue.
A)
True
B)
False
2.
A claim states the speaker’s conclusion.
A)
True
B)
False
3.
Material that substantiates a claim is called evidence.
A)
True
B)
False
4.
Claims of fact address issues of judgment.
A)
True
B)
False
5.
A claim of policy recommends that a specific course of action be taken or approved.
A)
True
B)
False
6.
When addressing whether something is or is not true, a speaker should frame the
argument as a claim of fact.
A)
True
B)
False
7.
Only external evidence can be used to support claims.
A)
True
B)
False
8.
Narratives, testimony, and facts drawn from an outside source are examples of external
evidence.
A)
True
B)
False
Page 5
9.
Motivational warrants are based on ethos.
A)
True
B)
False
10.
In reasoning by analogy, the speaker argues that one event, circumstance, or idea is the
reason for the other.
A)
True
B)
False
11.
Any calls to action you include in your speech should be broad and vague to inspire as
much action as possible.
A)
True
B)
False
12.
If the audience is aware of counterclaims to the argument and the speaker does not
acknowledge them, the speaker can lose credibility.
A)
True
B)
False
13.
Speakers should be aware of logical fallacies in order to avoid using them.
A)
True
B)
False
14.
A false dichotomy is an argument that targets a specific person instead of the issue at
hand.
A)
True
B)
False
15.
The audience should not affect how a speaker organizes a persuasive speech.
A)
True
B)
False
16.
Visualization is the fourth step in Monroe’s motivated sequence pattern.
A)
True
B)
False
Page 6
17.
In a refutation pattern, each main point addresses and then disproves an opposing claim.
A)
True
B)
False
18.
“Watching professional hockey is better than watching professional basketball.” This
statement is a claim of
A)
value.
B)
fact.
C)
policy.
D)
pathos.
19.
Students who earn an A average on all speech assignments should be exempt from the
final exam. This statement is a claim of
A)
value.
B)
fact.
C)
policy.
D)
logos.
20.
A speaker addressing whether something is or is not true should frame the argument as a
claim of
A)
fact.
B)
support.
C)
value.
D)
policy.
21.
The various types of external evidence include
A)
statistics.
B)
personal experiences.
C)
the speaker’s beliefs.
D)
claims.
22.
Warrants that appeal to the audience’s faith in facts as evidence are known as
A)
motivational.
B)
authoritative.
C)
existential.
D)
substantive.
Page 7
23.
When a speaker compares two similar cases and implies that what is true in one case is
true in the other, the comparison is an example of
A)
reasoning by analogy.
B)
causal reasoning.
C)
deductive reasoning.
D)
faulty reasoning.
24.
What is an effective strategy for addressing a counterargument?
A)
Ignore it, even if somebody raises it directly.
B)
Craft an ad hominem attack on the person behind it.
C)
Introduce new evidence to demonstrate that the counterclaim is outdated.
D)
Raise your voice and act belligerently.
25.
“Clearly roses are the best flowers for gift giving, because I see more people buying
them than any other kind of flower” is an example of
A)
bandwagoning.
B)
begging the question.
C)
either-or fallacy.
D)
red herring.
26.
“I’m a better candidate than X because, unlike X, I work for a living” is an example of
A)
ad hominem argument.
B)
hasty generalization.
C)
slippery slope.
D)
begging the question.
27.
“If we can build the most powerful computers in the world, we should be able to cure
Alzheimer’s in your lifetime” is an example of
A)
ad hominem argument.
B)
hasty generalization.
C)
slippery slope.
D)
non sequitur.
28.
Which pattern demonstrates how the speaker’s points are more favorable than alternative
positions?
A)
problem-solution
B)
refutation
C)
cause-effect
D)
comparative advantage
Page 8
29.
Which organizational pattern addresses main points and then disproves opposing
claims?
A)
problem-solution
B)
refutation
C)
cause-effect
D)
comparative advantage
Page 9
Answer Key
Page 10
1.
Give an example of a claim of value.
2.
Give an example of a claim of policy.
3.
Provide three examples of external evidence.
4.
List two reasons why it is important to be able to identify logical fallacies.
5.
Give an example of the logical fallacy called begging the question.
6.
Give an example of an either-or fallacy.
7.
List the steps in Monroe’s motivated sequence pattern.
8.
Give an example of a speech that uses the comparative advantage pattern.
Page 11
Answer Key